Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-auk
Auk - izinyoni zamanzi zezindawo ezisenyakatho. Kungokwalolu hlobo lwezinyoni zasenyakatho, lapho umoya ungeyona into eyinhloko. Okuhle kunakho konke, bazizwa besembusweni wamanzi anosawoti angenamkhawulo, bebhukuda kahle futhi behamba ngobuciko.
Lapho indiza, zibonakala zingenangqondo. Emhlabeni, ama-auks avele abe budlabha futhi anyathele kakhulu izidladla zawo ezimnyama ezifakwe ulwelwesi. Ngokubukeka, zibukeka ziqinile, kuyilapho zinentamo emfushane.
ngokunikela incazelo ye-auk, kufanele kuphawulwe ezinye izici zobuntu bakhe. Uqhwaku oluphakeme futhi olujiyile lwezidalwa ezinezimpaphe lucwecwe ukusuka ezinhlangothini futhi luxhunywe phezulu.
Amakhala alezi zidalwa eziphilayo abunjwe njengeziqholo. Umsila, ongaba ngu-9 cm ubude, uphakanyisiwe wakhomba ekugcineni. Umphimbo wezinyoni ugqama ngokuphuzi okukhanyayo, amehlo anombala onsundu.
Inhloko nangemuva kunombala onsundu-mnyama ngombala, kanti isisu simhlophe qhwa. Ingubo enezimpiko, njengoba ubona ku isithombe se-auk, imivimbo emhlophe iyagqama: owe-longitudinal usuka emehlweni uye ekugcineni koqhwaku, bese kuthi ojikelezayo ahlobise amaphiko enyoni, wona uqobo lwawo angaba ngamasentimitha angama-20 ubude. Umbala wekhanda ovela ezinhlangothini nasentanyeni uncike enkathini yonyaka, ushintsha usuka ebumnyameni uye ekukhanyeni.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ngamanzi olwandle ase-Arctic nasenyakatho eyedlulele ye-Atlantic, egeza ugu lwaseYurophu naseMelika, futhi kaningi auk bukhoma eziqhingini ezakhelene nala mazwekazi.
Ensimini yaseCanada, kunezidleke ezingafika ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-25 ngonyaka zezinyoni ezinjalo. Ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, lezi zidalwa zisetshenziselwa ukuchitha isikhathi emanzini avulekile. Iphimbo lenyoni elinomphimbo futhi eli-raspy livame ukuzwakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Lalela izwi le-auk
Imvamisa benza imisindo: "ark-arrk", okhiphe igama labo.
Izinhlobo ze-Auk
Izinyoni zingezomndeni wama-auks, ngokuba ngabamele abakhulu impela, ngoba ubude bomzimba besilisa bufinyelela kuma-48 cm, kanti isisindo sincane ngaphansi kwekhilogremu, yize abesifazane bancane.
I-auk ihlobene ne-guillemot ezacile enamakhadi amancanyana, inyoni enesilinganiso esimaphakathi, isakhamuzi somdabu sombuso weqhwa laphakade. Ngaphandle, lezi zinyoni ziyafana, kodwa kukhona umehluko ngobukhulu nokwakheka komlomo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-puffin abhekwa njengezihlobo eziseduze zabamele lo mndeni esichazayo - izibonelo ezihlekisayo ezivela emhlabeni wezinyoni, abanikazi bomlomo we-orange.
U-Wingless auk - uhlobo olutholakale manje olwalukhona phakathi kweziqhingi zoLwandle i-Atlantic, ngokusho kososayensi, lunezimpande ezifanayo i-arctic auk.
Futhi zombili lezi zinyoni zichazwa yizazi zezinto eziphilayo njengezinhlobo ezincane zohlobo olufanayo. Kepha, ngeshwa, i-auk engenazimpiko, ngokusho kwedatha ekhona, yanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba emuva ngo-1844.
