U-Euglena oluhlaza libhekisela ezilwaneni ezilula, siqukethe ingqamuzana elilodwa. Kungokwesigaba sama-flagellate ohlobo lwe-sarcoccus bugs. Imibono yososayensi ukuthi umbuso ungowuphi umbuso ihlukene phakathi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lesi yisilwane, kanti abanye bathi i-euglena yi-algae, okungukuthi, ezitshalweni.
Kungani i-euglena iluhlaza ukubize ngokuluhlaza? Kulula: U-Euglena uthole igama lakhe ngokubukeka kwakhe okumangazayo. Njengoba kungenzeka uqagele, lesi sidalwa singumbala ogqamile oluhlaza ngenxa ye-chlorophyll.
Izici, isakhiwo nendawo yokuhlala
U-Euglena oluhlaza, isakhiwo okunzima kakhulu nge-microorganism, ihlukaniswa ngomzimba ohlangene nengxenye ebukhali emuva. Ubukhulu bezinto ezilula buncane: ubude bezinto ezilula kakhulu abudluli kuma-micrometer ayi-60, futhi ububanzi obuqabukela bufinyelela uphawu lwama-micrometer ayi-18 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, ingabonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, esisesitolo seMicromed S-11. Elula kakhulu linomzimba ohambayo ongashintsha ukuma kwawo. Uma kunesidingo, i-microorganism ingavumelana noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yande.
Ngaphezulu, i-protozoan imbozwe okuthiwa yi-pellicle, evikela umzimba emathonyeni angaphandle. Ngaphambi kwe-microorganism kukhona i-tourniquet esiza ukuthi ihambe, kanye nendawo yamehlo.
Akuwona wonke ama-euglens asebenzisa i-tourniquet ukunyakaza. Abaningi babo bamane benza isivumelwano sokuqhubekela phambili. Amaphrotheni filaments ngaphansi kwegobolondo lomzimba asiza umzimba ukuba uvumelane futhi ngaleyo ndlela uhambe.
Umbala oluhlaza unikezwa umzimba ngama-chromatophores, abamba iqhaza ku-photosynthesis, akhiqiza ama-carbohydrate. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho ama-chromatophores akha inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, umzimba we-euglena ungashintsha ube mhlophe.
Isicathulo se-Infusoria ne-euglena green evame ukuqhathaniswa emibuthanweni yesayensi, noma kunjalo, banokuncane okufana ngakho. Isibonelo, i-euglena idla kokubili i-auto- ne-heterotrophically, isicathulo se-ciliate sikhetha kuphela uhlobo lokudla okunomsoco.
Izimpilo ezilula kakhulu zihlala emanzini angcolile (ngokwesibonelo, amaxhaphozi). Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala kumadamu ahlanzekile anamanzi ahlanzekile noma anosawoti. U-Euglena oluhlaza, infusoria, amoeba - zonke lezi zinambuzane ezincane zingatholakala cishe noma kuphi eMhlabeni.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-euglena green
U-Euglena ulwela njalo ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezikhanya kakhulu echibini. Ukuze anqume umthombo wokukhanya, ugcina ku-arsenal yakhe "iphuphu" elikhethekile eliseduze nomphimbo. Iso lizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni futhi liphendula ushintsho oluncane kulo.
Inqubo yokulwela ukukhanya ibizwa ngokuthi i-phototaxis enhle. Ukufeza inqubo ye-osmoregulation, i-euglena ine-vacuoles ekhethekile yenkontileka.
Ngenxa ye-contractile vacuole, ususa zonke izinto ezingadingekile emzimbeni wakhe, kungaba ngamanzi amaningi noma izinto eziyingozi ezinqwabelene. I-vacuole ibizwa ngokuthi yi-contractile ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kukadoti incishiswa ngamandla, isiza futhi isheshise inqubo.
Njengamanye ama-microorganisms amaningi, i-euglena ine-haploid nucleus eyodwa, okusho ukuthi ineqoqo elilodwa lama-chromosomes. Ngaphezu kwama-chloroplast, i-cytoplasm yayo iqukethe ne-paramil, iphrotheni eligcinwayo.
Ngaphezu kwama-organelles asohlwini, i-protozoan ine-nucleus nokufakwa kwezakhamzimba uma kwenzeka iprotozoan ingadli isikhathi esithile. Ukuphefumula okulula kakhulu, kumunca umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba womzimba.
Elula kakhulu liyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma iziphi, ngisho nezimo zemvelo ezingezinhle kakhulu. Uma amanzi echibini eqala ukubanda, noma idamu limane loma, i-microorganism iyeka ukondla nokuhamba, ukuma okuluhlaza oku-euglena kuthatha ukubukeka okuyindilinga, futhi umzimba umbozwe ngegobolondo elikhethekile eliwuvikela emiphumeleni eyingozi yemvelo, kuyilapho i-flagellum yezinto ezilula kakhulu inyamalala.
