Ikhanda lenyoka - lokhu akulona udrako noma inyoka uGorynych, kodwa inhlanzi edlayo emangalisayo futhi ethokozisayo, abaningi abayiqaphelayo, yize ingeyona ingozi kubantu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inyama enekhanda lenyoka inambitha okumangalisayo futhi inamathambo ambalwa. Ake sifanekise lesi sakhamuzi esingavamile sasemanzini ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, singachazi nje ukubonakala kwaso okungavamile, kepha nemikhuba yezinhlanzi, ukuthanda ukudla, ama-nuances wesikhathi sokuzala kanye nezindawo zokuhlala unomphela.
Umsuka wemfoloko nencazelo
Isithombe: Snakehead
I-Snakehead iyinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti yomndeni we-snakehead wegama elifanayo. Ngokuvamile, kulo mndeni wezinhlanzi, ososayensi bahlukanisa imikhakha emithathu, enye yazo njengamanje ethathwa njengengasekho. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu zamakhanda ezinyoka ziyaziwa, ngayinye yazo inezici zayo ezihlukile.
Sibala ezinye izinhlobo zale nhlanzi, okukhombisa izici zazo:
- i-snakehead yase-Asia ibhekwa njengolaka kakhulu, ubude bayo bungafinyelela ku-30 cm;
- ikhanda lenyoka, elibizwa ngokuthi imfushane, alidluli ubude obungu-20 cm, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuba ngumhlali wase-aquarium;
- i-rainbowheadhead yaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yombala wayo okhanyayo, ubude bayo bomzimba bungu-20 cm kuphela;
- ikhanda elibomvu lenyoka likhulu ngokwanele, lingafinyelela imitha ubude, linamazinyo abukhali abukhali, alikwesabi ukulwa nezinhlanzi ezinkulu;
- i-snakehead enezinyosi ihlukaniswa nomzimba osicaba kamuva, ofinyelela kuma-45 cm ubude;
- ubude benyoka yombuso benkosi bungaba ngu-65 cm;
- i-goldenheadhead ibhekwa njengesilwane esinolaka, ubude bomzimba obuhluka kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-60 cm;
- isici sekhanda lenyoka elibonakalayo ukuthi liyakwazi ukuhlala kuhulumeni wokushisa kwamanzi kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-40 degrees ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa;
- inyoka enombala onsundu inikezwe isikhundla esiyingozi kakhulu futhi enolaka, ifinyelela ebangeni elingaphezu kwemitha, ehlala endaweni yamanzi echibini elivaliwe, ingakalika bonke abanye abantu bayo.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi le nhlanzi eyizingelayo yayibizwa ngokuthi yinhloko yenyoka, ngoba kuzici eziningi zangaphandle ifana nesirhubuluzi, njengolaka futhi esinamazinyo, futhi inomzimba omude. Abathandi bokudoba bazingela i-snakehead ngothando olukhulu, begubha umoya wayo wokulwa namandla amakhulu. Abaningi bayesaba ukudla inyama enekhanda lenyoka, becabanga ukuthi inhlanzi ibukeka sengathi iyakhasa. Konke lokhu kungukubandlululwa okuyisiphukuphuku, ngoba inhlanzi iyinyama, hhayi amathambo, kepha, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi imnandi futhi inomsoco kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Fish Snakehead
Izinhloko zenyoka zinkulu kakhulu, zingafinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude futhi zikala esifundeni esingu-7 kg. Kunolwazi ukuthi ama-specimens atholakele, ubukhulu bawo obungu-30 kg. Inhlanzi inomzimba ohlanganisiwe, onemisipha impela, phakathi nendawo uyehluka ngesimo esiyindilinga, futhi eduze komsila kuyacindezelwa ezinhlangothini. Ikhanda lekhanda lenyoka linamandla, licwecwe, phezulu nangaphezulu, ngesimo lifana nekhanda lesilwane esihuquzelayo, yingakho inhlanzi yabizwa kanjalo. Umzimba nenhloko yezinhlanzi zimbozwe izikali ze-cycloidal. Amehlo enhloko yenyoka aqumbe kancane futhi atholakala ezinhlangothini, eduze komphetho wesifonyo senhlanzi.
