Amahlengethwa omfula bayingxenye yomndeni wemikhomo enamazinyo. Umndeni wamahlengethwa omfula siqukethe amahlengethwa omfula i-Amazonian, Chinese, Ganges kanye neLapland. Ngeshwa kuwo wonke umuntu Chinese amahlengethwa emfuleni ayikwazanga ukusindiswa: ngo-2012, izilwane zabelwa isimo "sokuqothulwa".
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikholelwa ukuthi isizathu sokuqothulwa kwazo silele ngokuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yamanzi, nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo (ukwakhiwa kwamadamu, amadamu). Izilwane azikwazanga ukuhlala ezimweni zokufakelwa, ngakho-ke, isayensi ayazi ama-nuances amaningi okukhona kwazo.
Incazelo nezici zomfula ihlengethwa
Ihlengethwa lomfula i-Amazon umnikazi werekhodi langempela phakathi kwamalungu omndeni wamahlengethwa omfula: isisindo somzimba sabakhileyo emfuleni sisuka ku-98.5 kuya ku-207 kg, futhi ubude bomzimba obude cishe bungu-2.5 m.
Kusithombeni ihlengethwa lomfula i-Amazonia
Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zingapendwa ngemibala ekhanyayo nemnyama empunga, esezulwini noma ephinki, zibizwa nangokuthi amahlengethwa emifula emhlophe futhi amahlengethwa omfula abomvana.
Umthunzi wengxenye engezansi (isisu) ulula ngokwedlulele kunombala womzimba. Isimpumulo sihlotshiswe kancane sigotshwe phansi, sifana nomlomo omile, isiphongo saso siyindilinga futhi sinyukile. Emlonyeni kunezinwele ezinesakhiwo esiqinile, esenzelwe ukwenza umsebenzi othintekayo. Amehlo anombala ophuzi, futhi ubukhulu bawo abudluli ku-1.3 cm.
Kunamazinyo ayi-104-132 emgodini womlomo: lawo atholakala ngaphambili anomumo wesigaxa futhi enzelwe ukubamba inyamazane, lawo angemuva aqinile ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlafuna.
Isiphetho esingemuva komhlengethwa womfula i-Amazonia sithatha indawo yomqansa, ubude bawo busukela kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-61. Izilwane ziyakwazi ukweqa ngaphezu kwe-1 m ukuphakama.
I-Gangetic dolphin (susuk) inombala ompunga ngombala, iphenduka ibe mpunga esiswini. Ubude - 2-2.6 m, isisindo - 70-90 kg. Uhlobo lwamaphiko aluhlukile kakhulu kumaphiko amahlengethwa ama-Amazonia.
Impumu ivulekile, inani elilinganiselwe lamazinyo lingamabhangqa angama-29-33. Amehlo amancane awaboni futhi anomsebenzi wokuthinta. Amahlengethwa aseGhana abhalwe njengezilwane ezisengozini eRed Data Book ngoba inani lawo lincane kakhulu.
Esithombeni, iqembu lezigelekeqe lomfula
Ubude bamahlengethwa aseLaplatian ngu-1.2 -1.75 m, isisindo singama-25-61 kg. Uqhwaku lucishe lube yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobude bomzimba. Isibalo samazinyo yizicucu ezingama-210-240. Izici ezihlukile zalezi zinhlobo zilele embala wazo, onombala onsundu, futhi futhi lawa mahlengethwa abonakala ngezinwele eziwayo lapho zikhula. Amaphiko afana nokubukeka konxantathu. Ubude be-fin obutholakala ngemuva bungu-7-10 cm.
Amahlengethwa omfula banamehlo angaboni kahle, kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, bathambekele ngokuphelele echibini ngenxa yamakhono abo amahle okuzwa nawokuzwa. Kubantu abahlala emfuleni, amathambo omlomo wesibeletho awaxhunyiwe komunye nomunye, okuvumela ukuba baphendule amakhanda abo ezinhlangothini ezifanele emzimbeni. Amahlengethwa angafinyelela ngejubane elifinyelela ku-18 km / h, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile abhukuda ngejubane elingu-3-4 km / h.
