Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Sizobheka ihansi likabhontshisi wasendle, izici zalo, indlela yokuphila nezinyathelo zokuvikela le nyoni kulesi sihloko. Omunye wabamele abathandekayo bezilwane zasendle zezinyoni ngu ubhontshisi webhontshisi. Inyoni kungokwe-oda le-Anseriformes.
Ekuboneni okungenhla, kungabonakala sengathi lokhu kuyihansi elijwayelekile elimpunga. Kepha uma kuhlolisiswa, umehluko ungabonakala ngokwanele. Ubukhulu bezinyoni ezinjalo bukhulu kakhulu: abesilisa bavame ukuba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-5 kg, yize abesifazane bavame ukuba bancane.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona ku- isithombe sikabhontshisi, uqhwaku lwalezi zidalwa lumnyama, lunomugqa owolintshi ogijima ngobude maphakathi, nezimpaphe zesisu zihlukaniswa ngohlelo lombala omhlophe. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zihlukaniswe ososayensi baba ama-subspecies amaningana. ubhontshisi wamahansi, Okumpunga ngemibala e-brownish - umbala ojwayelekile wezimpaphe zazo wehluke kakhulu ekuqineni kombala.
Izindawo zabo ezizithandayo zokwakha izidleke nazo zihlukile, njengezinye izimpawu. Lezi zinyoni ezifudukayo zikhetha ukuchitha inkathi evumayo ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zezwekazi lase-Eurasia, zisabalale zisuka endaweni yaseGreenland ziye eMpumalanga Ekude.
Bavame ukuthuthela emazweni afudumele aseYurophu ebusika. Futhi futhi ulinde umkhuhlane onamandla, ubhontshisi ubhontshisi bukhoma kude empumalanga kuze kufike ezingxenyeni zeJapane neChina. Indawo yokuhlala evamile yalezi zinyoni ubukhulu be-tundra, lapho kuhlala khona ihansi kabhontshisi, kugcwala emabhange amadamu, imifudlana yezintaba zamahlathi namachibi, amaxhaphozi ambozwe ubulembu nezigodi zemifula.
Ubhontshisi onama-short kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezincane zezinhlobo zezinyoni esizichazayo. Lezi zinyoni ekubukekeni kwazo zihlukaniswa ngombala obomvana wezitho nemivimbo ngoqhwaku olufushane kakhulu, kanye nemibala ekhanyayo yezimpaphe. Ubude bomzimba walezi zinyoni bungamasentimitha angama-70, kanti isisindo silinganiselwa ku-2,5 kg, kwezinye izimo kungaphezulu kancane.
Izinyoni ezinkudlwana zingama-subspecies wehansi kabhontshisi wehlathi. Kwezinye izimo, ubukhulu bazo bufinyelela ku-90 cm, kanti isisindo sazo sifinyelela ku-4.5 kg. Ububanzi bombala wezimpaphe bunama-brown ne-ocher shades, izinhlangothi zimnyama, isisu simhlophe. Njengabo bonke abamele lolu hlobo, ubhontshisi wehlathi inomlomo omabili-ithoni.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Njengenyoni yamanzi ubhontshisi webhontshisi ngasikhathi sinye, ayihlanganisiwe kakhulu nemvelo yasemanzini. Imvamisa zibhukuda kusihlwa, zichithe usuku lonke emhlabathini, lapho zizizwa kahle khona, zihamba ngokushesha futhi zigxume phakathi kwezimfunda.
Futhi noma kwenzeka ingozi, ubhontshisi kabhontshisi uzoqala ukubaleka kunokujaha ukuhlenga emanzini, yize ezizwa ekhululekile lapho, ebhukuda futhi edilika kahle.
Lezi zinyoni zincola kanye kuphela ngonyaka, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulisa amaphuphu. Ngalezo zikhathi, izinyoni zilwela, kanye namazinyane azo, ukuthuthela ezindaweni eziyizithulu nezingenakufinyeleleka, ikakhulukazi zikhetha izimfunda ezinotshani obuphansi ukuze zihlale kuzo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zizama ukuzigcina zinemihlambi emikhulu, futhi izindawo zazo, njengomthetho, zivikelwa ngomona ngonogada bamahansi. Abantu abasha baqala ukuncibilika kuqala, futhi le nqubo yenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezinyoni ezikhule ngokwengeziwe.
Ukudla
Ukutshala ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kuyisisekelo sokudla kwazo. Kubandakanya imifino, amakhambi kanye namajikijolo ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, ezisendaweni ephakeme ukusuka emhlabathini.
Ukwenza izindiza zasekwindla, amahansi asendle anethuba lokukanisa ezindaweni ezicebile ngokudla okulungele bona: emasimini okusanhlamvu nelayisi, nakwamanye amasimu nezingadi zemifino. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha adla nokudla kwezilwane njengokudla: ama-mollusk, amaqanda ezinhlanzi, izinambuzane ezincane ezahlukahlukene.
Ukubuthana emihlambini emikhulu ezindaweni zokondla, lezi zinyoni zenza umsindo omkhulu, futhi amazwi wehansi kabhontshisi angazwakala ebangeni elingamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Akunakwenzeka nakancane ukusondela ezinyoni eziklabayo kude nje, ngoba umhlambi uhlala uqashwe ngezikhathi ezinjalo ngabalindi abaqaphile.
