U-Oribi Ingabe yinyamazane encane, esheshayo yase-Afrika, efana kakhulu nensephe encane (isizwe saseNeotragini, umndeni wakwaBovidae). Uhlala etindzaweni letisenyakatfo naseningizimu ye-Afrika, lapho ahlala ngababili noma ngemihlambi lemincane. I-Oribi iyinhlangano yezenhlalo yezinhlobo zezinyamazane ezincane; iqembu elijwayeleke kakhulu iduna elilodwa lendawo elinezinsikazi ezindala ezine namathole azo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Oribi
U-Oribi bangamalungu omndeni wezinyamazane. Igama "oribi" livela egameni lesi-Afrika lesilwane, oorbietjie. U-Oribi ukuphela kwenyamazane encane futhi mhlawumbe okukhanyayo okuncane kakhulu, okuyi-herbivore, njengoba idla amahlamvu notshani. Uthola amanzi anele ekudleni kwakhe ukuze akwazi ukuzimela ngaphandle kwamanzi.
I-Oribi yehlukaniswe ngama-subspecies ayi-8, ngalinye lifinyelela kuma-80 cm ukuphakama. Kuma-subspecies amaningi we-oribi, abesifazane bavame ukukala ngaphezu kwabesilisa. U-Oribi uhlala ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabangu-4 ezindaweni ezisukela kumahektha angama-252 kuya kwayi-100. Iqembu liphethwe owesilisa onomthwalo wokuvikela insimu.
Ividiyo: Oribi
Ama-Oribi ashiya izindawo zawo ayovakashela imikhono kasawoti, utshani obunotshani obufushane obudalwe yizilwane ezinkulu ezikerayo, kanye nokuqhuma kohlaza ngemuva kokusha phakathi nesikhathi esomile. Ngakho-ke, umugqa ka-Oribi ungahlangana endaweni engathathi hlangothi. Lapho imililo yaminyaka yonke isusa zonke izindawo zokucasha ngaphandle kokubumbana, amalungu abaleka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Le nhlwathi ibonwa ngoboya bayo obufishane obansundu, isisu esimhlophe nomsila onsundu onsundu, mhlophe ngaphansi. Insikazi inengubo emnyama ngaphezulu ekhanda kanye nasemathiphu endlebe, kuyilapho eyeduna inezimpondo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-Oribi
U-Oribi unokwakheka okuncane, isitho eside nentamo ende. Ukuphakama kwayo kungama-51-76 cm, kanti isisindo sayo cishe siyi-14 kg. Abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa, banezindlebe eziphumayo, kanti abesilisa banezimpondo ezifika ku-19 cm ubude.Ibhantshi lesilwane lifushane, libushelelezi, lisuka konsundu liya kumbala ogqamile ngokubomvu. I-Oribi inezingxenyeni ezingaphansi ezimhlophe, isigaxa, umphimbo nendlebe yangaphakathi, kanye nolayini omhlophe ngenhla kweso. Inendawo enezindlala emnyama emnyama nqunu ngaphansi kwendlebe ngayinye nomsila omnyama omnyama. Umbala we-oribi uncike endaweni akuyo.
I-oribi inomumo ohlukile wocezwana loboya obumhlophe ngenhla kwamehlo. Amakhala abomvu futhi kunendawo enkulu emnyama ngaphansi kwendlebe ngayinye. Le ndawo enempandla iyindlala, njengamafolda amile ngapha nangapha kwesifonyo (eyokugcina ikhipha iphunga elivumela isilwane ukumaka indawo yaso).
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ama-Oribi aziwa ngokugxuma kwawo "ukuphonsa", lapho agxumela khona emoyeni nezidladla zawo ngaphansi kwawo, ezigoqa imihlane, ngaphambi kokuthatha ezinye izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuqhubekela phambili abuye ame futhi.
I-Oribi incane uma uyiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlwathi zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-92 kuya kwayi-110 nokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-66. I-oribi ejwayelekile inesisindo esiphakathi kuka-14 no-22 kg. Isikhathi sokuphila se-oribi cishe siyiminyaka eyi-13.
