Lezi zilwane ezinkulu zaziwa kithi kusukela ebuntwaneni, njengezakhamuzi ezijwayelekile zase-Afrika. Ubhejane omhlophe iyabonakala ngokuphuma kwayo ngaphambili kwekhanda, empeleni ekhaleni. Ngenxa yalesi sici, igama laso livela ku-. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwazo, izimpondo zobhejane zenziwa ngephutha ukuthi zenziwa njengezokwelapha ezikhathini zasendulo, empeleni ezingekho. Kepha kusukela kule nganekwane, izilwane eziningi zisabhekene nabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho. Ngenxa yalokhu, manje obhejane sebengatholakala ikakhulukazi eziqiwini noma ezindaweni eziqiwini zikazwelonke.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ubhejane Omhlophe
Wonke umndeni wobhejane osezingeni lesimanje uhlukaniswe imindeni emibili nemikhakha engama-61, engama-57 asephelile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphela kwazo kwenzeka emashumini ezigidi zeminyaka edlule, ngakho-ke akuhlangene nomsebenzi wabantu. Izinhlobo ezine eziphilayo zakha izinhlobo ezinhlanu, ukwehlukana phakathi kwazo kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10-20 edlule. Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu ngama-tapir, amahhashi namadube.
Umeleli omkhulukazi wobhejane ubhejane omhlophe, onenani elikhulu kunawo wonke phakathi kwabo. Leli gama alihlangene nakancane nombala, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi livela egameni leBoer elithi wijde, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho "ububanzi", elalihambisana kakhulu negama lesiNgisi elithi white - white. Umbala wangempela wobhejane uncike kumbala wenhlabathi ohamba kuyo, ngoba isilwane sithanda ukuzigaxa odakeni.
Ividiyo: Ubhejane Omhlophe
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa bonke obhejane kwezinye izilwane ukuba khona kophondo. Ubhejane omhlophe unezimbili. Owokuqala, omude kunayo yonke, ukhula ethanjeni lamakhala. Ubude bayo bungafinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Elesibili lincane, elitholakala engxenyeni engaphambili yekhanda. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye ibunzi elisekhanda lesilwane alibizi kangako.
Naphezu kobulukhuni bayo, uphondo aluqukethe izicubu zethambo noma into efana ne-horny (njengezimpondo ze-artiodactyls), kepha lune-protein eminyene - i-keratin. Le protein efanayo itholakala ngamanani amancane ezinweleni zomuntu, izinzipho, kanye nezikhonkwane zezinkukhu. Uphondo luqala kusuka ku-epidermis yesikhumba. Uma ilinyazwe isencane, uphondo lungakhula futhi. Kubantu abadala, uphondo olonakele alubuyiswa.
Umzimba kabhejane mkhulu, imilenze inezinzwane ezintathu, imfishane, kodwa iminyene kakhulu. Kukhona inselo encane ekugcineni kozwane ngalunye. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo zonyawo lukabhejane ziyabonakala kalula. Ngaphandle, umkhondo waso ubukeka njenge-clover, ngoba isilwane sihlala kuyo yomithathu iminwe lapho sihamba. Ngosayizi, ubhejane omhlophe usezingeni lesine phakathi kwezilwane ezisemhlabeni, enikeza izindawo ezintathu zokuqala kubamele izindlovu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubhejane omhlophe wezilwane
Isici esihlukile sobhejane omhlophe ububanzi baso (imvamisa okungenani buba ngamasentimitha angama-20) nodebe olungaphezulu oluyisicaba. Isibonelo, kubhejane omnyama, le ndebe ikhonjwe kancane futhi ayiphinyiselwa kangako. Ama-incisors emihlathini engenhla awekho, ngakho-ke udebe lungena esikhundleni salo. Ama-canine ancishiswe ngokuphelele.
