Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bebenentshisekelo ezinganekwaneni zamabhere. Yibo ababehlala njalo befaka ukwesaba kubantu futhi babathande ngasikhathi sinye. Ibhere laseHimalaya izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zalezi zilwane.
Igama lakhe futhi ibhere elimnyama i-Ussuri, inyanga, i-arboreal, noma bamane bathi ibhere elinamabele amhlophe. Umlando wokubukeka kwabo uyathakazelisa. Ngokusho kososayensi, badabuka esilwaneni esincane esibizwa nge-Protursus, kusuka kokhokho abanezimpande zase-Europe nase-Asia. Amabhere amnyama nansundu aqhamuka kumabhere ase-Asia.
Incazelo nezici zebhere laseHimalaya
Usayizi Ibhere elinsundu laseHimalaya inokuhluka okuthile kokunsundu ojwayelekile, uma uqhathanisa idatha yabo yangaphandle. Kunokwehluka okuningi okuphawulekayo phakathi kwazo okubonakala ngeso lenyama.
Vuliwe isithombe sebhere le-healayan kuyabonakala ukuthi unekhanda elikhulu elinomlomo ocijile, ibunzi eliyisicaba nezindlebe eziphumayo. Imilenze yangemuva yebhere ayinamandla amakhulu njengaleyo yangaphambili.
Isisindo sesilwane esidala sifinyelela ku-140 kg, ngobude obungu-170 cm. Insikazi yalesi silwane incane, isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-120 kg, ubude bayo bungu-180 cm. , ikakhulukazi ezinhlangothini zekhanda lebhere.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye yayo yangaphambili ibukeka inkulu ngokubukeka kunangemuva. Intamo yesilwane ihlotshiswe ngendawo emhlophe qangi esesimweni sohlamvu lwesiNgisi V. Ezinzwaneni zesilwane kukhona uzipho olufushane, olugobile nolubukhali.
Lesi simo sezinzipho sisiza isilwane ukuzulazula ezihlahleni ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umsila webhere, uma uqhathanisa nobukhulu bawo bonke, mncane kakhulu, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-11 cm.
Ibhere laseHimalaya lihle kakhulu ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla
Mayelana nebhere laseHimalaya kunemininingwane eminingi. Izici zokuphulukisa zezitho zabo zangaphakathi nokubaluleka koboya bazo kuholele ekutheni kudala ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kwezinye izifunda.
Isilwane kancane kancane saqala ukunyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba, ngakho-ke baletha Ibhere laseHimalaya elibomvu incwadi isikhathi eside, esiza ukumvikela okungenani okuncane esintwini.
Umuntu ozingela ngokungemthetho obulala lesi silwane kufanele ajeziswe kanzima. Ngaphezu kwabantu, ibhere laseHimalaya linezitha ezicashe ngezilwane.
Zivame ukungqubuzana nebhere elinsundu, i-Amur tiger, impisi, ne-lynx. Usongo lokuphila luhlala kuze kube yilapho isilwane sifinyelela eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala.
Ibhere laseHimalaya livame ukubizwa nge- "lunar" ngenxa yecezwana loboya obukhanyayo esifubeni
Ngemuva kwalokho, izitha zebhere laseHimalaya ziba zincane kakhulu. Ukusindiswa kwezinyawo ezinamagobolondo kuyiqiniso futhi lokuthi zisezihlahleni naphakathi kwamatshe. Akuzona zonke izidalwa ezinkulu ezivunyelwe ukufika lapho.
Indlela yokuphila yaseHimalaya kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ukwahlulela ngokuthi incazelo yebhere laseHimalaya, ngendlela yaso yokuphila ngokweqile, yehlukile kozakwabo abansundu. Lezi zilwane zichitha cishe isigamu sempilo yazo ezihlahleni.
Lapho kulula ngabo ukuthi bazitholele okwabo ukudla futhi babalekele ezitheni ezingaba khona. Bakhuphukela esihlahleni sesihlahla lesidze kakhulu, cishe ngamamitha angama-30 ukuphakama. Ibhere ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu futhi ngemizuzwana nje lingehla kulo liye phansi.
Agxume ngaphandle kokwesaba esihlahleni esingamamitha ayisithupha ukuphakama. Amabhere esihlahleni aziphatha ngokuthakazelisayo. Zihlala phakathi kwamagatsha, ziwaphule bese zidla izithelo ezihlwabusayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, isilwane asilahli amagatsha, kepha sibeka ngaphansi kwaso.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwakheka isidleke esikhulu kula magatsha. Ibhere liyisebenzisela ukuphumula. Lapho ihlathi lizolile, lingenamoya, ungezwa ukuqhuma kwamagatsha kwephulwa ibhere ibanga elide. Yile ndlela ezakha ngayo izidleke zazo.
Amabhere aseHimalaya azama ukuhlangana nabantu kakhulu futhi ngezindlela zonke ayigweme le mihlangano. Izilwane zimane zihambe zingakhombisi ukuba nolaka. Amacala ahlukanisiwe abonwa lapho ehlasela abantu.
Sizwa ukudubula, isilo sizama ukubaleka. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ezimweni ezinje ubudlova buyavuka kulezi zilwane, bese begijimela kubaphuli babo. Kakhulu lokhu kwenzeka kowesifazane wesibhele ovikela izingane zakhe.