Ngakho-ke, izici zokubukeka kwe-oribi zimi kanje:
- umsila omnyama omfushane;
- izindlebe ezi-oval ezinephethini elimnyama ngemuva okumhlophe;
- indawo emnyama ngaphansi kwezindlebe;
- umzimba onsundu onangaphansi okumhlophe;
- abesilisa banezimpondo ezimfushane ezishisayo ezinendandatho ezansi;
- abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa;
- ingemuva liphakeme kancane kunangaphambili.
Uhlala kuphi u-Oribi?
Isithombe: I-Oribi pygmy antelope
Ama-Oribi atholakala kuyo yonkana i-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Bahlala ezingxenyeni zaseSomalia, Kenya, Uganda, Botswana, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, naseNingizimu Afrika. Ikakhulukazi, zitholakala empumalanga nasenkabeni yeNingizimu Afrika. Iyikhaya leziqiwi ezifana neKruger National Park, i-Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve, iShibuya Private Game Reserve, kanye neRitvlei Game Reserve eseGauteng, okuyikhaya le-Oribi.
Ama-Oribes asakazeke yonke i-Afrika, futhi alukho uchungechunge olulodwa oluqhubekayo lapho atholakala khona. Uhla lwabo luqala ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika lwaseMpumalanga Kapa, ​​lukhukhuleka kancane lubheke ezwekazini, ludlule iKwaZulu-Natal luye eMozambique. EMozambique, basakazeka phakathi nezwe baya emngceleni u-Oribi ahlanganyela neZimbabwe, naseZambia. Bahlala nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho neTanzania futhi badlulela ngaphesheya komngcele wase-Afrika emaphethelweni oGwadule lwaseSahara ogwini olusentshonalanga ne-Afrika. Kukhona nomucu omncane ogwini lwaseKenya lapho bangahlangana khona.
I-Oribi ingenye yezinhlwathi ezincane ezimbalwa eziklaba kakhulu, okusho ukuthi zigwema izindawo ezibuswa izihlahlana nezihlahla nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi. AmaGrasslands, amahlathi avulekile futhi ikakhulukazi amathafa ezikhukhula yizindawo lapho zichichima khona. Zithanda ukudla utshani obufushane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobukhulu nokuphakama kwazo, futhi ngenxa yalokho zingaphila eceleni kwezimila ezidla izilwane ezinkulu ezinjengezinyathi, amadube nezimvubu, ezidla uhlaza oluphakeme.
Lolu hlobo luhlangana nezinye izilwane futhi lungadla ngokuthula nensephe noma imvubu kaThomson. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ziyaxubana ngoba zihlanganyela izilwane ezifanayo, okusho ukuthi maningi amathuba okubona isilwane esidla ezinye nokugwema ukusibamba. Yize kunebanga elikhulu e-Afrika, awekho ama-oribi abikwe eBurundi isikhathi eside.
Udla ini u-Oribi?
Isithombe: I-Oribi antelope
U-Oribi uyakhetha kakhulu ngamakhambi awadlayo. Isilwane sikhetha utshani obufushane. Kodwa-ke, lapho kungenzeka khona, ibuye idle amanye amaqabunga kanye namahlumela lapho isomiso noma ukushisa kwenza utshani bube bunqabile. U-Oribi kwesinye isikhathi udala umonakalo ezitshalweni zasensimini ezifana nokolweni ne-oats ngoba lokhu kudla kufana nokudla kwabo kwemvelo.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ama-Oribi athola amanzi awo amaningi kumakhambi namaqabunga awadlayo futhi awadingi amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba ukuze aphile.
I-Oribi idla phakathi nenkathi yezimvula lapho utshani obusha butholakala kalula futhi bukhangele lapho kwenzeka isomiso, futhi utshani obusha abuvamile kakhulu. Lesi silwane esincelisayo esidlayo sisebenzisa okungenani amakhambi ahlukene ayishumi nanye futhi sidla amahlamvu ezihlahla eziyisikhombisa. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi isilwane sivakashela ukhotha kasawoti njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezintathu.