Isilwane uqobo lwaso sikhulu impela. Isisindo somuntu omdala singafinyelela amathani amane noma ngaphezulu. Ukuphakama emahlombe noma ekubuneni kuvame ukuba phakathi kwemitha elilodwa nengxenye kuya kwamabili. Ubude bobhejane abamhlophe buphakathi kwamamitha amabili nohhafu kuya kwamane. Intamo ibanzi kakhulu kepha imfishane. Inhloko inkulu futhi inkulu, imise okonxande kancane. Ingemuva liyi-concave. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhombisa uhlobo lwe-hump, okuyisigaxa sesikhumba. Isisu sinomkhuhlane.
Isikhumba sikabhejane siminyene kakhulu futhi siqinile. Ubukhulu besikhumba kwezinye izindawo bungafinyelela isentimitha elilodwa nohhafu. Akukho nhlobo isikhumba esikhunjeni. Kuphela endaweni yezindlebe kukhona ama-bristles, futhi umsila uphela ebunzini bezinwele eziminyene. Izindlebe ngokwazo zinde impela, futhi isilwane sikwazi ukuzinyakazisa futhi siziphendukise ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ukuzwa kwesilwane kuyazwela, kepha kunendima yesibili. Ukubona kukabhejane omhlophe nakho akuyona into engcono kakhulu - awuboni kahle, ngakho-ke uvame ukuthembela emqondweni wawo wokuhogela.
Iqiniso elimnandi: obhejane banenkumbulo embi. Izazi eziningi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene ngqo nokungaboni kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane.
Impilo yobhejane yinde impela, emvelweni cishe iminyaka engama-35-40, futhi yinde kakhulu ekuthunjweni.
Uhlala kuphi ubhejane omhlophe?
Isithombe: Ubhejane waseNyakatho White
Endle, obhejane abamhlophe bahlala e-Afrika kuphela. Kuze kube muva nje, indawo yokuhlala obhejane abamhlophe yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye ezimbili ezizimele - enyakatho naseningizimu, futhi izindawo ziqhelelene futhi zikude impela.
Ingxenye eseningizimu itholakala emazweni aseNingizimu Afrika:
- ININGIZIMU AFRIKA;
- EMozambique;
- ENamibia;
- IZimbabwe;
- ingxenye eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Angola.
Indawo esenyakatho yayijwayele ukuba seCongo, Kenya naseSouth Sudan. Ngo-2018, abokugcina besilisa abangaphansi komxhantela osenyakatho bashona. Namuhla, kusasele abesifazane ababili kuphela, ngakho-ke empeleni kungabhekwa ukuthi ubhejane omhlophe osenyakatho uqothuliwe. Engxenyeni eseningizimu, konke kuphephe kakhulu, futhi kusenezilwane eziningi lapho.
Ubhejane omhlophe uhlala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ezomile ikakhulukazi, kodwa futhi uyatholakala nasezindaweni ezincane ezinezihlahla, ezinama-glades, lapho kukhula khona utshani obungaqinile. Ikhetha kakhulu indawo eyisicaba. Obhejane abamhlophe bajwayelene kahle nezimo zezwekazi ezomile. Indawo eyihlane iyadluliselwa, yize bezama ukungangeni kulezo zindawo. Kukholakala ukuthi okudingeka lapho kuhlala khona ubhejane ukuba khona kwedamu eliseduze.
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, obhejane bathanda ukuhlala emanzini isikhathi eside noma bageze udaka, kuyaqabukela bacashe emthunzini wezihlahla. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi obhejane abamhlophe batholakala eduze kwamaxhaphozi. Futhi phambilini bahlangana nasezindaweni ezingasogwini. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, obhejane abamhlophe bayakwazi ukwenza uhambo olude emabangeni amakhulu. Abazithandi izindawo ezivalekile. Njengabanye abantu baseSavana, isikhala sibalulekile.
Udlani ubhejane omhlophe?
Isithombe: Ubhejane Omhlophe wase-Afrika
Ubhejane udla imifino. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo okusongelayo hhayi imvelo ezolile ngokuphelele, idla kuphela uhlaza nedlelo. Ukuhlala ku-savanna, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola inani elanele lohlaza, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokugaya ukudla kwalezi zilwane luguqulelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo.