Imvamisa bangamalungu epakethe avuthiwe, anolwazi. Futhi uma kunengozi, benza imisindo exwayisayo enkulu. Izwi likabhontshisi kufana nokuthwala i-goose empunga futhi kuzwakala ngokusobala izinyoni ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izidleke zikabhontshisi zingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke insimu yezwe lethu, ezinwebeka phakathi kwamahlathi e-tundra, afaka iziqhingi ezibandayo, ezimbozwe iqhwa laphakade lolwandle olusenyakatho. Izinyoni ezinjalo zifika ezindaweni ezikhethelwe ukuzalela amachwane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi lapho ukuvimba kweqhwa nokugcina iqhwa kushiye ngemuva kobusika kungakancibiliki ngokuphelele.
Futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho amabhandeshi emihlambi ezindizayo yalezi goose zasendle angabonwa khona esibhakabhakeni. Ukukhetha izindawo ezomile phakathi kwe-tundra, kuma-hummock, ama-hillocks namagquma akude kakhulu nemizimba yamanzi, ezindaweni ezigcwele i-willow ne-moss ezingavamile, izinyoni, ezihlukaniswe ngababili, ziqala ukuhlomisa izidleke zazo.
Ziyizinyoni ezizodwa. Uma zifika ekwakhiweni kwazo, izinyoni zinyathela ngokucophelela indawo eziyikhethile. Ngemuva kwalokho bakhipha ukucindezeleka okuncane kuwo. Ngokulandelayo, aqala ukwakha isidleke, esebenzisa izinsalela zohlaza lwangonyaka odlule njengezinto zokwakha.
Futhi owesifazane ubeka izindonga zendlu zamantshontsho esikhathi esizayo ngezimpaphe bese wehla emzimbeni wakhe, azikhiphe ngokucophelela. Owesilisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, usiza intombi yakhe kuyo yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa, kanye nokuqhubeka nokukhulisa nokukhulisa amawundlu.
Usebenza njengesivikelo kanye nokuvikela umndeni wakhe, ehlala ngaso sonke isikhathi eseduze futhi exwayisa ngengozi. Uma kunezimo ezingathandeki, izinyoni ziqikelela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudlela. Futhi lapho kuvela izitha, azijahi ukubaleka, zizifihla futhi zicashe zinganakiwe ngemuva kwezwe elizungezile le-tundra.
Amaqanda amatshwele esikhathi esizayo, avame ukuba nezicucu eziyisithupha, insikazi iqala ukubekela cishe amasonto amathathu ngemuva kokuba izinyoni zifikile ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. La maqanda anesisindo esingaphezu nje kuka-10 amagremu futhi anombala obomvu, ehlotshiswe ngephethini enamachashazi.
Ngokushesha nje lapho amawundlu esechanyuselwe, afudunyezwa futhi omiswa, wonke umndeni wezinyoni ushiya isidleke uthuthele eziqhingini noma ezigodini zemifula eziseduze kakhulu nezimfunda ezicebile emahlathini nasezihlahlaneni zemithi.
Amachwane amancane ezindaweni ezinjalo akuthola kulula ukucashela izitha zawo. Njengoba amawundlu ekhula ngokushesha, abazali baya ngokulangazelela ukuwasondeza eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Ngokwemvelo, lezi zinyoni aziphili ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, kepha uma zigcinwe ekuthunjweni, zingaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukuvikelwa kabhontshisi
Ihansi kabhontshisi ibhekwa ngokufanele njengehansi lasendle elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane zasekhaya. Kubazingeli abazimisele, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lubhekwa njengesisulu esingandile. Naphezu kwendawo yokuhlala ebanzi, inani lezinyoni alibalulekile nakancane.
Kepha, ukuzingela ubhontshisi kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni. Icebo elingcono kakhulu kubazingeli ukulandela umkhondo lapho zidla khona lezi zinyoni, lapho zihlangana khona ngemihlambi emikhulu. Abazingeli bavame ukusebenzisaukukhohlisa ngobhontshisi futhi ukuyiphatha kuwubuciko bangempela.
Uma kusetshenziswe ngokungalungile, umphumela olindelekile ungaphikisana kakhulu. Futhi izinyoni eziqaphelayo, zibona ingozi, zizophenduka isisulu somzingeli esingatholakali. Abazingeli abanolwazi bavame ukusebenzisa i-scarecrow njengesithiyo. ubhontshisi wehansi, thenga okungekho nzima nhlobo ezitolo ezikhethekile noma kwi-Intanethi.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kuzingelwa, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe nakancane ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Futhi inyama emnandi yalezi zinyoni akusona neze isizathu sokubhujiswa kwazo. Isibonelo, inani labantu base-Upper Amur balezi zinhlobo lincipha kakhulu. Isimo esibucayi sale nyoni kwezinye izifunda sidinga ukutadishwa ngokucophelela nokwamukelwa kwezinyathelo zokuvikela izinyoni.
Ngaphezu kokuzingela okunamandla, usayizi wabantu uphinda uthonywe kakhulu yizimo zemvelo nezimo zendawo yabo, izinguquko ezihambisana nemisebenzi yabantu. Njengamanje ubhontshisi wasendle kufakwe eNcwadini Ebomvu.