Isikhathi sokuhlala ngaphansi kwekholomu yamanzi sisukela ku-20 kuye ku-180 s. Phakathi kwemisindo ekhishwayo, umuntu angahlukanisa ukuchofoza, ukukhala ngamathoni aphezulu, ukukhonkotha, ukukhononda. Imisindo isetshenziswa ngamahlengethwa ukuxhumana nama-congeners, kanye nenhloso yokufunda.
Lalela izwi lehlengethwa lomfula
Indlela yokuphila yomfula ihlengethwa nendawo yokuhlala
Emini amahlengethwa emfuleni ziyasebenza, futhi ngokuqala kobusuku ziya ekuphumuleni ezindaweni zamachibi, lapho ijubane lamanje liphansi kakhulu kunezindawo lapho zihlala khona emini.
Ahlala kuphi amahlengethwa omfula?? Indawo yama-Amazonian amahlengethwa emfuleni imifula emikhulu yeNingizimu Melika (i-Amazon, i-Orinoco), kanye nemifudlana yayo. Zitholakala nasemachibini nasezindaweni eziseduze nezimpophoma (phezulu noma ezansi nomfula).
Ngesikhathi sesomiso eside, lapho izinga lamanzi emadamini lehla kakhulu, amahlengethwa ahlala emifuleni emikhulu, kepha uma kunamanzi anele avela esikhathini semvula, angatholakala emizileni emincane, noma phakathi kwehlathi eligcwele amanzi noma ithafa.
Amahlengethwa aseGhana ajwayelekile emifuleni ejulile yaseNdiya (iGanges, iHunli, iBrahmaputra), kanye nasemifuleni yasePakistan, eNepal, eBangladesh. Emini, icwila ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-3, kuthi ebusuku ifihle ekujuleni okujulile ifuna inyamazane.
Amahlengethwa iLaplat atholakala emifuleni nasolwandle. Bahlala ngasogwini olusempumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, umlomo weLa Plata. Ngokuyinhloko, amahlengethwa omfula ahlala ngababili noma ngemihlambi emincane, engaqukethe abantu abangaphezu kweshumi nengxenye. Uma kwenzeka kutholakala ukudla okuningi, amahlengethwa angakha imihlambi emikhulu kaningana.
Ukudla kwehlengethwa lomfula
Zondla izinhlanzi, izibungu nama-molluscs (izinkalankala, imfanzi, iskwidi). Imifula ehlala amahlengethwa inodaka kakhulu; izilwane zisebenzisa i-echolocation ukuthola ukudla.
Amahlengethwa omfula omhlophe abamba izinhlanzi ngezimpumulo zawo, futhi azisebenzise njengethuluzi lokubamba izimbaza ezansi echibini. Ukudla, baya ezingxenyeni zomfula ngokujula okujulile.
Zithanda ukuzingela zodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane. Amahlengethwa athatha inhlanzi ngamazinyo angaphambili, bese eyisa kwezingemuva, okugaya ikhanda kuqala bese kuthi ngemuva kokuba isilwane sigwinye, sichoboze okusele. Impango enkulu idwenguliwe, ilume ikhanda kuqala.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo yamahlengethwa omfula
Ukuthomba ku amahlengethwa emfuleni kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, insikazi iyisunduzela ngaphandle kwamanzi ukuze iphefumule okokuqala.
Ubude bomzimba we-cub bungu-75-85 cm, isisindo cishe siyi-7 kg, umzimba unombala ompunga okhanyayo. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, abesilisa babuyela emifuleni, futhi abesifazane abanezizukulwane bahlala endaweni (eziteshini noma ezigodini ezakhukhulwa ngamanzi ngemuva kokukhuphuka kwezinga lamanzi).
Okufanekisiwe ihlengethwa lomfula eliyingane
Ngokuncoma izindawo ezinjalo, abesifazane bavikela inzalo yabo ekushodeni kokudla, izilwane ezidla ezinye, futhi nasezenzweni ezinolaka ezenziwa abesilisa abafokazi. Inzalo ihlala isondele kunina kuze kube cishe neminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Akuvamile ukuthi owesifazane akhulelwe futhi ngaphandle kokuphothula inqubo yokuncelisa. Ukuhlukana phakathi kokukhwelana kungaba kusuka ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-25. Phila amahlengethwa emfuleni kungabi ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-16 - 24.
