Obani ama-trilobites?
Ama-Trilobites - kuphelile isigaba ama-arthropods okuqala ukuvela emhlabeni. Bahlala ezilwandle zasendulo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-250,000,000 edlule. Ama-paleontologists athola izinsalela zawo kuyo yonke indawo.
Abanye baze bagcina imibala yabo yokuphila. Cishe kunoma imuphi umnyuziyamu ungathola le mibukiso emangalisayo, abanye bayayiqoqa ekhaya. ngakho-ke ama-trilobites kungabonakala kokuningiisithombe.
Bathola amagama abo esakhiweni somzimba wabo. Igobolondo labo lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba kokubili ubude nobude. Lezi zilwane zangaphambi komlando zazisakazeke futhi zihlukahlukene kakhulu.
Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-10 000. Ngakho-ke, ngokufanele bakholelwa ukuthi inkathi Paleozoic - inkathi trilobites. Bafa eminyakeni engama-230 ml edlule, ngokusho kweminye yemibono: zazidliwa ngokuphelele ezinye izilwane zasendulo.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ama-trilobites
Incazelo ukubukeka trilobite ngokuya ngokutholwe okuhlukahlukene nocwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi. Isidumbu sesilwane sangaphambi komlando sathanjiswa. Futhi embozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile, eliqukethe izingxenye eziningi.
Ubukhulu balezi zidalwa busuka ku-5 mm (conocoryphus) kuya ku-81 cm (isotelus). Izimpondo noma imicu emide yayingatholakala esihlangu. Ezinye zezinhlobo zazingasonga imizimba yazo ethambile, zizimboze ngegobolondo. Ukuvulwa komlomo kwakuse-peritoneum.
Igobolondo laliphinda futhi linamathisele izitho zangaphakathi. Kuma-trilobite amancane, bekuyi-chitin nje. Futhi kwezinkulu, iphinde yakhuleliswa nge-calcium carbonate, ukuthola amandla amakhulu.
Ikhanda lalinokumila okuyindilinga, futhi limbozwe ngesihlangu esikhethekile, lisebenza njengezikhali zesisu, inhliziyo nobuchopho. Lezi zitho ezibalulekile, ngokusho kososayensi, zazitholakala kuyo.
Izitho zomzimba zinayo ama-trilobites wenza imisebenzi eminingana: imoto, ukuphefumula nokuhlafuna. Ukukhethwa kwesinye sazo kwakuxhomeke endaweni okwakhiwe kuyo amatende. Zonke zazithambe kakhulu ngakho-ke azivamile ukugcinwa ezinsaleleni.
Kodwa okumangalisa kakhulu kulezi zilwane kwakuyizinzwa, noma kunalokho amehlo. Ezinye izinhlobo bezingenazo nhlobo: bezihlala emanzini anodaka noma ekujuleni ezansi. Abanye babenemilenze eqinile: lapho ama-trilobite azingcwaba esihlabathini, amehlo awo ahlala ebusweni.
Kepha into eyinhloko ukuthi babenesakhiwo esinezici eziyinkimbinkimbi. Esikhundleni selensi ejwayelekile, babenamalensi enziwe ngamaminerali calcite. Ingxenye yamehlo ibekwe ngendlela yokuthi ama-arthropod abe ne-angle engama-360 degree degree.
Esithombeni, iso le-trilobite
Izitho zokuthinta kuma-trilobites bezizimpondo ezinde - izimpondo ekhanda nasondele emlonyeni. Indawo okwakuhlala kuyo le arthropods ikakhulukazi yayisolwandle, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zaziphila futhi zibhukuda ku-algae. Kuneziphakamiso zokuthi kwakukhona nezinhlobo ezihlala kukholamu yamanzi.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuthi ama-trilobite ahlala ngasiphi isikhathi
Okokuqala ama-trilobites uvele kuCambrian isikhathi, lapho-ke lesi sigaba saqala ukuchuma. Kepha esikhathini seCarboniferous, baqala ukufa kancane kancane. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yePaleozoic, zanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba.
Cishe, la ma-arthropods ekuqaleni avela emndenini waseVendian. Kuqhubeka ukuvela kwama-trilobites ithole isigaba se-caudal nekhanda, asihlukaniswanga ngezigaba, kepha simbozwe ngegobolondo elilodwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umsila wanda, kanye nekhono lokugoba lavela. Kwadingeka lapho ama-cephalopods evela futhi eqala ukudla lawa ma-arthropods.
Ezweni lanamuhla, i-niche engenamuntu yama-trilobites ibithathwa ngama-isopods (isopods). Zibukeka zifana nezinhlobo ezingasekho, ezihluke kuphela ezimpondweni eziwugqinsi eziqukethe izingxenye ezinkulu. Ukuvela ama-trilobites ube nokuhle inani zokuthuthukisa umhlaba wezilwane futhi zafaka umfutho ekuveleni kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Konke ukuthuthukiswa kwama-trilobites kwenzeka ngokusho kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngendlela yokukhethwa kwemvelo, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezilula ze-arthropods, kwavela ezinye eziyinkimbinkimbi - "eziphelele". Ukuphela kokuphikiswa kwale hypothesis ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokumangazayo kweso le-trilobite.
Lezi zilwane ezingasekho zazinohlelo olubonakalayo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, iso lomuntu alinakuqhathaniswa nalo. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazi ukuxazulula le mpicabadala. Futhi basikisela nokuthi uhlelo olubonakalayo ludlulela enkingeni yokwehla ngesikhathi sokuvela.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-Trilobite nokukhiqiza kabusha
Kwakunezinhlobo eziningi zama-trilobites, futhi indlela yokudla nayo yayihlukahlukene. Abanye badla udaka, abanye iplankton. Kepha ezinye bezizizilwane, yize bekungenayo imihlathi ejwayelekile. Badla ukudla okunamatende.
Esithombeni isotelus trilobite
Kulesi sakamuva, izinsalela zezidalwa ezifana nezikelemu, izipanji kanye nama-brachiopods zitholwe esiswini. Kucatshangwa ukuthi zazizingela futhi zidle izidalwa ezihlala emhlabathini. Kungenzeka ama-trilobites udle futhi ama-amoni... Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukutholakala eduze nezinsalela ezitholakele.
Behlola izinsalela, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ama-trilobite ayengabobulili obuhlukile. Lokhu kufakazelwa yisikhwama se-hatch esatholakala. Kusuka eqandeni elibekiwe, isibungu saqala ukuchanyuselwa, cishe imilimitha ngosayizi futhi saqala ukuhamba kancane kukholamu lamanzi.
Wayenomzimba wonke. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ihlukaniswa ngokushesha ibe izingxenye ezi-6. Ngaphezu kwesikhathi esithile sokuphila, kwenzeka ama-molts amaningi, ngemuva kwalokho usayizi womzimba we-trilobite wanda ngokungeza isigaba esisha. Lapho ifinyelele esimweni esigcwele, i-arthropod yaqhubeka nokuncibilika, kepha yamane yanda ngosayizi.
