U-Otter - omele amakhekhe omndeni weasel. Lesi akusona nje isilwane esintofontofo nesibukeka simnandi, kepha futhi siyisibhukudi esingakhathali, ukudilika, isilo esihlakaniphile, nesilwi sangempela, esilungele ukulwa nomuntu ongahlakaniphile. Amanzi ayisici se-otter, ukuduma kwezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nezimbaza. Esikhaleni se-Intanethi, i-otter iyathandwa impela, lokhu akuchazwa nje ngokubukeka kwayo okukhangayo, kepha futhi nangokuthambekela kwayo, isimo sayo sokudlala.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Otter
I-otter yisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama esivela emndenini wama-marten. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 ezahlukahlukene kuhlobo lwe-otters, yize zaziwa eziyi-13. Izinhlobo zaseJapan zalezi zilwane ezithokozisayo zinyamalale ngokuphelele emhlabeni wethu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi, kepha ezidume kakhulu yilezi:
- umfula otter (ovamile);
- I-otter yaseBrazil (enkulu);
- i-sea otter (i-sea otter);
- ISumatran otter;
- I-otter yase-Asia (engenazipho).
I-otter yomfula yiyona evame kakhulu, sizoqonda izici zayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa sizofunda ezinye izici zesici ngalunye lwenhlobo evezwe ngenhla. U-otter omkhulu ozinze emgodini wase-Amazon, uthanda nje izindawo ezishisayo. Kanye nomsila, ubukhulu bayo bulingana namamitha amabili, kanti isilwane esinjalo sinesisindo esingama-20 kg. I-Paws inoboya obunamandla, obunemibala, obunemibala emnyama. Ngenxa yakhe, inani lama-otters lehle kakhulu.
Ama-sea otters, noma ama-sea otters, abizwa nangokuthi ama-sea beavers. Ama-sea otters ahlala eKamchatka, eNyakatho Melika naseziQhingini zase-Aleutian. Zikhulu kakhulu, isisindo sabesilisa sifinyelela kuma-35 kg. Lezi zilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zinamasu. Ukudla abakutholayo bakubeka ephaketheni elikhethekile elitholakala ngaphansi kwesidladla sangaphambili sobunxele. Ukudla ama-molluscs, ahlukanisa amagobolondo awo ngamatshe. Ama-otter asolwandle nawo angaphansi kokuvikelwa, manje inani lawo lenyuke kancane, kepha ukuzingela kuhlala kungavunyelwe.
Ividiyo: Otter
ISumatran otter ihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uhlala emahlathini omango, emaxhaphozini, ngasogwini lwemifudlana yezintaba. Isici esivelele salesi otter ngamakhala aso, sintofontofo njengawo wonke umzimba waso. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kubukeka njenge-otter ejwayelekile. Ubukhulu bayo buphakathi nendawo. Isisindo singaba ngu-7 kg, dina - ngaphezu nje kwemitha elilodwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: i-otter yase-Asia ihlala e-Indonesia nase-Indochina. Uyathanda ukutholakala emasimini elayisi agcwele amanzi. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zokubumbana. Ikhula ibe ngu-45 cm ubude kuphela.
Uzipho lwezidladla zakhe alwakhekile kahle, lincane kakhulu futhi ulwelwesi aluthuthukiswa. Umehluko wesici phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-otter uncike endaweni ahlala kuyo. Yize kunomehluko othile, noma kunjalo, wonke ama-otter anokufana okuthile kumapharamitha amaningi, esizocubungula ukusebenzisa i-otter yomfula ovamile njengesibonelo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal otter
Umzimba we-otter yomfula uvulekile futhi unesimo esihlelekile. Ubude ngaphandle komsila buyehluka kuye ngesiqingatha semitha kuya kwimitha. Umsila uqobo ungasuka kumasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-50. Isisindo esimaphakathi singu-6 - 13 kg. I-cutie otter ehlekisayo inezifonyo ezithambile, ezibanzi nezimadegi. Izindlebe namehlo mancane futhi ayindilinga. Imilenze ye-otter, njengaleyo yokubhukuda okuhloniphekile, inamandla, imfushane futhi inezinzipho nezikhumba ezinde. Umsila mude, uthambile. Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze abhukude. Umzingeli uqobo unomusa futhi uyaguquguquka.