Esimeni se "cyst" (yile ndlela le nkathi ibizwa ngayo ku-protozoa), i-euglena ingachitha isikhathi eside kakhulu kuze kube yilapho imvelo yangaphandle izinzile futhi ihle kakhulu.
Ukudla okuluhlaza okwe-Euglena
Izici ze-euglena green yenza umzimba ube yi-auto- ne-heterotrophic. Udla konke akwaziyo, ngakho i-euglena green isho Kokubili ulwelwe nezilwane.
Impikiswano phakathi kwezazi zezitshalo nezazi zezilwane ayizange ifinyelele esiphethweni esinengqondo. Owokuqala usibheka njengesilwane futhi asibeke njengesiqeshana sabaphathi be-sarcum, kuyilapho izazi zezitshalo zisibeka njengesitshalo.
Ngokukhanya, i-microorganism ithola izakhi ngosizo lwama-chromatoforms, i.e. i-photosynthesize them ngenkathi iziphatha njengesitshalo. Into elula ngamehlo ihlale ifuna umthombo okhanyayo okhanyayo. Imisebe ekhanyayo iguqulwa ibe ukudla kwakhe nge-photosynthesis. Vele, u-euglena uhlala enesibonelelo esincane, njenge-paramilon ne-leucosine.
Ngokushoda kokukhanyisa, okulula kakhulu kuyaphoqeleka ukuthi kushintshele kwenye indlela yokondla. Vele, indlela yokuqala incamela i-microorganism. Ama-Protozoa asebenzise isikhathi eside ebumnyameni, ngenxa yokuthi alahlekelwe yi-chlorophyll yawo, ashintshela komunye umthombo wezakhi zomsoco.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-chlorophyll inyamalala ngokuphelele, i-microorganism ilahlekelwa umbala wayo oluhlaza ogqamile bese iba mhlophe. Ngohlobo lomsoco we-heterotrophic, i-protozoan icubungula ukudla kusetshenziswa ama-vacuoles.
Okungcolile echibini, kunokudla okuningi, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-euglena ithanda amaxhaphozi angcolile, anganakiwe namachibi. U-Euglena oluhlaza, ukudla okufana ngokuphelele nokudla kwama-amoebas, okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalezi zinambuzane ezincane ezilula.
Kukhona ama-euglens, lawo, empeleni, angavezwa yi-photosynthesis futhi kusukela lapho aqala khona adla kuphela ukudla okuphilayo.
Le ndlela yokuthola ukudla ize yanikela ekwakhiweni kohlobo lomlomo lokungenisa ukudla okungokwemvelo. Ososayensi bachaza indlela ekabili yokuthola ukudla ngeqiniso lokuthi zonke izitshalo nezilwane zinemvelaphi efanayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-euglena green kwenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu. Esikhathini esifushane, amanzi acwebile echibini angaguqula umbala oluhlaza ongacunuli ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwalezi protozoa.
Iqhwa ne-euglena enegazi kubhekwa njengezihlobo eziseduze zale protozoan. Lapho lezi zinambuzane ziphindaphindeka, kungabonakala izenzakalo ezimangazayo.
Ngakho-ke, ngekhulu le-IV, u-Aristotle wachaza iqhwa elimangalisayo "elinegazi", okwathi, nokho, lavela ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwalezi zinambuzane. Iqhwa elinemibala lingabonakala ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho yeRussia, ngokwesibonelo, e-Urals, eKamchatka, noma kwezinye iziqhingi zase-Arctic.
U-Euglena uyisidalwa esingenakuzithoba futhi angaphila noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zeqhwa neqhwa. Lapho lezi zinambuzane ziphindaphindeka, iqhwa liba nombala we-cytoplasm yazo. Iqhwa ngokoqobo "liqhakaza" ngamabala abomvu noma amnyama.
Elula kakhulu likhiqiza kuphela ngokwehlukana. Iseli lomama lihlukana ngendlela yesikhathi eside. Okokuqala, i-nucleus iyaqhubeka nenqubo yokuhlukanisa, bese kuba yiyo yonke imvelo. Kwakhiwa uhlobo lwemisele eceleni komzimba wegciwane elincane, elihlukanisa umzimba womama libe yizintombi ezimbili.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, kunokuhlukaniswa, inqubo yokwakheka kwe-cyst ingabonakala. Esimweni esinjalo amoeba no-euglena oluhlaza nazo ziyefana.
Njengama-amoeba, ambozwa ngegobolondo elikhethekile futhi angena ohlotsheni lokulala ubusika bonke. Ngendlela yama-cysts, lezi zidalwa zithwalwa kanye nothuli futhi lapho zibuyela endaweni yasemanzini ziyavuka bese ziqala ukuphindaphindeka futhi.