Kungaba:
- amahlumela ezihlahlana noma izihlahla;
- zonke izinhlobo zamakhambi;
- amaqabunga akhula kancane;
- izihlahla ezinameva;
- izimila zasemanzini;
- izimpande namagxolo ezihlahla.
Kufanele bamunce ukudla ngokushesha okukhulu. Nsuku zonke, ukuze zithole okwanele, kufanele zidle cishe u-50 kg wezimila ezahlukahlukene.
Obhejane badliwa ekuseni nasebusuku. Basaba ukushisa kakhulu elangeni elishisayo, ngakho-ke bachitha usuku emachibini, emachibini, odakeni noma emthunzini wezihlahla. Obhejane yizilwane ezinkulu futhi badinga ukuphuza amanzi amaningi nsuku zonke. Ngalokhu, bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade amashumi amakhilomitha amaningi. Imvamisa bazama ukuphinda bathathe insimu enedamu, lapho bazophuza khona nsuku zonke.
Ngokuvamile, imigwaqo ibekwa eceleni kwendawo yobhejane, ahamba kuyo nsuku zonke, manje eyokudla, bese eyindawo yokunisela, bese ephumula odakeni noma emthunzini. Obhejane abanesikhumba esijiyile abavumeli nje kuphela ukuthi badle izitshalo ezinameva, ezihlale zikhona ngobuningi, ngoba asikho esinye isilwane esizenza kubo, kodwa futhi nokuhlala futhi ngokuthula badlule ezitshalweni ezifanayo, ngokuba lukhuni.
Futhi, ubhejane omhlophe angasebenzisa uphondo lwawo futhi aphule amagatsha ezihlahla aphazamisayo. Uma kunokudla okwanele endaweni yakhe, khona-ke uya kobheka ezinye izikhala zokudla futhi angashiya insimu yakhe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Obhejane abamhlophe
Uma uthi nhlá, ubhejane angabonakala sengathi uhamba kancane futhi uyaxakaniseka ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, kepha uma kunesidingo, angahle asheshise futhi agijime ibanga elithile ngejubane elilinganiselwa ku-40 km / h. Vele, ngeke akwazi ukugcina isivinini esikhulu isikhathi eside, kepha kubukeka kusabeka kakhulu.
Obhejane bachitha izinsuku zabo bodwa ezindaweni zabo, ezikhethwa unomphela. Kuyaqabukela kwenzeka ukuthi ukuntuleka kokudla kuphoqe ubhejane ukuthi azifunele izindawo ezintsha.
Kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukuthi obhejane bakhe amaqembu amancane, imvamisa kuyizinhlobo zobhejane omhlophe, kepha ikakhulukazi bahlala bodwa. Umama, esefundise abasha izinto eziyisisekelo zempilo, uyamxosha endaweni yakhe futhi uhlala yedwa.
Ubhejane empeleni uyisilwane sasebusuku. Bangakwazi ukumunca izitshalo ubusuku bonke, futhi balale odakeni noma echibini emini. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha ukusebenza ubusuku nemini. Isikhumba sobhejane, yize sincane kakhulu, kodwa futhi singoma futhi sishe elangeni, futhi sihlushwa nayizinambuzane.
Izinyoni zisiza obhejane ukulwa nezinambuzane, ezihlala ngokoqobo emihlane yazo. Lawa ngamadragoni nezinkanyezi zezinyathi. Azondli kuphela izinambuzane nemikhaza ngemuva kwesilwane, kodwa futhi zinganikeza izinkomba ngengozi. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, izinambuzane ezivela ngemuva kukabhejane azidliwanga izinyoni kuphela, kodwa nezimfudu, ezilinde nje ukuthi ubhejane ahlale phansi emgxobhozo nazo.