Umlomo wezinhlanzi mkhulu, wehlisiwe, ungawuvula ngamandla, ukhombisa amazinyo abukhali futhi ayingozi kakhulu. Umsila, uma uqhathaniswa nawo wonke umzimba, mncane ngosayizi futhi unomphetho womsila oyisiyingi. Uma ubheka ikhanda lenyoka, ungabona masinyane ubukhona bomphetho omude we-dorsal, owelula umzimba wonke ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni uqobo; ingaqukatha imisebe ethambile esukela kuma-50 kuye kuma-53. I-anal fin inemisebe ethambile engama-33 - 38. Umzimba wenyoka upendwe ngesikimu sombala onsundu, lapho amabala ezinyoka ansundu anokuma okungajwayelekile avela kahle. Imivimbo emibili ephawulekayo emnyama isuka emehlweni iye onqenqemeni lwe-operculum.
Ividiyo: Snakehead
Isici esisodwa esikhethekile samakhanda enyoka yikhono lokuphefumula umoya ojwayelekile, osiza izinhlanzi ukuthi ziphile lapho imizimba yamanzi isoma okwesikhashana, kepha isikhathi esingeqile ezinsukwini ezinhlanu. Ngosizo lomzimba wazo oyindilinga, ombozwe amafinyila aminyene, nezitho zokuphefumula ezikhethekile, lezi zinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukugijima ziwele ngotshani ziye endaweni eyakhelene namanzi, engakomi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhloko zezinyoka zinesitho se-supra-gill namasaka omoya akhethekile okuqongelela umoya-mpilo, osakazeka emzimbeni wonke ngemikhumbi. Kunobufakazi bokuthi lapho kuqala isomiso, izinhlanzi zakha into efana nomfece ukulinda lesi sikhathi esingesihle kuso.
Ihlala kuphi inyoka?
Isithombe: Snakehead underwater
Izinhloko zezinyoka ezibukeka ziwubukhazikhazi yizilwane ezidla amanzi angenasawoti ezidla amachibi, izinhlelo zemifula, amachibi anamanzi, njll. Izinhlanzi njengezindawo zamanzi ezikhule kakhulu ezinokujula okungajulile. Ngenxa yokuthi izihloko zezinyoka ziyakwazi ukumunca umoya, azesabi ukuhlala kulawo manzi lapho kunokuqukethwe okuncane komoya-mpilo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhloko zezinyoka zidinga ukugcwalisa njalo izinqolobane zomoya-mpilo ezivela emoyeni wasemkhathini, ngakho-ke ziyabhukuda ngezikhathi ezithile ebusweni bamanzi. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, lokhu kusongela izinhlanzi ngokufa.
Kukhona inguqulo ekuqaleni eyayinamakhanda enyoka ahlala eNdiya. Le nhlanzi ivame kakhulu emanzini asendaweni eseMpumalanga Ekude. Izinhloko zezinyoka zahlala emanzini kusuka emfuleni iYangtze kuya e-Amur.
Ensimini yezwe lethu, izinhloko zezinyoka zivame ukubanjwa emzimbeni wamanzi wePrimorsky Territory:
- amachibi Khasan futhi Khanka;
- umfula iRazdolnaya;
- Ussuri.
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili, abantu baqala ukufuya amakhanda ezinyoka endaweni ephakathi yeRussia, beletha izinhlanzi ezisencane ezinonyaka ubudala endaweni yaseMoscow Zoo, lapho izinhloko zezinyoka zithunyelwa khona epulazini lezinhlanzi, lapho zanda khona ngempumelelo futhi zangena emfuleni iSyr Darya, kancane kancane zahlala emachibini ase-Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan naseTurkmenistan. Ama-Snakeheads nawo afakwa ezimweni zokufakelwa, ukuhlomisa amachibi ahlukene kulokhu. Ukuze babambe lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo endaweni yazo yemvelo, ama-anglers avame ukuvakashela iVladivostok.