U-Oribi ungesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezimbalwa ezihlomula ngomlilo. Ngemuva kokucinywa komlilo, i-oribi ibuyela kule ndawo futhi idle utshani obuluhlaza obusha. Amadoda amadala amaka indawo yawo ngemfihlo evela kwizindlala zangaphambi kokubeletha. Bavikela indawo yabo ngokubeka uphawu otshanini ngokuhlanganiswa kwemfihlo emnyama evela kwizindlala zokuqala, ukuchama nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-African Oribi antelope
U-Oribi uvame ukutholakala ngababili noma eqenjini labathathu. Uma kukhona isilwane esihlala sodwa, mhlawumbe kungowesilisa, ngoba abesifazane bavame ukunamathela ndawonye. Ezindaweni ezingazodwa, amaqembu angaba makhudlwana. Ukubhangqa ngamabili kunendawo futhi kumboza indawo engamahektha angama-20 kuye kwangama-60.
Ebhekene nengozi - imvamisa esidla inyama - i-oribi izoma inganyakazi otshanini obude, ngethemba lokuhlala ingaziwa. Ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaseli esondela futhi esekude ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka ku-antelope, isisulu esingaba khona sizogxuma, sikhanyise ingxenye engezansi emhlophe yomsila waso ukuxwayisa isitha, ngenkathi senza impempe ephezulu. Bangakwazi futhi ukugxumela phezulu, beqondisa yonke imilenze yabo nokugoba imihlane yabo lapho bemangazwa yisilwane esidlayo. Leli phutha libizwa ngokuthi yi-stotting.
Lezi zinhlwathi zinendawo enkulu, njengezihlobo zazo, futhi zakha ngazimbili zokukhwelana impilo yonke, kodwa hhayi njengezinye izinhlobo. U-Oribi angakha ngazimbili lapho abesilisa benabalingani abangaphezu koyedwa besifazane abazalanayo, hhayi nje ngababili abangashadile bendoda eyodwa nowesifazane oyedwa. Imvamisa amapheya avela kwabesifazane aba-1 kuya kwababili kowesilisa ngamunye. Izithandani zihlala endaweni efanayo, osayizi bazo ziyahlukahluka, kepha kulinganiselwa ukuthi zimaphakathi cishe nekhilomitha elilodwa lesikwele. Lapho umbhangqwana umaka indawo yawo, owesilisa uqala ngokuhogela owesifazane, yena oqale afake indle yakhe kuqala. Owesilisa ube esesebenzisa izindlala zephunga ukushiya iphunga lakhe lapho, ngaphambi kokunyathela ngamandla indle yowesifazane bese eshiya umchamo wakhe nomquba lapho ngaphezulu kwendle yakhe.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-Oribi inezindlala eziyisithupha ezahlukahlukene ezikhiqiza iphunga elisetshenziselwa ukumaka izindawo zazo, kepha futhi zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imininingwane ehlukile.
Kuyaqabukela bahlangane ngokomzimba ngaphandle kokukhwelana, yize amalungu omndeni ethinta amakhala abo ngandlela thile. Abesilisa bachitha isikhathi esiningi begada imingcele futhi bemaka indawo yabo, cishe izikhathi eziyi-16 ngehora, nezimfihlo ezivela kolunye lwezindlala zabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Oribi e-Afrika
Lezi zithandani zishada phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni nangemva kwesikhathi sokumitha sezinyanga eziyi-7, kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa. Izibulo lowesifazane livame ukuvela lapho umama eseneminyaka emibili ubudala (noma kunjalo, abesifazane bathola ukuthomba ezinyangeni eziyishumi futhi bangakhulelwa kusukela kuleyo minyaka), ngemuva kwalokho bazokhiqiza cishe iwundlu elilodwa ngonyaka aze afinyelele eminyakeni eyi-8 nengu-13.
