Guillemot waba yilungu lomndeni omkhulu kunawo wonke emndenini wama-auks, ngemuva kokuthi bonke abantu bezinhlobo zama-loon angenazimpiko baphela. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu, cishe ngazimbili ezi-3 ngazimbili kuphela ogwini lwaseRussia, mayelana nenyoni ye-guillemot amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo nathokozisayo ayaziwa.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Inyoni yeGuillemot ulwandle, futhi impilo yakhe yonke idlula onqenqemeni lweqhwa elikhukhulekayo kanye namawa acwebile. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, amakoloni ezinyoni angafinyelela osayizi bamashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Lolu hlobo oluvela ku-oda le-Charadriiformes lunosayizi omncane (37-48 cm) nesisindo (ngokwesilinganiso cishe esingu-1 kg).
Izimpiko ezincane azinikezi ithuba lokusuka endaweni, yingakho zikhetha ukugxuma eweni (kwesinye isikhathi ziqhekeka emanzini asezingeni eliphansi) noma zigijime ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-guillemots, afana ngezindlela eziningi: ukubukeka, ukudla, indawo yokuhlala (bangahlala eduze futhi bahlangane endaweni yekholoni eyodwa yezinyoni).
Ikholoni yezinyoni zezinyoni ze-guillemot
Njengoba inyoni yazo zombili lezi zinhlobo ibukeka icishe ifane (umehluko ukhona ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela), bekucatshangwa ukuthi zingaxubana, kepha lokhu kwavela kungalungile - ama-guillemot akhetha abalingani bawo kuphela bezinhlobo zawo. I-Slender-billed, noma ekhokhiswe isikhathi eside (i-Uria aalqe), ingxenye enkulu ihlala ogwini lweNorth Pacific Ocean nase-Atlantic.
Eningizimu, inani labantu lisakazekela ePortugal. Ehlobo, umbala omnyama onsundu ukhona ezincwadini naseziqongweni zamaphiko, umsila, emuva nasekhanda. Iningi lomzimba ongezansi nesisu kumhlophe; ebusika, indawo engemuva kwamehlo nesilevu ingeziwe.
Esithombeni, i-guillemot ikhokhisiwe ngomzimba omncane
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokuhlukahluka kombala kwe-guillemot, enezindilinga ezimhlophe ezungeze amehlo, umugqa okhanyayo osuka uye phakathi kwekhanda. Izinyoni ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-guillemot akhanyayo, yize kungewona ama-subspecies ahlukile (akhona kuphela ama-guillemot aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic nasePacific).
Okukhokhiswa okujiyile, noma okufushane (Uria lomvia) inyoni ye-guillemot arctic, ngakho-ke, ikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho. Izindawo ezidume kakhulu eziseningizimu azisondeli kuneSakhalin, iziQhingi zaseKuril, i-Iceland, neGreenland.
Ihlukile kozakwabo ngesisindo sayo esikhulu (kufika ku-1.5 kg). Kukhona futhi umehluko omncane kumbala wophaphe: phezulu kumnyama (kucishe kube mnyama), imingcele yombala icacile, kunemivimbo emhlophe oqhwaku. Kukhona ama-subspecies amaningana, ahlukaniswe ngokwendawo yawo - iSiberia, iChukotka, iBeringov, i-Atlantic.
Esithombeni kuboniswe i-guillemot
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
UGuillemot uyinyoni yase-Arctic, okusho ukuthi, njengeningi lazo, lihola indlela yokuphila yamakholoni, ngoba yilokhu okusiza ukufudumala esimweni sezulu esibi (kufika ku-20 ngazimbili ngemitha eyisikwele). Ngaphandle kokuthi zombili lezi zinhlobo zingahlala ndawonye, ngokuvamile, ama-murres ayizinyoni ezixabanayo nezinamahloni, asebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.