Ngokusho kososayensi, inani lamanje le-Arctic auk lingaba ngamabhangqa ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Kepha inani labo labantu lihlushwa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwemvelo yasolwandle kanye nokwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi emanzini olwandle.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-auk
I-Auk ithanda ukuchitha izinsuku zokuphila kwayo, ihlale ngababili noma ijoyine emaqenjini amancane akhona ngandlela thile ngaphandle kwezinye izinyoni. Lezi zinyoni zikwazi ukuntywila ngobuchule ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-35, kanti ngenkathi zibhukuda zidonsela amakhanda azo emqaleni wazo futhi zigcine umsila wazo uphakamisile njalo.
Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi izakhi zolwandle ezinolaka, ezinamandla okuwa, zikhathale izinyoni kakhulu kangangokuba ziphelelwe amandla futhi ziphonswe ogwini zifile.
Njengoba zichitha ubusika olwandle, lezi zakhamuzi zasenyakatho elukhuni zishiya amanzi, ziye ogwini, kuphela ngesikhathi sokufukamela. Ngalesi sikhathi, zindiza ngenkuthalo, zihamba emoyeni ngejubane lama-58 km / h, ngenkathi zivame ukushaya amaphiko azo, zinweba amakhanda phambili, futhi ziqondise umsila wazo nezidladla emuva, zihamba ngokushesha nangokuqondile.
Izwi le-auk libhoboza inhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ungayizwa kaningi, ngoba ukuhlaselwa kwezinyoni ezinjalo akuvamile. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, mayelana ne-auk kunamahemuhemu okuthi baqaphele ngokweqile.
Imvamisa, ama-auks athutheleka abe yimihlambi emincane noma ngamabili
Izitha zabo yizilwane ezahlukahlukene ezidla ezinye, ezivela ezinyonini - amagwababa kanye nasolwandle, kanye nezilwane ezinjengezimpungushe ezibomvu. Kodwa izephulamthetho zizingela ikakhulukazi izinkukhu, futhi zilwela ukuzitika ngamaqanda alezi zinyoni.
Ngokuya ngesizini, fluff izinyoni ze-auk izinguquko, njengasesikhathini esithile sokuzalela, ngemuva kwalokho izimpaphe zalezi zinyoni ziguquka ngokuphelele enyangeni nohhafu, futhi phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo ziyehluleka ngokuphelele ukundiza.
I-Auk's down yake yasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izigqoko zabesifazane. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba izimpaphe zale nyoni zithambile impela futhi zimnandi ekuthintweni.
Ukudla i-auk
Okudliwa ama-auks? Ukudla kwabo okujwayelekile kufaka izinhlanzi, ezivame ukuhlala emaphandleni amancane, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu zitholakala kalula kulezi zinyoni.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-cod encane, i-sprats, i-sprat, i-gerbil, i-herring, i-capelin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-invertebrate ahlukahlukene olwandle angaba ukudla kwe-auk: imfanzi ne-squid, kanye nama-crustaceans.
Ngesikhathi sokwindla nobusika, esisetshenziswa emanzini olwandle, baneliseka ngokudla okunothile abakuthola ekujuleni kolwandle. Zidonsa ikhanda phambili zifuna ama-molluscs nama-gerbils, ziyakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu.
Phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela, lezi zidalwa ezinezimpaphe zizingela emanzini angajulile, lapho zibheka khona ama-crustaceans amancane nezinye izakhamuzi zamanzi ngaphansi kolwandle olujulile. Umlomo ocijile uyasiza ukugcina isisulu saso.
Njengoba seziphumelele izindebe zazo zisuka olwandle, lezi zinyoni zingazidla zisuka, noma ziziphathele amatshwele azo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izimbangi ezizingelayo zinesibindi sokungena kulokho ezikutholile, i-auk ikulungele ukulwa kanzima nalabo abonile. Kepha, noma kunjalo, bona ngokwabo bayakwazi ukusizakala ngezithelo zomsebenzi womunye umuntu, beba noma basusa izinhlanzi ezibanjwe ezinye izinyoni.
