I-Cougar yisilwane esithule esinomusa
Emndenini we-feline puma kubhekwe njengomunye wabamele izilwane ezinomusa kakhulu, ezinamandla, ezinhle, ezichazwe okokuqala maphakathi nekhulu le-16. Elinye igama laleli kati elikhulu yi-cougar, noma ibhubesi lentaba.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu, esiphansi ngosayizi endaweni yaso yokuhlala kuphela ku-jaguar eyimbangi, sifinyelela kubude obunga-120-170 cm, futhi ngomsila - kufika ku-2.5 m. ... Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane ngokwesilinganiso esingu-30%.
Uboya obubomvu entanyeni nasesifubeni bunomthunzi okhanyayo, ekhanda okumpunga, nasezindlebeni nakumabhulashi omsila - ngamathoni amnyama aminyene, acishe abe mnyama ngombala. Ngokuvamile, umzimba ophansi ulula kakhulu kunaphezulu.
Abadli bezilwane abahlala eNyakatho Melika bahlukaniswa ngama-silvery tints, futhi abamele ama-pampas aseningizimu, ama-tropics asondele kumathoni abomvu. Lawa kuphela amakati aseMelika anombala wejazi eliqinile. Uboya bezilwane bufushane, bukhali futhi buminyene.
Ngabe i-cougar yezilwane amazinyo aqinile, anquma ubudala bomzingeli. Ama-Fangs asetshenziselwa ukubamba isisulu, futhi ama-incisors adabula kalula izicubu futhi aphule amathambo. Umsila onamandla wemisipha usiza ibhalansi lekati laseMelika lapho lihamba futhi ligxuma ngenkathi lizingela.
Umzimba oguqukayo oguqukayo uhlukaniswa ngomusa okhethekile. Ikhanda lincane, izindlebe zincane ngosayizi, ziyindilinga. Ama-paw aphansi futhi abanzi. Imilenze yangemuva inamandla futhi inkulu kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili. Inani lezinzwani zezidladla lihlukile: ngemuva - ezine, nangaphambili - emihlanu.
Indawo yokuhlala ama-cougar cougars Kunemihlobiso ehlukahlukene: womabili amathafa anamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-pampas, amaxhaphozi nezintaba zezintaba eziseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika maphakathi neCanada. Amabhubesi esiliva agwema izindawo ezisenyakatho.
Indawo yezilwane ibanzi, kepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule, ama-cougars e-United States acishe aqedwa. I-cougar yezilwane engajwayelekile yaqala nokuthambisa. Eminyakeni eyalandela, bekungenzeka ukubuyisa inani labantu, ngokwamanani nokusatshalaliswa okuqhathaniswa nezingwe nama-lynx. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi cougar uhlala ikakhulukazi lapho izinto eziyinhloko zokuzingela kwakhe zihlala khona - izinyamazane. Ngisho nombala wejazi labo uyefana.
Izinhlobo ze-Cougar
Ngokwesigaba esidala, kuze kufinyelele kuma-subspecies afinyelela kwangu-30 we-cougar abekiwe. Manje, ngesisekelo sedatha yofuzo, izinhlobo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zama-cougars zibalwa. Ama-subspecies angavamile i-cougar yaseFlorida, ebizwa ngendawo yayo eningizimu yeFlorida.
Ngesikhathi senkinga, kwakukhona abantu abangu-20 kuphela. Izizathu zokuqothulwa kwamanzi kwakuyipayipi lamanzi lamaxhaphozi, phakathi kwawo okutholakala izilwane ezingavamile, nokuzingelwa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ama-cougars aseFlorida mancane ngosayizi namaphaphu amade kunezinye izihlobo.
Esithombeni i-puma
Intshisekelo kokungajwayelekile ama-cougars amnyama kusekelwe ikakhulu emibikweni nasekuqageleni okungenabufakazi. Eqinisweni, esikhundleni sezikhwama ezimnyama, kwatholakala abantu abanombala onsundu omnyama, okwakubonakala sengathi amalahle ukude nje. Ngakho-ke, asikho isiqiniseko sangempela sokuba khona kwamakati amnyama aseMelika okwamanje.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ama-cougars yizilwane zasendleukuhola indlela yokuphila ethule yedwa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela esivusa kubo isifiso somunye nomunye, futhi ukumemeza okukhulu kwekati kukhombisa ukwakheka kwemibhangqwana eshadile.
Ama-Cougars akhetha izindawo ezithile zokuhlala, imingcele yazo imakwe emaphethelweni ngemikrwelo ezihlahleni nasemchameni. Izindawo zemvelo kufanele zigcwaliswe ngezinto zokuzingela nezindawo zokuphephela. Izintaba namathafa anotshani yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu.
Ubuningi bezilwane ezidlayo buncike ekutholakaleni kokudla futhi bungaqala kubantu abayi-1 kuye kwabayi-12 nge-80 km² ngayinye. Izindawo zokuzingela zabesilisa zakha izindawo ezinkulu kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-750 km².