Uboya be-otter buhle, yingakho uvame ukuhlupheka ngabazingeli. Umbala wangemuva unsundu, futhi isisu sikhanya kakhulu futhi sinesibani esiliva. Ukusuka ngenhla, ijazi loboya liqinile, futhi ngaphansi kwalo kunengubo yangaphansi ethambile, eminyene futhi efudumele engavumeli amanzi ukuthi adlulele emzimbeni we-otter, ihlale ifudunyezwa njalo. Ama-Otter ahlanzekile futhi athanda ukudlala ngothando, ahlala njalo enakekela isimo sejazi lawo loboya, ewahlanza ngokucophelela ukuze uboya buthambile futhi buthofe, lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bangabi yiqhwa emakhazeni, ngoba ama-muster otter cishe awanamafutha emizimbeni yabo. Zincibilika entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Abesifazane nabesilisa kuma-otters bafana kakhulu, ubukhulu babo kuphela obubahlukanisa. Owesilisa mkhulu kancane kunowesifazane. Ngeso lenyama, akunakwenzeka ngokushesha ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ophambi kwakho - owesilisa noma owesifazane? Isici esithandekayo salezi zilwane ukuba khona kwama-valve akhethekile ezindlebeni nasemakhaleni, okuvimba ukungena kwamanzi lapho utshuza. Amehlo e-otter ahle kakhulu, ngisho nangaphansi kwamanzi aqonde ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane ezizingelayo zizizwa zizinhle, emanzini nasemhlabeni.
Ihlala kuphi i-otter?
Isithombe: River Otter
I-otter itholakala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Australia. Ziyizilwane ezinamanzi amancane, ngakho-ke zinikela ngokuthanda kwazo ukuhlala eduze namachibi, imifula, amaxhaphozi. Imizimba yamanzi ingahluka, kepha isimo esisodwa asiguquki - lokhu ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi nokugeleza kwawo. I-otter ngeke ihlale emanzini angcolile. Ezweni lakithi, i-otter ikuyo yonke indawo, ihlala ngisho naseNyakatho Ekude, eChukotka.
Indawo ehlala i-otter inganweba amakhilomitha amaningana (kufika ku-20). Izindawo zokuhlala ezincane kakhulu zivame ukuba semifuleni futhi zimboze cishe amakhilomitha amabili. Izindawo eziningi zibanzi eduze nemifudlana yezintaba. Kwabesilisa, zinde kakhulu kunezabesifazane, futhi ukuhlangana kwazo kuvame ukubonwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-otter efanayo imvamisa inezindlu eziningana endaweni yayo lapho ichitha khona isikhathi. Lezi zidlakela azakhi imizi yazo. Ama-Otters ahlala emifantwini ehlukahlukene phakathi kwamatshe, ngaphansi kwezimfino zezitshalo ezisedamini.
Lezi zindawo zokuhlala zivame ukuba nezindawo zokuphuma eziningi zokuphepha. Futhi, ama-otter ajwayele ukusebenzisa izindlu ezishiywa ama-beaver, lapho ahlala khona ngokuphepha. I-otter ihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ihlala inendawo yokuhlala. Izosiza uma kwenzeka indawo yakhe yokuhlala enkulu isendaweni enezikhukhula.
Idlani i-otter?
Isithombe: Otter omncane
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwe-otter, yiqiniso, izinhlanzi. Lezi zilwane ezidliwayo ezenziwe ngamakhekhe zithanda ama-mollusks, zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans. Ama-Otter nawo awadeleli amaqanda ezinyoni, izinyoni ezincane, azingela namagundane amancane. Ngisho ne-muskrat ne-beaver otter bangakudla ngokujabula uma enenhlanhla yokubabamba. I-otter ingadla izinyoni zasemanzini, ngokuvamile ezilimele.
