Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Lesi silwane singabizwa nangokuthi i-newt enezinzwane ezine, kodwa igama elijwayeleke kakhulu - Intulo yaseSiberia... Inewt inombala onsundu engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, kepha umbala awufani, ungabona ama-specks ahlukahlukene, imicu, imivimbo, kepha ayinemibala egqamile.
Inewt inemibala eminingana yombala oyinhloko (onsundu). Ukucabangela isithombe se-salamander yaseSiberia, lapho-ke ungabona umthunzi oshunqayo, futhi oluhlaza okotshani, futhi omnyama kakhulu, ocishe ube mnyama, futhi uze ube segolide.
Isimo somzimba, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-newt, siyinqaba, siyisiyingi esincane, ikhanda eliyisicaba, ezinhlangothini kunezitho ezine ezineminwe. Yize le newt ibizwa ngokuthi inamazinyo amane, akubona bonke abantu abaneminwe emi-4. Intulo ingatholakala ngayo yomibili iminwe emithathu nemihlanu.
Umsila uthanjisiwe kusuka ezinhlangothini futhi ubude, kepha ubude bawo buhlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Kukhona labo umzimba wabo omfushane kunomsila, kepha ngokuvamile umsila mfushane kunomzimba. Ubude besilwane sonke bufinyelela ku-12-13 cm, lokhu kufaka nobukhulu bomsila. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, kodwa-ke, kunemihosha engu-12 kuye kwayi-15 ezinhlangothini.
Le amphibian izizwa imnandi kakhulu eRussia futhi isatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke izwe. Nokho, inani labo alilikhulu kangako e-Urals Ephakathi nase-Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Ngakho-ke lapho Intulo yaseSiberia ibhalwe kuRed Book.
AmaSalamanders ahlala ngokukhulu ukushesha ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho kukhona amadamu - imifula, amaxhaphozi noma amachibi. Zingabonakala emahlathini axubekile, ahlanganisayo noma aqinile. Abasabi kakhulu abantu, babevame ukuhlangatshezwa emapaki, eduze kojantshi, futhi abantu basemakhaya bavame ukubabona.
Intulo ayesabi ngisho nokubanda, ngoba ingesinye sezilwane ezimbalwa eziguqulwe ukuze ziphile ku-permafrost. Kunezibonelo zokuthi lezi zinsizwa zachitha kanjani kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100 zisangene, zabe sezibuyela empilweni ngokuyisimangaliso.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Umsebenzi ophambili wale amphibhi omdala uwela engxenyeni yasebusuku yosuku noma ebusuku. Emini, bacasha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhosela futhi balinde ukuqala kobumnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi i-newt ingakhipha amakhala, kodwa ayiziveleli.
Isikhumba sakhe soma masinyane elangeni elivulekile futhi siphenduka sicishe sibe mnyama. Isilwane ngokwaso siba buthakathaka kakhulu futhi sife ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kwama-degree angama-27, ngisho nomthunzi awuyilondolozi intulo; uma kwenzeka kushisa izofa ngisho nasemthunzini.
Kodwa izibungu zentulo aziyeki umsebenzi wazo emini. Abesabi ukomisa isikhumba ngokweqile. Yize isilwane sishintshwa ukuze siphile emakhazeni, kodwa-ke, asikubekezeleli ukubanda lapho siphapheme.
Kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuNovemba (kuya ngokuthi umuntu uhlala kuphi), isilwane sifuna indawo ecashile, ayisihlomisi kakhulu ukuze sikulungele, ngokushesha ibheka indawo esivele isilungiselelwe ubusika, nezindawo zokulala. Ama-newtts wasebusika ajwayelekile kakhulu angatholakala ngaphansi koqweqwe olujiyile lwamaqabunga awile, othulini lweziqu ezindala, ngokhuni olufile, noma kumane kungcwatshwe phansi.
Lapho intulo esimweni sokulala sichitha izinyanga ezi-5 kuye kwezi-8. Kepha iqhwa seliqala ukuncibilika, njengoba izintuthwane ziza ebusweni bomhlaba (Mashi-Juni). Abasabi amakhaza esikhashana, bangazizwa bejabule ngokwanele ngisho nakuma-0 degrees.