Iziza zosofa besifazane zincane kakhulu, kusuka kuma-30 kuye kuma-300 km². Ukuhamba kwezilwane ezindaweni zazo kuhlotshaniswa nezici zonyaka. I-cougar ichitha ubusika nehlobo ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Emini, izilwane zishiswa yilanga kwenye indawo noma ziphumule emgodini ocashile. Lapho kuhwalala nasebusuku, umsebenzi uyanda. Isikhathi sokuzingela inyamazane. Izilwane sezijwayele ukuhamba emithambekeni yezintaba, zingagibela izihlahla futhi zibhukude kahle.
Ukweqa okunamandla ka-5-6 m ubude, ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-2 ukuphakama nokugijima okusheshayo okufika ku-50 km / h kushiya ithuba lesisulu. Amandla nokukhuthazela kwama-cougars akuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nokuthuthwa kwezidumbu, isisindo saso siphindwe ka-5-7 ngokwaso.
Ngokwemvelo, i-cougar cishe ayinazo izitha. Izidlakela ezinkulu kuphela ezingabhekana ne-cougar, inqobo nje uma i-cougar ibuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma ukungabi nalwazi kwezilwane ezisencane. Amaphakethe e-Wolf, ama-jaguar, ama-alligator amakhulu ahlasela i-cougar namakati ayo uma ezizwa ephakeme.
Ama-Cougars cishe awahlaseli abantu, ngaphandle kwamacala lapho umuntu ethathwa njengesihlukumezi: uhamba ngokushesha, avele ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhwalala noma ebusuku ezingela. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane zigwema ukuhlangana nabantu.
I-Cougar yisilwane esibekezelayo. Ngokungafani nengwe esicupheni, i-cougar izosusa izibopho ngomoya ophansi, noma ngabe kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukudla kwePuma
Izinto zokuzingelwa ama-cougars ikakhulukazi ama-moose nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyamazane, kanye nokunye okungahlanjululwa: i-caribou, izimvu ezinkulu. I-Cougar iyadla izilwane eziningi ezincane: izingwejeje, ama-beavers, ama-muskrats, ama-raccoon, ama-lynx.
Izidlakudla azihlukanisi phakathi kwemfuyo nezasendle, ngakho-ke izinqama, izingulube, amakati, izinja zingaba izisulu. Akazideleli amagundane, iminenke, amaxoxo, izinambuzane.
I-cougar iyakwazi ukuhlangana nentshe, ukubamba inkawu enobungcweti esihlahleni. I-puma ihlasela isilwane esikhulu kungalindelekile ngokugxuma okunamandla, iphule intamo ngesisindo sayo noma idle umphimbo ngamazinyo.
Esithombeni, i-cougar enengane
Kukhona njalo izilwane ezibulewe kakhulu kunekhono le-cougar lokudla lesi silwane. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwenyama ngonyaka kufika kuma-1300 kg, okuyizilwane ezicishe zibe ngu-45-50.
Ngemuva kokuzingelwa, ama-cougars afihla izidumbu ezisele ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, amagatsha noma azimboze ngeqhwa. Kamuva babuyela ezindaweni eziyimfihlo. AmaNdiya, ngokwazi lokhu, athatha inyama esele ku-cougar ngenkathi beqhubeka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuhlangana kwama-cougars sidlula isikhashana. Imibhangqwana yakhiwa amasonto ama-2, bese iyahlukana. Izilwane ezizingelayo ezinamasayithi azo kuphela ezingazala. Abesilisa bakhwelana nabesifazane abaningi ezindaweni eziseduze.
Esithombeni, i-cougar cub
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-95. Kusukela ku-2 kuya ku-6 kuzelwe amazinyane ezimpumputhe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, kuvuleka amehlo, izindlebe namazinyo. Umbala wezingane ubonakele, kunamasongo amnyama emsileni, anyamalala njengoba ekhula.
Incazelo ye-cougar njengomama kusekelwe ekubonweni ema-zoo. Insikazi ayivumeli noma ngubani ukuthi asondele kumantshontsho ezelwe futhi ayivumeli ukuthi ibukeke. Ngemuva kwenyanga kuphela, i-cougar izothatha izingane zihambe okokuqala. Ukudla okuqinile kufakiwe ekudleni kwamazinyane kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.
Ukunakekelwa kukamama kwenzalo kuthatha cishe iminyaka emibili. Lapho-ke ukuba mdala kuqala ngokufuna indawo yayo. Isikhathi esithile, abantu abasha bahlala eqenjini, bese behlukana.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-2,5, nabesilisa eminyakeni emithathu. Isikhathi sokuphila se-cougar ezimweni zemvelo sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15-18, futhi ekuthunjweni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
Unogada we-Cougar
Ngenxa yekhono le-cougar lokuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, abantu bayagcinwa endaweni enkulu yokuhlala. IFlorida kuphela puma ifakiwe kuRed incwadi emakwe njengebucayi.
Ukuzingela ama-cougars ezifundazweni eziningi kunqunyelwe noma kuvinjelwe, kepha izilwane ziyaqothulwa ngenxa yomonakalo odaleke ekuzalaneni kwezinkomo noma emapulazini okuzingela.
Okwamanje kunemizamo yokuqukatha cougar njengesilwane esifuywayo. Kepha kusenezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha, njengoba kuyisidlakela esithanda inkululeko futhi esingabekezelelani. Ingonyama enhle nenamandla yasentabeni ihlala ingenye yezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu nezinomusa emhlabeni.