Ngo-2013, kwatholakala inhloko yenyoka e-United States, eyacasula kakhulu izazi zemvelo zaseMelika, ezaqala ukuqothula le nhlanzi eyizilwane ukuze zisindise ichthyofauna yendawo kuyo. Kwezinye izifundazwe (eCalifornia, Maryland, eFlorida), kwavunyelwa ngisho nokuvinjelwa kokugcinwa kwamakhanda ezinyoka ngenxa yobudlova ngokweqile nokudla kwabo. Ngokuqondene namanye amazwe, izihloko zezinyoka zitholakala emanzini ezwekazi lase-Afrika, eChina nase-Indonesia.
Idla ngani ikhanda lenyoka?
Isithombe: Snakehead eRussia
Ukhakhayi lwenyoka lungabizwa ngokufanele njengomhlali wasemanzini ongasuthiseki; ekuminzeni kwalo, lufana ne-rotan. Ekudleni, umhlaseli akanakuzithoba, ukhukhula ngokoqobo konke okuza ngendlela yakhe. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi azithandwa e-USA, ngoba imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi ikhanda lenyoka lidle zonke ezinye izinhlanzi echibini lapho lihlala khona. Inhloko yenyoka ivame ukucasha ngokuqamekela, igijimele ukuhlasela ngejubane lombani lapho isisulu sitholakala, ukuphonsa okunjalo okubulalayo kungaphindwa kaningana. Iningi lamazinyo amancane kakhulu futhi abukhali ashiya isisulu esingahle sibe khona ithuba lokusindiswa.
Ikhanda lenyoka lidla ngenjabulo nangokulangazelela okukhulu:
- ezinye izinhlanzi, zingesabi ukuhlasela izinhlanzi ezinkulu kunaye;
- izibungu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane;
- izinambuzane;
- amaxoxo;
- mayfly.
Uma ikhanda lenyoka linethuba elinjalo, khona-ke ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zomfula kubalulekile ukuzitika ngamagundane namantshontsho ezinyoni. Inhlanzi nayo ngeke izidelele izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu, njengoba idle ikhanda elincane lenyoka ngaphandle kokushaya unembeza. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izidumbu ziyasebenza kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, ngalesi sikhathi amanzi afudumala kahle. Ngo-Agasti, ubuhlalu bezinhlanzi buvele buye esikalini, kubonakala sengathi amakhanda ezinyoka adla yonke into, ngaphandle kokuphithizela. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi zathola isihloko sesilwane esinolaka kakhulu samanzi angenasawoti ePrimorye, ngesifiso esingenakuqedwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yokuthi ikhanda lenyoka lithanda ukudla namaxoxo futhi lithanda amanzi anexhaphozi, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yixoxo.
Uma ukhuluma ngokudoba, kufanelekile ukungeza ukuthi inhloko yenyoka ibanjwa ngenduku yokudoba engezansi (zakidushki), isebenzisa izingibe ezahlukahlukene.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- amaxoxo;
- inhlanzi encane efile;
- inyama yomfula i-shellfish.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Snakeheads
Inhloko yenyoka ayinakubalwa ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifundayo, kepha futhi akufanele ukuthi ukhulume ngokuphila kwenhlanzi kuphela. Izinhlanzi zihlala eduze komunye nomunye, zincintisana ngokudla nendawo ezungezile. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezincane ezincane zibuthana emihlambini emincane, okwenza kube lula ukuzingela, bese zisakazeka echibini, ngasinye sinendawo yaso. Kuvamile ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zicashe ngaphansi kwezingodo, ezimileni eziminyene zasemanzini, ukuze zihlasele kakhulu isisulu lapho siqamekele. Amaphaphu ezinhlanzi anjalo emakhanda ezinyoka imvamisa anodlame, ashesha njengombani, ashesha futhi cishe anembe kakhulu njalo, ngakho-ke ukugeja kwalesi silwane esidla inyama akuvamile.