Isikhathi esiningi sempilo sichithwa yi-otter ukuze izitholele ukudla. Ungumzingeli ongahlaliseki, othi emanzini angajaha ngokushesha inyamazane yakhe, anqobe afike kumamitha angama-300. Njengoba sele icwile, i-otter ingenza ngaphandle komoya imizuzu emibili. Lapho i-otter isigcwele, usengakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuzingela kwakhe, futhi ngenhlanzi ebanjiwe uzovele adlale futhi azijabulise.
Kwezokudoba, umsebenzi wama-otter ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba badla izinhlanzi ezingezona ezentengiselwano ukudla, okungadla amaqanda kanye nefry yezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo. I-otter idla cishe ikhilogremu lenhlanzi ngosuku. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi udla izinhlanzi ezincane emanzini, azibeke esiswini sakhe, njengetafula, bese edonsela izinhlanzi ezinkulu ogwini, lapho adla khona ngokujabula.
Njengoba lo mthandi wezinhlanzi ofakwe emanzini amhlophe ehlanzekile kakhulu, ngemuva kwesithwathwa, ushayela emanzini, ahlanze uboya bakhe ezinsaleleni zezinhlanzi. Lapho ubusika buphela, kuvuleka igebe lomoya phakathi kweqhwa namanzi, bese i-otter liyisebenzisa, lihambe ngempumelelo ngaphansi kweqhwa futhi lifune inhlanzi yokudla kwasemini.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imetabolism yama-otters angamonelwa kalula. Uphuthuma kangangokuba ukugayeka nokwenziwa kokudla okudliwayo kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, yonke inqubo ithatha ihora kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenzisa amandla amakhulu kwesilwane, esizingela isikhathi eside futhi sisebenzise emanzini apholile (imvamisa eyiqhwa), lapho ukushisa kungahlali emzimbeni wesilwane isikhathi eside.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Otter
Indlela yokuphila yasemanzini yohlobo lwe-otter ngokuyinhloko yalolonga impilo yayo nobunjalo bayo. I-otter ilalelisise futhi iyaqaphela. Unokuzwa okumangazayo, iphunga nokubona okuhle kakhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-otter luphila ngendlela yalo. I-otter ejwayelekile yomfula ikhetha indlela yokuphila ehlukile, isilwane esinjalo esinamakhekhe sithanda ukuhlala sodwa, sihlala endaweni yaso, lapho silawula khona ngempumelelo.
Lezi zilwane ziyasebenza kakhulu futhi ziyadlala, ziyabhukuda njalo, zingahamba amabanga amade ngezinyawo, futhi zizingela ngendlela ehambayo. Ngaphandle kokuqapha kwakhe, i-otter inesimo sokuthokoza kakhulu, inentshiseko nentshisekelo. Ehlobo, ngemuva kokubhukuda, abanqeni ukufudumeza amathambo abo elangeni, babambe imifudlana yemisebe efudumele. Futhi ebusika, azijwayelene nobumnandi bezingane obandile njengokushushuluza phansi intaba. Ama-Otters athanda ukushaya ngale ndlela, eshiya umzila omude endaweni eneqhwa.
Ihlala kusukela esiswini sabo, abayisebenzisa njengocezu lweqhwa. Bagibela emabhange amakhulu ehlobo, ngemuva kwakho konke ukuzilibazisa kokuzithokozisa, bezwakala kakhulu emanzini. Ngenkathi ugibele ukugibela okunjalo, ama-otter ayakhala futhi ashaye ikhwela ahlekise. Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu abakwenzi nje ukuzijabulisa, kodwa futhi nokuhlanza amajazi abo oboya. Inqwaba yezinhlanzi, amanzi ahlanzekile nahambayo, izindawo ezivalekile ezingahambeki - lesi isiqinisekiso sendawo yokuhlala ejabulisayo yanoma iyiphi i-otter.