Ngokuvamile, obhejane bahlala ngokuthula nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane: amadube, izindlulamithi, izindlovu, izinhlwathi, izinyathi ngisho nezilwane ezidla ezinye, ezingabathandi kangako obhejane abadala. Ngalesi sizathu, obhejane balale kahle, futhi abacabangi ngengozi nhlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungazinyonyobela kalula futhi uhlale ungaziwa.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Uma ubhejane ezwa ingozi, kungenzeka agijimele ukuhlasela kuqala. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane siyingozi kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuyingozi kunazo zonke ngowesifazane onezinyane - uzoba nolaka kakhulu ngoba uzovikela ingane yakhe ngawo wonke amandla akhe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ubhejane omhlophe
Obhejane akuzona neze izilwane zomphakathi. Zihlala zodwa, kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane. Zihlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Isikhathi esithile abesifazane bahlala namazinyane abo, kodwa bese bebaqhuba baye ekhaya, futhi bafunda nokuziphilela bodwa.
Ubhejane wesilisa ngokomzimba ufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala. Kepha abakwazi ukuxhumana ngokocansi nowesifazane - okokuqala badinga ukuthatha izindawo zabo. Ubhejane oyedwa owesilisa unendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-50, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nangaphezulu. Insikazi inensimu encane kakhulu - amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10-15 kuphela.
Obhejane bamaka izindawo zabo, bashiye indle yabo kulo banyathele izitshalo ezindaweni ezithile. Kwesinye isikhathi badabula izimbobo ezincane ngezinyawo zabo. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yabo, imikhondo inyathela obhejane, kukhona okuyinhloko, kukhona okuyisibili. Imvamisa, imizila emikhulu ixhuma izindawo zokudla nezindawo ezinamanga nezomthunzi ngesikhathi selanga. Obhejane bakhetha ukunganyatheli yonke insimu ukuze bonge amadlelo amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana singenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha entwasahlobo, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kwabobulili obuhlukile kuyabonakala kulezi zilwane. Yize i-rut yenzeka njalo ngenyanga nohhafu. Abesifazane nabesilisa babonakala bejahana, ngaleyo ndlela bakhombise intshisekelo. Kwesinye isikhathi bangangena empini noma emdlalweni, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ngokugcwele okwenzekayo phakathi kwabo. Owesifazane angaxosha owesilisa angamthandi, futhi ngabanenkani kakhulu nabaphikelelayo kuphela abathola ithuba lokumvundisa badlulisele izakhi zabo zofuzo enzalweni.
Isikhathi sokumitha sithatha izinsuku ezingama-460, bese kuzalwa inkunzi eyodwa enesisindo esingama-25 kuye kwangama-60 kg. Ngemuva kwamahora amaningana, uzihambela yedwa ahlole umhlaba ngaphandle kokushiya unina. Isikhathi sokuncelisa sithatha unyaka wonke, yize ubhejane omncane eqala ukudla utshani kusuka enyangeni yesithathu. Ngemuva kokuba umama eyekile ukushaya iwundlu lakhe ngobisi, usahlala naye omunye unyaka noma unyaka nohhafu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Insikazi iyakwazi ukuzala njalo eminyakeni engu-4-6. Uma enomntwana omusha, khona-ke uxosha lo omdala futhi amnake futhi amnakekele wonke umntwana osanda kuzalwa.
Izitha zemvelo zobhejane abamhlophe
Isithombe: Ubhejane Omhlophe
Obhejane abamhlophe abanazitha ezithile phakathi kwezilwane ezihlala nazo. Obhejane yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu ezidla ezinye. Ngakho-ke, uma belinga ukuhlasela, cishe amacala ayi-100% wona ngokwawo ayafa ngenxa yezimpi. Kodwa-ke, njengezilwane zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, izidumbu zingadala ubhejane omncane omhlophe, ngesizathu esilula sokuthi zingabhekana kalula nabantu abancane.
Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ubhejane angene empini nendlovu. Kulokhu, ubhejane maningi amathuba okuthi wehlulwe, ikakhulukazi uma indlovu ikwazi ukumlimaza ngezimpondo zayo. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwalezi zilwane ezimbili kwenzeka ngokungavamile futhi kaningi ngenxa yokungezwani okuhlangene, kepha amacala anjalo ayaziwa.
Izingwenya nazo zingahlasela obhejane, azikwazi ukubhekana nabantu abakhulu, kepha amawundlu ahudulwa kalula aye phansi, kwesinye isikhathi awasebenzisayo.