Uma sikhuluma ngobunjalo benyoka yenyoka, khona-ke ihlukaniswa nolaka lwayo, ukuqiniseka kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo okunesibindi. Le nhlanzi ayesabi ukuhlasela umuntu omkhulu, ekhombisa isibindi namandla ayo. Abadobi baphawula ukuqiniseka namandla ezinhloko zezinyoka, ngakho-ke akulula kangako ukubabamba, udinga ukukhombisa ukubekezela nobuqili. Akufanele ubambe ikhanda lenyoka ekuseni ngovivi, liqala ukukhonkotha eduze kwesidlo sakusihlwa, lapho inkanyezi eshisayo iphakeme ngokwanele. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, izinhlanzi zizama ukubhukuda ziye emthunzini, zikhuphukele ezihlahleni ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Abathandi bezokudoba baqaphela ukuthi intukuthelo yekhanda lenyoka inenkani, futhi isimo siyashintsha. Emini, umhlaseli uyasebenza, uxosha izinhlanzi ezincane, athumele amanzi. Ngemuva kwezikhathi ezithile, inhlanzi isondela eduze komhlaba ukuze ibeke oksijini. Lapho sekusondele isikhathi sesidlo sasemini, izihloko zezinyoka zivame ukubhukuda ziye ngasogwini, lapho kunezinhlayiya eziningi khona. Ngokususelwe kokungenhla, kufanele kungezwe ukuthi isimilo senhloko yenyoka sipholile impela, siyalwa, isimo siyisidlakela, asihlaliseki futhi sinolaka, futhi imvelo inenhliziyo embi futhi ayaneliseki.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Fish Snakehead
Izinhloko zezinyoka ezivuthiwe ngokobulili zisondela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Ubude bomzimba wabo kule minyaka bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-35 ubude. Imbewu iyadlula lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihluka kusuka kuma-degree angama-18 kuye kwangama-23 ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isihloko senyoka esimangalisayo sakha indawo yokwakha isidleke ngesikhathi sokuzala, sisebenzisa izimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi ukuze zakhiwe. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa ngokujula kwamamitha, sifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-100.
Isidleke sakhiwe ukuze sikhiqize amaqanda kuso, lapho kubonakala khona izinhlayiya ezinamafutha, okuvumela amaqanda ukuthi antante ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Izinhloko zezinyoka zesifazane zivundile kakhulu, ngenkathi eyodwa zingabeka amaqanda kahlanu, amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 kudoti owodwa. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi inhlanzi izale kanye ngesizini, konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala ethile. Izibungu zizalwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izinhloko zezinyoka zingabizwa ngokuthi abazali abakhathalelayo nabakhathazekile. Zitshalelwa eduze kwendawo yokwakha izidleke kuze kube yilapho izibungu ziphenduka gazinga. Izinhloko zezinyoka ezivuthiwe zisebenzisa amaphiko azo ukudala ukugeleza kwamanzi njalo. Abazali bavikela ngokungakhathali izingane zabo, bavikele ngokucophelela impahla kubantu abangafuni nokuhlasela izivakashi ezingamenyiwe, ngisho nosayizi abakhulu kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lokunakekelwa luqinisekisa izinga eliphakeme lokusinda lenzalo eningi.
Izinkathi zesikhathi eziningana zingahlukaniswa, okukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhanda ezinyoka:
- isikhathi sombuso njengamaqanda sithatha izinsuku ezimbili;
- izibungu ze-snakehead ezingahambi kahle ezivela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-4;
- endimeni yokubhukuda okuthosiwe eqashwe abesilisa, izinhloko zezinyoka zifika cishe amasonto amabili.
Phakathi namasonto okuqala, amafry asusa isaka elinamafutha, afinyelela kubude obungu-1 cm, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, aphindeka kabili ngobude. Imenyu yokuqala yethanga le-snakehead iqukethe ulwelwe ne-plankton. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamazinyo, izinhlanzi ezincane zishintshela ekudleni kwezilwane, ziphishekela izakhamizi ezahlukahlukene, ezincane, zasemanzini. Lapho inzalo incibilika ibe yinto ezimele, abazali bangaqala kabusha inqubo yokuzala kabusha.
Izitha zemvelo zamakhanda ezinyoka
Isithombe: Snakehead emfuleni
Cishe kunoma imuphi umzimba wamanzi, inhloko yenyoka ayinabo abafisa okubi, le nhlanzi ayihlukaniswa nobumnandi nesizotha, ngakho-ke, izokwenqaba noma yisiphi isitha. Kuvamile ngamakhanda ezinyoka ukumelana ngobudlova nanoma imuphi umakhelwane ongathandeki kubo, abasinde ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama. Ngenxa yobudlova nokuzala kwabo, amandla okuzala ngokushesha, izinhloko zezinyoka cishe kuwo wonke umzimba wamanzi lapho bahlala khona, bahlala endaweni evelele, kuqeda yonke ichthyofauna ebazungezile ngenxa ye-voracity yabo engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili.
