Crested newt ingeyomndeni wama-salamanders wangempela, iqembu lama-amphibian anomsila. Lesi silwane kukhulunywe ngaso okokuqala ngusosayensi wemvelo waseSweden K. Gesner maphakathi nekhulu le-16, wasibiza nge "water lizard".
Umndeni uqobo njengamanje uhlanganisa cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ezinomsila, kodwa ezine kuphela zazo ezisabalele eRussia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi futhi isibankwa se-crested newt.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo okuhlala kuyo i-newt crest
Izinsizwa zihlala emazweni asenyakatho yeJalimane, iSwitzerland, iFrance nePoland, futhi zingatholakala kalula eBelarus nase-Ukraine. Ukusuka eningizimu, le ndawo imingcele yeBalkan ne-Alps.
Izindawo zokwabiwa kwe-newt e-crested zihambisana nendawo yokuhlala i-newt ejwayelekile, yize inani langaphambilini liphansi izikhathi eziphindwe ka-5, futhi bathanda amanzi afudumele. Ama-Crested newts ahlala khona ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zehlathi zohlobo lwe-coniferous noma oluxubekile, oluhlala emizimbeni emikhulu, kepha hhayi ejulile yamanzi egcwele utshani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi akuzo kufanele ahlanzeke impela, ngoba imisila yomsila wokukhetha ikhetha ngokukhethekile ubumsulwa bamanzi. Lapho uhlangane nale amphibian echibini, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi akuyo ahlanzekile.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-newt crested
Ngu isithombe se-newst ungabona kalula ubulili besilwane. Kwabesilisa, kusukela ezingeni leso ukuya emsileni, igebe elivezwe kahle eline-serrated liyaqhanyelwa. Ekuqaleni komsila, uyaphazamiseka uphinde uqhubeke futhi, kepha awusenawo ama-jag.
Abesifazane, nokho, abanakho ukuqhuma futhi bancane kunabesilisa. Ubude bemizimba yabo buhluka kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-20 cm, kanti owesilisa awudluli ngobukhulu obungu-15-17 cm.Umsila wesibankwa samanzi mncane kancane noma ulingana nobude bomzimba wonke we-amphibian.
Ingemuva nezinhlangothi zenewtt zimbozwe isikhumba esimahhadla, esimuncu, kanti esiswini sithambile futhi bushelelezi. Lesi sibankwa sipendwe ngombala onsundu onsundu ngamachashazi, yingakho ngaso sonke isikhathi sibonakala sicishe sibe mnyama. Usilika obanzi noma umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ugijima ngomsila.
Uhlangothi lwe-ventral nezinzwane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungumbala o-orenji okhanyayo onamabala amnyama. Ngenxa yalesi sici esiphikisayo, ama-newt crested abe yizakhamizi ezihlala njalo zasemanzini asekhaya. Incazelo ye-newt crested kwehlukile encazelweni yenewt ejwayelekile esakhiweni secrest (ekugcineni inamandla), nokungabikho komugqa omnyama omude ngamehlo.
Uma sesingene emanzini, isibankwa sichitha kanye ngesonto, futhi isikhumba asilimele, i-newt iyadedelwa kuso, isijikele ngaphakathi. Ikhono elimangazayo le-newt lokushintsha umbala walo lisuke emthunzini okhanyayo liye kwelimnyama nasemhlane nalo liye laqashelwa. Lokhu kubukeka kuhlukile ekhonweni lokuvuselela cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho, kusukela eminweni kuye emehlweni.
Indlela yokuphila entsha ye-Crest kanye nokudla okunempilo
Isikhathi esiningi, i-amphibian esezingeni eliphakeme ihlala emhlabeni, futhi kuphela entwasahlobo, lapho kuqala inkathi yokuzalanisa, ingena ngokuphelele emanzini. Ayilibekezeleli ilanga nokushisa okuvulekile, ngakho-ke ithanda ukucasha ngaphansi kwezinkuni ezikhukhulekayo, kuqweqwe lwamaqabunga noma emthunzini wezihlahla. Emini, isilwane siyasebenza emanzini, kepha lapho kuqala ukuhwalala siyaphumela emhlabeni, lapho sichitha khona isikhathi sizingela.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, kufika amakhaza futhi i-newt ingena ebusika. I-amphibian ihlala ezinhlamvwini zamatshe, izitshalo zokutshala, ukugoba ubulembu noma emigodini yamagundane nezimvukuzane. Uma abantu behlala eduze, izintuthwane zichitha ngokuthula ubusika ezindlini ezingaphansi noma kwezinye izakhiwo zasendlini.