Iningi lamawundlu lizalwa ngesikhathi semvula lapho ukudla kutholakala kalula futhi nendawo yokuhlala eyanele yanele kumama nengane. Iwundlu lizofihlwa otshanini obude emasontweni okuqala ayi-8-10 okuphila kwalo. Umama uzoqhubeka nokubuyela kuyena ezodla. Ekugcineni, kulunyulwa ezinyangeni ezine noma ezi-5 ubudala. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-14. Kukhona owesifazane oyedwa noma ababili endaweni ngayinye.
Yize i-oribi ivame ukutholakala ngababili abajwayelekile, ukwehluka okusha kwesithembu kubonakele engqikithini yomfazi oyedwa neyendawo. Kuze kube uhhafu wensimu ye-oribi endaweni ingafaka abesifazane ababili noma ngaphezulu abahlala khona; abanye besifazane kaningi, kodwa hhayi njalo, bahlala bengamadodakazi asekhaya.
Icala elingajwayelekile nelingaziwa phakathi kwamanye ama-pygmy antelopes lenzeke eSerengeti National Park eTanzania, lapho abesilisa ababili noma abathathu abadala bengavikela ngokuhlanganyela le ndawo. Abakwenzi ngokulingana: umnikazi wendawo obekezelela abesilisa abangaphansi uyabandakanyeka esivumelwaneni. Akatholi abesifazane abengeziwe futhi kwesinye isikhathi ulandela abangaphansi, kepha ukuvikelwa ngokuhlanganyela kwandisa ubunikazi bendawo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-oribi
Isithombe: Oribi wesifazane
Endle, i-oribi isengozini yezilwane ezinjengezi:
- izidumbu;
- izimpisi;
- izingonyama;
- izingwe;
- izimpungushe;
- Izinja zasendle zase-Afrika;
- izingwenya;
- izinyoka (ikakhulukazi izinhlwathi).
Ama-oribi amancane nawo asongelwa izimpungushe, amakati endle aseLibya, amakhowe, izimfene nezinkozi. Emapulazini amaningi lapho kutholakala khona i-oribi, ukuzidla ngokweqile kwe-caracal ne-jackal ku-oribi kuyimbangela enkulu ekunciphiseni kwabo. I-Caracal kanye nejakalasi zihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala nasemhlabeni ozungezile wezolimo. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula izidalwa lubalulekile ekusindeni kwezinhlobo ezinjenge-oribi.
Kodwa-ke, eNingizimu Afrika, bayazingelwa futhi njengomthombo wokudla noma umdlalo, okuyinto engekho emthethweni. U-Oribi uthathwa njengomthombo wenyama kubantu abaningi e-Afrika futhi ubhekene nokuzingelwa ngokweqile nokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Lapho zisetshenziswa futhi zizingela izinja, lezi zilwane zinamathuba amancane okusinda. Indawo yazo engokwemvelo isongelwa ukungcoliswa komhlaba, ukuhlala emadolobheni kanye namahlathi ezentengiselwano.
Indawo okuncanyelwa kuyo i-oribi ngamadlelo avulekile. Lokhu kubenze baba sengozini enkulu kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho. Amaqembu amakhulu abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho nezinja zabo zokuzingela bengaqeda inani lama-oribi ngokuzingela okukodwa. Iningi lendawo ekhethwe i-oribi iphelela ezandleni zabanikazi bomhlaba abazimele bezolimo. Njengoba kunothango lwezinkomo kuphela nokuntuleka kwemali yamaqembu akhethekile alwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, le nhlwathi encane ilitshe eliyinhloko lamaqembu azingela ngokungemthetho.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-Oribi
Eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, inani le-oribi lalicishe libe yi-750,000, kepha kusukela lapho selizinzile kancane futhi lehla kancane unyaka nonyaka, yize kwakungekho ukubalwa kwabantu okujwayelekile okukufakazela ngokungangabazeki lokhu. Isibalo esikhulu sabantu base-Oribi eNingizimu Afrika sitholakala eChelmsford Nature Reserve esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali.