Isitha esibi kunazo zonke sobhejane sasiyindoda futhi singumuntu. Selokhu yatholakala, izinhlobo zobhejane abamhlophe sezicishe zaqothulwa ngokuphelele. Basindiswa kuphela yiqiniso lokuthi akuzona zonke izifunda ngaleso sikhathi ezazifinyeleleka kubantu. Manje, yize kuvikelwe obhejane abamhlophe ezingeni lomthetho, kusabulawa izilwane ngenhloso yokuzingela ngokungemthetho.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubhejane omhlophe wezilwane
Namuhla okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zobhejane ezimhlophe obhejane abamhlophe baseningizimu. Lokhu okungaphansi kunesimo esiseduze nendawo esengozini. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1800, ama-subspecies athathwa njengaphela, futhi ngokweqile eminyakeni engaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokutholakala kwawo. Kodwa ngokushesha obhejane abamhlophe baphinde batholakala ezindaweni eziqhelile ezingafinyeleleki kubantu esigodini soMfula uMfolozi (eNingizimu Afrika). Ngo-1897, bathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa, okwagcina kuholele ekubuyiselweni kwabantu kancane kancane. Lokhu kwenze ukuthi, phakathi kokunye, kukhishwe obhejane emapaki amaningi kazwelonke, futhi kuthuthwe abantu ngabanye baye ema-zoo eYurophu naseMelika. Ukukhula kancane kwenani labantu kuhlotshaniswa nenkathi ende kakhulu yokuzalanisa.
Manje lezi zinhlobo azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzingelwa kobhejane abamhlophe kuvunyelwe ngisho, yize kuyisilinganiso esikhulu. Ngenxa yezilinganiso, ilayisense yokukhiqiza ibiza kakhulu - cishe ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubiza kakhulu. Ukuzingela kuvunyelwe kuphela eNingizimu Afrika naseNamibia, futhi emazweni womabili kudingeka imvume ekhethekile yokuthumela ngaphandle indebe.
Ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, isibalo sobhejane abamhlophe singabantu nje abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi, ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, evame ukushiwo emithonjeni yezindaba ehlukahlukene, inani labo labantu lingafinyelela ezilwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili.
Ukuvikela obhejane abamhlophe
Isithombe: Obhejane abamhlophe abavela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ama-subspecies eseva kabhejane omhlophe acishe aqedwa nya. Abazingeli abazingelayo kufanele basolwe ngokuqothulwa kwabo, ngoba kudala ukuzingelwa kwalaba bhejane ezingeni lomthetho. Owesilisa wokugcina washona eKenya eneminyaka engama-44 ngoMashi 2018. Manje sekusele abesifazane ababili kuphela abasaphila, omunye kube yindodakazi yakhe kanti omunye umzukulu wakhe.
Emuva ngo-2015, odokotela bezilwane bathola ukuthi ngokwemvelo akekho noyedwa ongathola inzalo. Kukhona ithemba elincane ngenzalo yobhejane abamhlophe basenyakatho nge-IVF - in vitro fertilization.Ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe, izinto eziphilayo zazithathwa kowesilisa (nakwabanye besilisa ababefe phambilini), ngosizo lwabo ososayensi abalindele ukuvundisa amaqanda athathwe kwabesifazane bawafake kwabesifazane bemikhombe emhlophe eseningizimu.
Zihlelelwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengabomama ngokwesivumelwano. Ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo ngale ndlela, impumelelo yomcimbi ohleliwe ayaziwa kusenesikhathi, futhi ochwepheshe banezinkinga eziningi. Ikakhulu, inqubo enjalo ayikaze yenziwe kubhejane.
Enyakatho ubhejane omhlophe itholakala esiqiwini ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kuhlonyiwe ubusuku nemini kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Insimu iyagadwa, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones. Njengesilinganiso esingeziwe, izimpondo zazisuswa kobhejane ukuze ziyeke ukuba nenzuzo yezentengiselwano kulabo abangaba ababulali ngenhloso yokuthola izimpondo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 08.10.2019 ngo-14: 05