Uma kunokudla okwanele endaweni ekhethiwe ye-otter, khona-ke ingaphila ngempumelelo isikhathi eside lapho. Isilwane sithanda ukuhamba ngezindlela ezifanayo ezijwayelekile. I-otter ayiboshelwe ngokuqinile endaweni ethile yokuthunyelwa kwayo. Uma ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kuba yindlala kakhulu, khona-ke isilwane siqhubeka nohambo lokuzitholela indawo yokuhlala efaneleke ngokwengeziwe, lapho kungeke kube khona izinkinga ngokudla. Ngakho, i-otter ingahamba amabanga amade. Ngisho nangaphezulu koqweqwe lweqhwa neqhwa elijulile, kungenza ushintsho luye ku-18 - 20 km ngosuku.
Kumele kungezwe ukuthi ama-otter ajwayele ukuzingela ebusuku, kepha hhayi njalo. Uma i-otter izizwa iphephe ngokuphelele, ingaziboni izinsongo, khona-ke iyasebenza futhi inamandla cishe ubusuku nemini - lokhu kungumthombo onamandla nobungqabavu ongapheli futhi onamandla!
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Animal otter
Ukuxhumana nokuxhumana kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-otter kunezimpawu zawo nokwehluka. Ama-sea otters, ngokwesibonelo, ahlala emaqenjini lapho kukhona khona abesilisa nabesifazane. Futhi i-otter yaseCanada incamela ukwakha amaqembu abesilisa kuphela, ama-bachelor squads aphelele, abalelwa ezilwaneni eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-12.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ama-otters omfula angama-loners. Abesifazane, kanye namantshontsho abo, bahlala endaweni efanayo, kodwa owesifazane ngamunye uzama ukuhlukanisa indawo yakhe ehlukanisiwe kuyo. Ezandleni zowesilisa, kunezindawo ezisendaweni enkulu kakhulu, lapho ahlala yedwa yedwa kuze kuqale isikhathi sokukhwelana.
Amabili akhiwa isikhathi esifushane sokukhwelana, bese owesilisa ebuyela empilweni yakhe ejwayelekile yamahhala, engathathi nhlobo iqhaza ekuxhumaneni nezingane zakhe. Isikhathi sokuzala ngokuvamile senzeka entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Indoda iyahlulela ukulungela kowesifazane ukusondela, ngokusho kwakhe amamaki anuka ngqo asele. Umzimba wama-otters ulungele ukuzala ngababili (kwabesifazane), emithathu (kwabesilisa) iminyaka yokuphila. Ukunqoba intokazi yenhliziyo, ama-otters angama-cavalier ahlala elwa ngokungakhathali
Insikazi izala amawundlu izinyanga ezimbili. Kuze kuzalwe izingane ezifika kwezine, kepha imvamisa kuba nezingane ezi-2 kuphela. U-Otter umama unakekela kakhulu futhi ukhulisa izingane zakhe kuze kube unyaka owodwa. Izingane zizalwe sezivele zinejazi loboya, kepha aziboni lutho, zinesisindo esingaba ngu-100 g. Emasontweni amabili zibona amehlo azo nokuthambekela kwazo kokuqala kuqala.
Cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili, sebevele baqala ukuqeqeshwa ngokubhukuda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinyo abo ayakhula, okusho ukuthi baqala ukuzidlela ukudla kwabo. Noma kunjalo, zisencane kakhulu futhi zingabhekana nezingozi ezahlukahlukene, noma zinezinyanga eziyisithupha zihlala zisondele kunina. Umama ufundisa inzalo yakhe ukudoba, ngoba impilo yabo incike kuyo. Kuphela lapho izingane zinonyaka owodwa ubudala lapho ziba namandla ngokugcwele futhi zibe ngabantu abadala, zikulungele ukubhukuda mahhala.