U-Oribi njengamanje usengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuthi indawo yabo yokuhlala iyacekelwa phansi futhi ngenxa yokuthi bazingelwa ngokungemthetho. Indawo yabo abayithandayo yamadlelo ibalulekile kwezolimo ngakho-ke iya ngokuya iba mbalwa futhi ihlukane, kuyilapho ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nezinja kubeka enye ingozi ekusindeni kwabo okuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, isibalo esikhulu sabantu sisahlala emhlabeni ozimele, futhi ukubalwa kwabantu okusebenza minyaka yonke kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokunquma usayizi wesitayela kanye nezitayela.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunokuntuleka kokuqwashiswa ngesimo sabo, okuholela ekuphathweni okungafanele kwezinhlobo. Ngeshwa, ziyizisulu ezilula zabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, ngoba zihlala zimile lapho zitholwa, kuya ngesifihla sazo semvelo, esikhundleni sokubaleka. Lezi zinhlwathi ezinamahloni zidinga ukuvikelwa ngoba amanani azo ancipha ngesilinganiso esethusayo.
Unogada ka-Oribi
Isithombe: U-Oribi ovela eNcwadini Ebomvu
I-Oribi Working Group, umfelandawonye wokongiwa kwemikhakha eyahlukene ongaphansi koHlelo Lwezilwane Zasendle Ezisengozini Yokuqothulwa, muva nje futhi ngempumelelo idlulisele ngababili ama-Oribi asongelwa ezindaweni zokugcina ezifanele kakhulu. Ukuthuthwa kwalezi zilwane kuyingxenye yecebo lokongiwa kwemvelo.
U-Oribi, inyamazane ekhethekile kakhulu ehlala emadlelweni asezingeni eliphansi e-Afrika, ubhekwe njengoSengozini Ohlwini Lokubomvu Lwakamuva Lwezilwane Ezincelisayo ZaseNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yokwehla kwayo ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Usongo olukhulu ku-oribi wukucekelwa phansi okungapheli kwendawo yabo yokuhlala kanye nokuphishekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo ngokuzingela nezinja.
Abanini mhlaba abanokuphathwa kwamadlelo afanele kanye nokuqapha okuqinile nokulawula ukuzingelwa kwezinja bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono isimo se-oribi. Kwesinye isikhathi, nokho, lokhu kungaphandle kokulawulwa ngabanikazi bomhlaba, futhi kulezi zimo ezikude, iqembu elisebenzayo lika-Oribi lihambisa izilwane ezisengozini ezigcinweni eziphephile nezifanelekile.
Ngakho-ke iqembu elisebenzayo lasusa i-oribi lisuka esiqiwini iNambiti Game layisa KwaZulu-Natali, lapho ukufuduselwa kwezingulule khona muva nje kubabeke engcupheni, baya esiqiwini semvelo iGelijkwater Mistbelt. Lesi siqiwi esigcwele inkungu silungele ukusingathwa kwe-oribi ebikade ihlala kule ndawo kodwa yanyamalala eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Onogada bahlala begada le ndawo, beqinisekisa ukuthi isiqiwi siyindawo ephephile ye-oribi engenamakhaya.
Njengoba umhlaba olimekayo uhlanza futhi imfuyo eminingi idla ezindaweni ezinkulu zomhlaba, i-oribi isunduzelwa ezindaweni zokuhlala ezincane futhi eziqhekekile. Leli phethini lizibonakalisa ngokwanda kwenani lama-oribi atholakala ezindaweni ezivikelekile futhi kude nezindawo zokuhlala. Nakulezi zindawo ezivikelekile, inani labantu alivikelekile ngokuphelele.Isibonelo, iBoma National Park neSouth National Park eSouth Sudan babike ukwehla kwabantu kule minyaka edlule.
I-Oribi yinyamazane encane edume ngendawo yayo enhle futhi itholakala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ase-sub-Saharan Africa. Unemilenze ezacile nentamo ende, nenhle enomsila omfishane, opholile. Namuhlaoribi Ingabe esinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezisongelwa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, yize zisekhona ezimbalwa kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye eziningi ze-Afrika.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01/17/2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 03.10.2019 ngo-17: 30
