Ababhaki yizilwane ezimangalisayo. Ngaphandle, zifana kakhulu nezingulube, ngakho-ke, kuze kube muva nje zibhekwa njengalezo, kepha manje zihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezingezona ezikhazimulayo.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi izazi zebhayoloji zizophinda zicubungule isikhundla sazo ngokuhlukaniswa, ngoba ababhaki bezingulube empeleni, banokufana okuningi nezilwane ezi-ruminants.
Kuyamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ababhaki bangabomdabu eMhlabeni Omusha, kepha lokhu akunjalo. Izinsalela zokhokho bazo zivame ukutholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, okusikisela ukuthi e-Old World lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zafa noma zahlanganiswa nezingulube zasendle.
Izici zepeccary nendawo yokuhlala
Ingulube bakers photo- Nezilwane ze-telegenic. Ukubona umuntu onekhamera yevidiyo noma ilensi yezithombe, babheka ngokungathi sína, bayeke, bazenzele umenzi wamafilimu ngokoqobo.
Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zihlala ezwenikazi laseMelika, zingatholakala eziqiwini eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States, eNingizimu Melika ogwini lonke loLwandlekazi iPacific, entshonalanga ye-Argentina, e-Ecuador futhi cishe kuwo wonke amakhona aseMexico. Ama-Bakers ahloniphekile ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu futhi acishe abe omnivorous, yingakho indawo ahlala kuyo ibanzi kakhulu.
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezine zalezi zingulube zasendle ziyaziwa ngabantu, kanti ezimbili zazo zatholakala futhi ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, ngenqubo yokubuyisa izindawo ezingamahlathi emvula kanye namathafa angcolile e-savanna, nangaphambi kwalokho kwathathwa njengokushabalele.
Namuhla ososayensi bayazi abapheki bezingulube zasendle izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- Ikhola.
Laba yibo kuphela ababhaki abahlala e-United States. Okuhlukile kwalezi zinhlobo ukuthi izindlala ezikhethekile zemfihlo eyengeziwe zitholakala engxenyeni ye-sacral ngemuva kwezilwane ezindala.
Izingulube ezihlanganisiwe zihlala emihlambini yabantu abayi-5-15, zixhumene kakhulu nabantu, zixhumene kakhulu futhi zinobungane. Banombala omhlophe noma ophuzi ngombala, ngenxa yalokho bathola igama labo.
Bathanda ukudla kakhulu, bakhetha ukuzitika ngamakhowe, amajikijolo, u-anyanisi, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza futhi, ngokumangazayo, i-cacti. Kodwa-ke, zingama-omnivores futhi azisoze zadlula izidumbu - izidumbu zamaxoxo noma izinyoka, izidumbu ezibolayo zezilwane ezinkulu noma izidleke ezinamaqanda. Zikhula kuze kube uhhafu wemitha lapho zibuna futhi zifinyelela kumitha ubude, ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-20-25 kg.
Esithombeni, ingulube yababhaki
- Izintshebe ezimhlophe.
Bahlala ikakhulu eMexico, izilwane ezinkulu, ezinamandla, ezihlelwe ngemihlambi efinyelela emakhulwini amakhanda. Bathola igama labo ngenxa yendawo ekhanyayo ekhanyayo ngaphansi komhlathi ongezansi.
Imihlambi ihlala izulazula, ayihlali isikhathi eside kunezinsuku ezintathu, ngisho nasezindaweni ezifanele kunazo zonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yize abapheki bezonka ezimhlophe abanezintshe ezimnene, bakhetha ukudla isidumbu, abasuke bekufuna.
Esithombeni kunengulube yombhaki wezinwele ezimhlophe
- UChakskie noma, njengoba bebizwa kanjalo, ababhaki bakaWagner.
Lezi zilwane zibhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu. Esikhathini eside esacatshangwa ukuthi asisekho, bachazwa yizazi zezinto eziphilayo ezivela ezinsaleleni ezitholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Baphinde batholwa besaphila ngo-1975 ngenkathi bebeka intambo kagesi eParaguay.
Lezi zinhlobo kunzima ukuzibuka futhi uzifunde, ngoba indawo ehlala kuyo ngamahlathi aseGran Chaco, okungukuthi, insimu yezintombi zasendle ethinta izifundazwe ezintathu - iBrazil, iBolivia, iParaguay.
Ukubheka okuyinhloko kwalaba bakaki kwenziwa ezindaweni ezinehlathi elomile kanye nehlathi, futhi, okwamanje, izazi zezilwane ziye zanquma ngokuthembekile ukuthi lezi zilwane zithanda ukudla ameva futhi zinamahloni kakhulu, zikhetha ukucasha ngemuva kwamatshe noma kwezinye izindawo zokukhosela, lapho nje zizibona ngemuva kwazo ukubonwa.
Okufanekisiwe ingulube yombhaki waseCzech
- IGigantius, noma enkulu.
Lolu hlobo aluzange lufundwe nhlobo. Iphinde yatholakala ngephutha ngonyaka ka-2000, ngesikhathi kugawulwa amahlathi kakhulu eBrazil. Izinsalela ezifana nababhaki abakhulu zivame ukumbiwa eYurophu, kodwa akukaziwa ukuthi lezi zinsalela nezilwane ezitholwe ngengozi ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yababhaki
Ngokuyinhloko, yonke idatha mayelana nalezi zilwane, njenge izici, incazelo yababhaki bezingulube zasendle, etholwe ngokubukwa kwempilo yengulube yengulube eziqiwini e-United States.