Lapho kudingwa ukudla, ama-auks angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eminingana
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo ye-auk
Imvamisa ihlala emanzini avulekile, inyoni yasolwandle ye-auk ifika kuphela ogwini ngesikhathi sokuzala, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo lase-Arctic elibandayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba amachwane azalwe, izinyoni zenza izindiza ezinde ezifika ku-100 km zifuna ukudla. Kepha ngemuva kokuvela kwezinkukhu, abazishiyi isikhathi eside. Laba abamele umbuso wezinyoni bavame ukwakha izidleke emakoloni kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, okuyindlela yokuphepha kuphela futhi eyindlela yokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Izinyoni sezikhulile ngokwanele ukuthi zingaba nabantwana eminyakeni engama-4-5 ubudala. Ngaphambi kokwenza imicikilisho yomshado, kuqala kufika isikhathi sokuqomisana, lapho abalingani bobulili bobabili beqala khona bese bezama ukujabulisa abakhethiweyo babo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhwelana okuningi kwenzeka, okwenzeka kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-80.
I-Auk ibeka iqanda layo okuwukuphela kwalo emifantwini yetshe
Izinyoni ezinjalo azizakhi izidleke, kepha zimane zibeka iqanda (njengokujwayelekile, lisebunyeni eyodwa) emadwaleni asogwini, zifuna izindawo ezifanelekile zalokhu, zisebenzisa imifantu emaweni, izindawo zokudonsela phansi, ama-puffin kanye nemigodi, okuvame ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala efanayo unyaka nonyaka ngonyaka.
Kwezinye izimo, izinyoni ngokwazo zakha izakhiwo ezinethezekile ngamatshe amancane amancane, ziqoqwe zibe yinqwaba, zimboza phansi kokucindezeleka okwenziwe ngezimpaphe ezithambile kanye noqhwa olomile.
Iqanda, lapho bobabili abazali bahileleke khona, liphuzi noma limhlophe, kuthi ekugcineni okungaqondile kumbozwe amabala abomvu ansundu futhi linesisindo esingaba ngu-100 g. Uma kwenzeka lilahlekile iqanda, kuvame ukubekwa elinye, futhi isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha izinsuku ezingama-50.
Ukuvikela inzalo yabo yesikhathi esizayo, i-auk, noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ngokuqapha nokuphepha kwabo. Uma othile ezethusa ngezikhathi ezinjalo, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukushiya izindawo zazo zokufukamela isikhashana.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa awasebenzi, awanakuzisiza futhi ayazwela emakhazeni, embozwe ngombungu onombala onsundu ngokubomvana phansi. Isisindo sabo singama-60 g kuphela.
Esithombeni i-auk enephuphu
Kuthatha ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili kuze kube yilapho iphuphu selizivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima zendawo yalo. Ukudla kunikezwa ngabazali bakhe abanakekelayo abamlethela izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene. Uhlobo lokudla okuyinhloko amaphuphu adla ngalo yi-capelin.
Itshwele linakekelwa esidlekeni amasonto amabili noma ngaphezulu. Bese ethatha uhambo lwakhe lokuqala olwandle esuka kumzali wakhe. Ingane iqala ukujwayelana nokujula kolwandle ngesinyathelo esinobungozi, imvamisa igingqika phansi noma igxume igagasi elinosawoti elivela ngqo eweni.
Imvamisa imizamo enjalo yesibindi iba nesiphetho esibuhlungu, futhi kufa amatshwele amaningi. Kepha lezo zezingane ezimelana nokuhlolwa ngenhlonipho, ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva ziyakhula zisuka kubazali bazo bese ziqala ukuzimela, ziphila impilo enzima yenyoni yasenyakatho, ehlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-38.