Uthatha isinyathelo esiwujuqu phambili futhi uletha izenzo zakhe emphumela wokugcina uma kwenzeka umhlukumezi ezama ukubaleka. Amabhere aseHimalaya, njengazo zonke ezinye izihlobo zawo, alala ebusika. Ngale njongo, bathola imigodi yezihlahla ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile futhi kube lula kakhulu kubo emgodini we-poplar noma i-linden.
Umnyango wale ndawo yokuhlala uvame ukuba phezulu, hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-5. Ukuze isilwane esikulesi silinganiso silingane emgodini, isihlahla kufanele sibe sikhulu impela.
Ezimweni lapho kungekho khona izihlahla ezinjalo kulezo zindawo lapho ibhere laseHimalaya liyaphila, umhume, idwala noma umgodi womuthi usebenza njengesiphephelo kuwo. Amabhere anezibele ezimhlophe asuka ezindaweni zobusika aye ezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezinqabayo futhi okuphambene nalokho. Kuyisici ukuthi izilwane zikhethe umzila ofanayo wezinguquko.
Lezi zilwane zinezingcwecwe ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba nezokuziphatha. Ukuziphatha kwabo akuhlukile ekuziphatheni kwamabhere ezinye izinhlobo - azikhiphi i-urea nendle ngesikhathi sokulala ebusika.
Yonke imisebenzi yokuphila yamabhere, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziba ngama-50% ngaphansi kunezinkomba ezijwayelekile. Izinga lokushisa komzimba nalo lehla kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhere lingahlala livuka kalula.
Ngesikhathi sokulala kwabo ebusika, amabhere aseHimalaya anciphisa isisindo kakhulu. Ingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli ibonakala ngokuthi lezi zilwane ziyavuka zishiye izindawo zazo zokuhlala zesikhashana.
Banezinkumbulo ezinhle. Kuyisici ukuthi bakhumbule okuhle nokubi. Isimo singashintsha ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ibhere lingaba nemvelo enokuthula, kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana libe nolaka futhi lifuthelane.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ibhere laseHimalaya likhetha ukuphila impilo eyedwa, eyedwa. Uthanda ukuhlala kulezo zindawo lapho kunokudla okuningi khona.
Abazihambi ngomqondo wobukhosi bezenhlalo. Kuya ngeminyaka yamabhere nesigaba sesisindo sawo. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile ngesikhathi sokukhwelana ezilwaneni. Abesilisa abanesisindo esingaphansi kwama-80 kg abakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhwelana nabesifazane.
Izindawo, lapho kuhlala ibhere laseHimalaya, zanele. Bakhetha amahlathi amade abanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele aseningizimu-mpumalanga ne-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye nezitende zomsedari ne-oki, izindawo lapho banokudla okwanele khona. Ehlobo, bakhuphukela phezulu ezintabeni, kuthi ebusika bancamele ukwehla ngezansi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ibhere laseHimalaya likhetha ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo. Izibiliboco azithandayo ngamantongomane aseManchu, i-hazel, amantongomane omsedari, ama-acorn, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene asendle, kanye notshani, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezihlahla.
Ubumnandi abuthandayo yi-bird cherry. Amajikijolo alo angadliwa ngamabhere ngokungapheli. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhele aya esikhungweni sezidleke futhi entshontsha isifuba kanye noju. Iqiniso lokuthi bahudula lesi sidleke esintshontshiwe ukuze bavikele iminyovu likhuluma ngobuhlakani babo obuthuthuke kakhulu.
Amabhere anezibele ezimhlophe aqoqa izithelo ezingavuthiwe kuphela, kodwa futhi nalezo ezingakavuthwa. Le ndlela ihluke kanjani kumabhere ansundu. Ukuzinza okuphawulekayo kubonakala ekunikezeni kwabo ukudla. Ngakho-ke, isilwane singaqongelela amafutha anele, anele hhayi kuphela isikhathi sokulala, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sokuvuka kwentwasahlobo.
Izilwane zivame ukuzitotosa ngesibungu nezinambuzane. Azizithandi izinhlanzi futhi azizingeli. Kepha abalokothi badele isidumbu. Kepha kunobufakazi bokuthi amabhere ahlala eSouth Asia angahlasela kalula ama-ungulates asendle nemfuyo. Ezinye zazo ziyingozi nakubantu. Yisilwane esinamandla futhi esishesha kalula esingabulala isisulu saso ngokuphula intamo yaso.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sebhere laseHimalaya
Isikhathi sokukhwelana ibhere elimnyama le-himalayan iwela ngoJuni-Agasti. Insikazi izala izingane zayo izinsuku ezingama-200-245. Akhiqizwa ibhere elilele emgodini.
Kuboniswe ibhere lomntwana laseHimalaya
Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuzalwa eyodwa noma ezimbalwa zezingane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kukhona ama-3 noma amane amawundlu.
Isisindo esijwayelekile sezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa lapho zizalwa cishe zingama-400 g. Ukukhula kwazo kuhamba kancane. Ennyangeni eyodwa, amawundlu awakwazi ukuzisiza ngokuphelele futhi awanakuzivikela. NgoMeyi, bathola isisindo esincane kakhulu, cishe siyi-3 kg.
Isizukulwane esisha sikhula sineminyaka engama-2-3 ukusuka ekuzalweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bavuthwa ngokocansi. Isikhawu phakathi kokuzalwa kwezinsikazi kwabesifazane iminyaka engu-2-3. Endle, amabhere aseHimalaya aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25. Isikhathi sokuphila kwabo ekuthunjweni kwesinye isikhathi sasifinyelela eminyakeni engama-44.