Ukuzivumelanisa okumangazayo nesithwathwa akukwazeki ukuheha ososayensi. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwenziwa ngalezi zilwane, lapho kudalwe khona izimo zokufakelwa ezinokushisa kwama-35-40 degrees ngaphansi kuka-zero. Futhi abafikanga abafanga. Umzimba uyakwazi ukusebenza noma usesimweni sokulala isikhathi eside (izithombe ezimisiwe). AmaSalamanders atholakala, ngawodwana nangamaqembu amancane.
Yondla intulo yaseSiberia
Ukudla okuyisisekelo abathandayo Siqukethe izibungu, izibungu, ama-molluscs nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingabanjwa. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama lapho i-newt ivame ukuhlala khona, kunokudla okwanele, ngakho-ke ayinandawo yokuphuthuma futhi ayinyakazi ngokushesha. Izimbungulu noma izibungu azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngejubane lokuhamba, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, intulo ayikayishintshi i- "gait" yayo amakhulu eminyaka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokushesha nje lapho ama-salamanders aphuma ebusika, ngokushesha aqala inqubo yokuzala. Okokuqala, imidlalo yokukhwelana iyaqala, noma kunalokho, "ukusebenza kombukiso". Owesilisa udinga ukudonsela ukunakekela kowesifazane emuntwini wakhe, ngakho-ke uthola igatsha, alizungeze bese eqala ukupotoza umsila wakhe, ekhombisa ukuthi unekhono, unekhono kangakanani futhi ukulungele kangakanani ukuqhubeka nohlobo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi inamathisela uhlobo lwesaka olunamaqanda egatsheni, kuthi owesilisa afake i-capsule ene-spermatozoa ngaphezulu kwalesi sikhwama seqanda. Ngaphandle, izikhwama ezinjalo zibukeka njengezintambo ezisontekile ngokomoya. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kepha kaningi kwenzeka ukuthi izikhwama ezinamaqanda zinamathiselwe ngabesifazane abaningana ngasikhathi sinye, okungukuthi, kuneqembu elizalanayo.
Isikhathi siyahamba, izikhwama ziyavuvukala futhi zikhule. Esikhwameni esinjalo kungaba namaqanda amnyama ayi-14, kanti angu-170 - ukuzala kowesifazane ngamunye kukodwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenzalo yesikhathi esizayo kuxhomeke ngqo ekushiseni kwamanzi.
Ukufudumala kwamanzi, ngokushesha isibungu sizokwakha. Ngezimo ezifanele zamanzi, izibungu zokuqala zingaqhekeka ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka. Njengomthetho, sonke isigaba esivela kwimvelaphi yokuphila kuye ekukhishweni kwesibungu singaphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-2-3.
Isibungu sijwayele kahle impilo yasemanzini. Zinama-gill anezimpaphe athuthukile, ukubhukuda kunesibaya sokugcina futhi kukhona ne-fin phakathi kwezinzwani, efana ne-oar encane. Kepha ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesibungu, lezi zinguquko ziyanyamalala.
Kumqapheli ongenalwazi, isibungu abathandayo izobonakala ifana kakhulu noqweqwe, kepha inhloko ye-newt yesikhathi esizayo incane, futhi ayiyindilinga impela, njengaleyo yonozwani, umzimba uvuleke kakhulu futhi akukho ukuguquka okungazelelwe okunjalo kusuka ekhanda kuye emzimbeni njengasexoxo elizayo.
Futhi kanye nokuziphatha kwesibungu se-newt kuhlukile - engozini encane, iyacasha, ibalekele phansi. Isibungu siyaqikelela kakhulu. Ngenkathi onoshobishobi bangabhukuda ngokungazelelwe kude ibanga elifushane ohlangothini.
Izibungu zihlala emanzini, ngakho-ke azikho engozini yokushisa ngokweqile; uma kwenzeka ukushisa okunamandla, zingacwila phansi kancane. Umsebenzi wabo uphinde uhlobene nalokhu - izibungu azifihli emini futhi zinamandla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, noma kunjalo, zikhetha ukuphumula ebusuku. Ukuze benze lokhu, bacwila phansi bese baqandisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-newts esizayo kwenzeka kuyo yonke inyanga. Ngemuva kwalokho, abasha abasha baya emhlabathini. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngenyanga ka-Agasti. Omncane intulo iqala ukuzingela ngokuzimela emhlabeni, futhi ihola impilo ejwayelekile ye-newt yabantu abadala, ngaphandle kokuvuthwa okukodwa, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu kuphela ubudala. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-newt aphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-13.