Izitha zemvelo ze-otter
Isithombe: River Otter
Ama-Otters ahola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, azama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifihliwe ezingahambeki kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Noma kunjalo, lezi zilwane zinezitha ezanele.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesilwane kanye nendawo esihlala kuyo, lokhu kungaba:
- izingwenya;
- ama-jaguar;
- amasofa;
- izimpisi;
- izinja ezilahlekile;
- izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama;
- amaBhele;
- umuntu.
Imvamisa bonke laba bantu abangafuni ukuhlasela bahlasela izilwane ezincane nezingenakho okuhlangenwe nakho. Ngisho nempungushe ingaba yingozi ku-otter, yize, kaningi, ibhekisa kwi-otter elimele noma ebhajwe. I-otter iyakwazi ukuzivikela ngesibindi esikhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho impilo yentsha yayo isengozini. Kunamacala lapho angena empini ne-alligator futhi aphuma kuyo ngempumelelo. I-otter ethukuthele inamandla kakhulu, inesibindi, iyashesha futhi inobuhlakani.
Noma kunjalo, abantu bayingozi enkulu kunazo zonke kwi-otter. Futhi iphuzu lapha alikho kuphela ekuzingeleni nasekuphishekeleni uboya be-chic, kepha futhi nasemisebenzini yabantu. Ngokubamba izinhlanzi ngobuningi, ukungcolisa imvelo, ngaleyo ndlela uqothula i-otter, esengozini yokuqothulwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal otter
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi inani lama-otters lehle kakhulu, inani labantu manje selisongelwa. Yize lezi zilwane zihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Australia, yonke indawo i-otter ingaphansi kwesimo sokongiwa kwemvelo futhi ibhalwe kuRed Book. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo zaseJapan zalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba emuva ngonyaka wezi-2012. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo esidabukisayo sabantu ngabantu. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuzingela neyezomnotho ibeka engcupheni lezi zilwane ezidla amankonyane Izikhumba zazo eziyigugu ziheha abazingeli, eziholele ekubhujisweni kwenqwaba yezilwane. Ikakhulukazi ebusika, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni banolaka.
Izimo ezimbi zezemvelo nazo zithinta ama-otter. Uma imizimba yamanzi ingcoliswa, kusho ukuthi inhlanzi iyanyamalala, i-otter iswele ukudla, okuholela ekufeni kwezilwane. Ama-otter amaningi abanjwa ngamanetha okudoba futhi afe, abhajwe kuwo. Ezikhathini zamuva nje, abadobi baye baqothula i-otter ngonya ngoba idla izinhlanzi. Emazweni amaningi, i-otter evamile manje ayisatholakali, yize yayijwayele ukusakazwa lapho. Lokhu kubandakanya iBelgium, iNetherlands neSwitzerland.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Otter
Isithombe: Otter ebusika
Zonke izinhlobo zama-otter okwamanje ziseRed Book yamazwe omhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo, inani labantu lenyuka kancane (sea otter), kepha isimo sisonke sidabukisa. Ukuzingela, vele, akwenziwa njengakuqala, kepha amadamu amaningi, lapho i-otter yayihlala khona, angcoliswe kakhulu.
Ukuthandwa kwe-otter, okubangelwa ukubukeka kwayo okukhangayo kanye nomlingiswa ojabulayo, kwenza abantu abaningi bacabange ngokwengeziwe ngosongo abantu abalubeka kulesi silwane esithokozisayo. Mhlawumbe, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, isimo sizoshintsha sibe ngcono, futhi inani lama-otter lizoqala ukukhula kancane.
U-Otter ayisihlawulisi ngokuqiniseka kuphela nangomdlandla, kepha futhi ifeza nomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuhlanza imizimba yamanzi, isebenze njengokuhleleka kwayo kwemvelo, ngoba okokuqala nje, badla izinhlanzi ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-16: 38