Ababhaki bakhetha indlela yokuphila yasebusuku neyasebusuku, bezwa kahle futhi banomuzwa othuthukisiwe kakhulu wephunga. Zinobuntu kakhulu, zihlala emihlambini, futhi zinobukhosi obuqinile kakhulu.
Ukuphakama komholi akuphikiswa, kanye nelungelo lakhe elikhethekile lokuvundisa abesifazane. Uma noma yimuphi owesilisa ethatha isinqumo sokungabaza izimfanelo zomholi womhlambi, lapho-ke akukho mzabalazo noma izimpi ezizokwenzeka. Eyesilisa engabazayo ivele ihambe iqoqe umhlambi wayo.
Ngokwesimilo, ababhaki kudala babhekwa njengezilwane ezinamahloni. Kodwa-ke, maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwakukhona igagasi lemfashini lokugcina izilwane zasendle njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Futhi lapho intandokazi yayijwayelekile, kwaba ngcono. Lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa uqede inkoleloze yokwesaba ababhaki, okuvumela ukufakazela ukuthi lezi zingulube zasendle ziyathandana kakhulu, zinokuthula futhi zifuna ukwazi kakhulu.
Namuhla, lezi zilwane zingatholakala ema-zoo amaningi, lapho zizizwa zizinhle khona, futhi uma, kungenjalo, zingaba yizintandokazi zezivakashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunababhaki emasekisini amaningana aseCanada, lapho ukuqeqeshwa nokwenziwa kususelwa kumgomo "omkhulu ophezulu".
Ukuzala kanye nokulindela impilo kwababhaki
Ababhaki abanasikhathi esithile sokukhwelana. Ukuya ocansini phakathi kwabesifazane kanye nomholi womhlambi kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo nakubantu - nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Uma owesifazane ekhulelwa, khona-ke isikhundla sakhe esibucayi sihlala kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-145 kuya kwezingu-150. Uncamela ukubelethela ababhaki endaweni ecashile noma emgodini, kepha uhlale eyedwa.
Imvamisa kuzalwa amantshontsho ezingulube, akuvamile kakhulu ukuzalwa. Izingane zifika ezinyaweni zazo kakade ngosuku lwesibili lokuphila kwazo, futhi lapho nje lokhu kwenzeka, zibuyela nonina kuzo zonke izihlobo zazo.
Ababhaki baphila ngezindlela ezehlukene, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle - ukungabikho kwezitha zemvelo, ukondleka okwanele nempilo enhle - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25. Kodwa-ke, kungekudala esikhathini esidlule e-zoo yaseThai, izingulube zebhaki zabungaza usuku lwazo lokuzalwa lwesi-30, ngenkathi zisesimweni esihle ngokomzimba.
Esithombeni, ababhaka izingulube ngamazinyane
Ngokusho kokubona kwezazi zezilwane nezazi zemvelo, umpheki wezingulube eningizimu Melika kuyaqabukela uphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, efa ngokwesilinganiso ku-15-17. Noma ngabe lokhu kungenxa yokuhlukahluka noma ngesizathu esithile, ososayensi abakakutholi lokho.
Ukudla kwamabhaka
Ababhaki bathanda ukudla, ukubabuka, ungabona ukuthi bahlala behlafuna okuthile, futhi bavame ukudla okulula ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ekuhambeni, njengabantu nje. Lezi zilwane zithanda omnivorous - zingagcoba utshani, zidle amahlumela kabhontshisi, zidle amakhowe, noma zixoshe amanqe futhi zidle isidumbu sesilwane esifile.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kokuncamelayo okuphekwayo kungenxa yokwakheka kwezisu namazinyo abo. isisu sababhaki bezingulube zasendle sinezigaba ezintathu, esokuqala kakhulu ngokwengeziwe sihlonyelwe ngemvelo ngamabhangqa "angaboni".
Emlonyeni wesilwane ngasinye kunamazinyo angama-38, anezinwele zangemuva ezithuthuke kahle, ukudla okugaywayo futhi kunemigqomo enamandla engunxantathu ngaphambili, kufana ncamashi nanoma yisiphi isilwane esidlayo.
Izazi eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zikholelwa ukuthi kanye lapho ababhaki babengagcini nje ngokuneliseka ngezidumbu namadlelo, kodwa futhi babezingelwa. Manje, amazinyo asetshenziswa kuphela ukuvikela ezitheni zemvelo - ama-puma nama-jaguar, kanye nokudwengula inyama yesidumbu esikhulu.
Ufingqa indaba emayelana nalokhu, engajwayelekile kubantu, ezilwaneni ezimangalisayo, udinga ukukhuluma ngomlando wegama - abapheki bezingulube, kungani babizwa kanjalo akukho okuhehayo kuneziqu zabo.
Ngenkathi amaphayona aseYurophu ehlola izwekazi laseMelika, ahlangana nesizwe samaNdiya esasithintana nabo "iTupi", inzalo yabo esahlala eBrazil yanamuhla.
Ebona buqamama iqembu lezilwane ezingajwayelekile, amaPutukezi aqala ukukhomba kubo, ememeza "Izingulube, izingulube zasendle", futhi amaNdiya athatha igama elizwakala ezindlebeni zabantu baseYurophu, njenge "Bakers".
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwaziwa ukuthi "ababhaki" kwakungelona igama elilodwa, kepha babembalwa, futhi le nkulumo ihunyushwa ngokuthi "isilo esenza izindlela eziningi zehlathi", enhle ngokumangalisayo futhi ichaza ngokunembile izingulube zababhaki.