Lesi silwi esingenasihawu sinezimbangi eziningi zokudla, konke kuncike kulokhu noma kulolo hlobo lwedamu. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinkulu zamanzi, lapho kungekho khona amahlathi kanye nenani elikhulu lamanzi angajulile, i-pike iyanqoba empini yezinsiza zokudla. Kulezo zindawo lapho kutholakala khona izishingishane ezijulile nezinodaka, kunokukhula okuningi kwasogwini, i-catfish enamamaki amade futhi eqinile iphumelela empini yokudla. I-Snakehead ibhekwa njengengenakunqotshwa emanzini azolile futhi angajulile, ngaphansi kwawo embozwe ama-snags namahlathi.
Ngokungangabazeki, esinye sezitha eziyinhloko zekhanda lenyoka umuntu obamba le nhlanzi ngenxa yenyama yayo emnandi, equkethe cishe amathambo. Inani elikhulu lezitsha lingalungiswa kusuka ekhanda lenyoka, inhlanzi inomsoco kakhulu futhi icebile ngamaminerali namavithamini ahlukahlukene (i-phosphorus, i-calcium, ama-amino acid). Into esemqoka lapha ukuphatha ubuciko bokupheka nezimfihlo zokupheka le nhlanzi engajwayelekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhloko zezinyoka ziminzile, zidla yonke into ngokungakhethi, zithanda amanzi angamanzi amile, ngakho-ke inyama yazo ingaqukatha inani elikhulu lama-parasites, kufanele uqaphele ngokukhipha le nhlanzi nokwelapha ukushisa. Ukugeza amathuluzi nezandla ngemuva kokukhipha isidumbu kuyimpoqo, futhi ibhodi lokusika livamiswa ngamanzi abilayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Snakehead eKazakhstan
Ngenxa yesilinganiso sokuzala esingakholeki, indalo enobudlova nenempilo, inani le-snakehead lihlala likhulu futhi alidingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela okwamanje. Kwezinye izimo, ngokuphambene nalokho, bazama ukuqeda le nhlanzi edlayo ize igcwalise lonke ichibi futhi igwinye zonke ezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini. Lokhu kunjalo e-United States, lapho le nhlanzi edlayo ibhekwa njengesinambuzane kwezinye izindawo zamanzi, ichthyofauna yayo ehlushwa yimpilo enobudlova nokuminza yokhakhayi. Kwamanye amazwe, ukuzalaniswa kwalesi silwane esidla izinhlanzi akuvunyelwe.
Inombolo enkulu yamakhanda ezinyoka nayo ingenxa yokuthi izinga lokusinda lenzalo yalo liphakeme kakhulu, ngoba Abantu abadala (abazali) bakhombisa ukumkhathalela okumangazayo, bengavikeli amaqanda kuphela, kodwa futhi namafry. Ososayensi bezemvelo nabo bakhathazekile ngesimo emanzini echibi laseKazakh Balkhash, lapho ikhanda lenyoka landa kakhulu, lisongela ezinye izakhamuzi zechibi ngokunyamalala ngokuphelele.Ungakhohlwa ngokusinda kwekhanda lenyoka, elikwazi ukuba semzimbeni wamanzi afriziwe, lapho amanzi aqukethe umoya-mpilo omncane kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi inhlanzi ikwazi ukuphefumula umoya osemkhathini, ingaphila cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu emzimbeni owomile, kanti nekhanda lenyoka nalo lingakhasa lingene endaweni eyakhelene namanzi, lingathintwa yisomiso.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza lokho okumangazayo, okungavamile, okubabazayo nokunolaka ikhanda lenyoka ubabaza, futhi wethuse abaningi, ngokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile nobudlwangudlwangu, nobuntu obuhle. Kepha ungesabi lohlali wasemanzini, ongabeki songo kubantu, kepha, kunalokho, unenyama enambithekayo, enempilo futhi enomsoco esetshenziselwa ukulungisa zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/29/2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 15.02.2020 ngo-0: 39