Bazwana kahle kuphela nabamele abakhulu bezilwane zase-Arctic, ngokwesibonelo, ne-cormorants yase-Atlantic, esiza ekuhlaselweni kwezilwane ezidlayo. Njenganoma iyiphi inyoni yasolwandle yokuntywila, i-guillemot iyakwazi ukubhukuda ngamaphiko akho. Usayizi wayo omncane usiza ukugcina isivinini esikhulu nokulinganisela okuhle lapho uhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi.
UKaira ubeka iqanda elilodwa ohlangothini lwewa
Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi ehlobo guillemot uyaphila onqenqemeni olunamadwala ezimweni eziminyene kakhulu, zithanda ukuhlala ebusika ngamaqembu amancane, noma zodwa zodwa. Izinyoni zihlala ngalesi sikhathi kuma-polynyas ahlukene noma eduze komphetho weqhwa. Ukulungiselela izinyanga zasebusika kuqala ekupheleni kuka-Agasti: iphuphu selikulungele ukulandela umzali.
Ukudla
Njengama-ichthyophages amaningi, inyoni ye-guillemot yondla hhayi izinhlanzi kuphela. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo, ukudla kwalo ehlobo kugcwaliswa ngenani elikhulu lama-crustaceans, izibungu zasolwandle (ama-guillemots amancane), noma i-krill, ama-molluscs nama-gill amabili (ama-guillemots amakhulu).
Abanye abantu bangadla kuze kufike ku-320 amagremu ngosuku. Inyoni yeGuillemot, isithombe okuyinto evame ukwenziwa ngezinhlanzi ngomlomo wayo, ingagwinya ngokuthula izisulu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukudla kwayo ebusika kusekelwe ku-cod, herring yase-Atlantic, capelin nezinye izinhlanzi ngosayizi ongu-5-15 cm.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Guillemots aqala ukwakha isidleke kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngoMeyi. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho izinsikazi zibekela iqanda elilodwa emigqeni yamadwala engenalutho. Bakhethe kakhulu ekukhetheni indawo, njengoba kufanele kugcinwe imithetho eminingana ezovumela iphuphu ukuthi ligcine futhi lisinde ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kanjalo. Isidleke akufanele sibe ngaphandle kwemingcele yendawo yezinyoni, sitholakale okungenani amamitha ama-5 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi, ngangokunokwenzeka, sisondele enkabeni yezindawo zokwakha izidleke.
Esithombeni, amaqanda enyoni ye-guillemot
I-plus eyengeziwe, esiza ekugcineni i-clutch, iyisikhungo esidonsela phansi samandla adonsela phansi kanye nesimo seqanda esimise okweqanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, akusuki ohlangothini, kodwa kuyabuya, kuzungeza umbuthano. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlunga kuqala kakade kulesi sigaba: ukuqala ukuxabana nomakhelwane, abanye abazali ngokwabo baphonsa iqanda elilodwa phansi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi umbala wamaqanda ungawodwana, ovumela ama-guillemot ukuthi angenzi iphutha futhi azitholele awabo esixukwini lapho bachitha khona izinyanga zasehlobo. Imvamisa iba mpunga, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okotshani, yize kukhona futhi abamhlophe, abanamachashazi ahlukahlukene noma ukumakwa okunsomi nokumnyama.
Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala izinsuku ezingama-28-36, ngemuva kwalokho bobabili abazali bondla iphuphu ngamanye amasonto ama-3. Lapho-ke kufika isikhathi lapho ukukhononda sekuvele kunzima ukuphatha umthamo owandayo wokudla futhi ingane idinga ukweqa phansi. Njengoba amaphuphu engakakhuli ngokwanele, okunye kokugxuma kugcina ngokufa.
Esithombeni, iphuphu le-guillemot
Kepha, nokho, iningi lezingane liyasinda, ngenxa yengqimba enqwabelene naphansi, futhi lijoyina oyise ukuya endaweni ebusika (abesifazane bazijoyina kamuva). Isikhathi sokuphila esisemthethweni se-guillemot yiminyaka engama-30. Kepha kunemininingwane yabantu abaneminyaka engama-43 ososayensi ababathola.