Bangazifihla bobabili bodwa futhi babe ngamaqoqo amakhulu abantu. Ziphuma ebusika busika maphakathi no-Mashi, zigcina amandla okuhamba ngisho nokufundwa kwe-zero thermometer.
Lapho i-newt ibhukuda, icindezela imilenze yayo emzimbeni, iphinde isebenze njengesondo lokushayela. I- "pusher" eyinhloko ngumsila, okuthi isilwane sishaye kuze kube izikhathi eziyishumi ngomzuzwana, sikhule ngesivinini esikhulu emanzini.
Ukuba ngumzingeli, ukudla kwe-newt e-crested kuqukethe izibungu, amabhungane, ama-slugs, ama-crustaceans, kanye nokudla okwehla esiphundu okukhethekile - i-caviar kanye nonoshobisho bezinye izilwane eziphila ezweni. Kukhona amacala okudla inyama phakathi kwabamele abadala.
I-newt crested ayihlukile embonweni omuhle, ngakho-ke kunzima kuye ukuthi abambe ukudla okuphilayo emzimbeni wamanzi nasemhlabeni. Ngenxa yalesi sici, izibankwa zivame ukuphoqeleka ukuba zilambe. Ekuthunjweni, ama-amphibians angondliwa ngemisundu yegazi eyomile, ethengiswa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane. Umsila ngeke wenqabe emaphela, izikelemu, izikelemu zomhlaba.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nobude bempilo ye-newst crest
Ukuvuka ebusika (ngoMsombuluko) ngo-Mashi, ama-newt ahlanganisiwe alungiselela isikhathi sokukhwelana. Umbala wabo uyakhanya, ukuqhuma okuphezulu kuvela kowesilisa, okukhombisa isifiso sesilwane sokukhulelwa.
Owesilisa uqala ukuthandana ngokuqoma ngokwenza imisindo yokushaya amakhwela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ucindezela i-cloaca ebhekene nendawo eqinile namaqabunga ezitshalo zasemanzini, ngaleyo ndlela abeke indawo ayikhethile. Owesifazane, owahamba ngomkhumbi waya ocingweni, uzibandakanya nomdanso omangazayo, lapho owesilisa egonona ngawo wonke umzimba wakhe, ethinta umsila wakhe ekhanda lowesifazane, umvimbela ukuthi angadluli.
Isoka elishisayo lifaka izigaxa zamafinyila anamaseli okuzala abesilisa emanzini, isithandwa esinqotshiwe esingena ku-cloaca yaso. Kakade ngaphakathi komzimba, inqubo yokukhulelwa iyenzeka.
Ngokwesilinganiso, i-newt yowesifazane ibekela amaqanda angama-200, kepha kwesinye isikhathi inani lidlula imibungu engama-500. Ukuzala kudonsa amasonto amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Amaqanda, ngawodwana noma ngamaketanga amaningana, anamathiselwa ngowesifazane ngemuva kwamaqabunga, awashiye evulekile.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, izibungu ezivela ku-8-10 mm ngosayizi ziyavela emaqandeni. Ekuqaleni, babulawa yindlala, ngoba kulesi sigaba umlomo awukakheki, kepha imilenze yangaphambili nezinsimbi, okuphefumlelwa yisibungu ngaphambi kokuqala kokuguqulwa kwesimo, sezivele zilandelwa. Ngemuva kwelinye isonto, kuvela izitho zangemuva.
Njengabantu abadala, izibungu ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukuhlaselwa kusukela ekuqamekeleni, badla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, futhi badle nezibungu zomiyane. Imvamisa, intsha emikhulu ye-newst crested ayinqeni ukudla abantu abancane be-newt ejwayelekile.
Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, izinguquko zesibungu seziqediwe, bese ziphumela ngokucophelela emhlabathini, zicashe ezitshalweni nangaphansi kwezingodo eduze kwedamu. Izilwane ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzala ngokuzimela lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu.
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, ama-amphibian anomsila aphila iminyaka eyi-15-17, ekuthunjweni aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25-27. Inani lamaswidi lincipha ngokushesha ngenxa yentuthuko yezimboni kanye nokungcola kwamanzi ahlanzekile, lapho izintuthwane zitholakala kalula khona. Ukungena i-crested newt Kwamanye amazwe Incwadi Ebomvu futhi iNcwadi yezifunda eziningana zaseRussia yaba yindlela engenakugwemeka emzabalazweni wokusinda kwayo.
