IsiLarga - uhlobo lwezimpawu ezivame ukuhlala ogwini lwaseRussia Far East, emanzini asenyakatho oLwandlekazi iPacific kusukela eziqhingini zaseJapan kuya e-Alaska. Igama lesayensi lalezi zidalwa ezinhle (i-Phoca largha) liqukethe i-Latin "phoca" - uphawu, kanye ne-Tunguska "largha", okungajwayelekile ukuthi ihunyushwe nangokuthi "uphawu".
Incazelo kanye nezimpawu zophawu lwesimpawu
Lezi zimvu zamanzi azinakubizwa ngokuthi zinkulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo. Banomzimba ominyene, ikhanda elincane uma kuqhathaniswa nesifonyo esihlanganisiwe nekhala eli-V elihlotshiswe ngo-V. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo nasesifubeni somlomo, umuntu angabona amadevu aminyene alula (i-vibrissae), okuyindalo eyinikeze ngokukhululekile i-larga.
Amehlo wophawu makhulu, amnyama futhi acacisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamehlo, izimvu zamanzi zibona ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi nasemhlabeni. Abafundi babo bavulekile kangangokuba amehlo abo abonakala emnyama. Amehlo abantu abasha ahlala echamela, ngoba adinga ukufuthwa, lokhu kwenza amehlo abo angene ikakhulukazi.
Amaphiko angaphambili mancane ngosayizi, uma ushayela ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenza njengama-rudders, kuthi lawo angemuva amafushane ahlinzekele ngokudonsa. Izimpiko zezindluzelekazi, naphezu kobukhulu bazo, zinamandla kakhulu futhi zinemisipha.
Amasayizi we-Larga seal ziphakathi kuka-1.9-2.2 m, isisindo siyahlukahluka kuye ngesizini: ekwindla ngo-130-150 kg, ngemuva kobusika - ngama-80-100 kuphela. Umehluko ngosayizi phakathi kwabesifazane kanye uphawu lowesilisa engabalulekile.
Incazelo yophawu lwesimpawu bekungaphelele uma kungashiwo amagama ambalwa ngombala wayo. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi uphawu lubizwa nangokuthi uphawu lwe-motley nophawu olunamabala. Ngokuya ngendawo okuhlala kuyo, umbala wophawu lungahluka kusuka kusiliva kuye kwimpunga emnyama.
Amabala amancanyana wesimo esingajwayelekile ahlukaniswe ngokungahleliwe emzimbeni wonke, umbala wawo umyalo wobukhulu obumnyama kunethoni eyinhloko. Iningi lalawa mabala angajwayelekile asemuva nasekhanda lesilwane.
Seal seal yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Seal uphawu ithanda ukubhukuda emanzini angajulile, emaweni athule futhi iphumule ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinamadwala noma eziqhingini ezincane. Kuze kufike kubantu abayikhulu ngasikhathi sinye bangaba se-rookery eyodwa; ngesikhathi sokuzala kwezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo, inani labo lisezinkulungwaneni.
Izidleke zezimvu zamanzi, njengesihlobo sazo esiseduze kakhulu, uphawu lwentshebe (uphawu lwentshebe), lwakhiwa nsuku zonke futhi luyahlakazeka ngomsinga. Ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kweqhwa elisheshayo, izimvu zamanzi ezinamabala zikhetha ukuphumula ezintabeni zeqhwa.
Seal seal izilwane eziqaphe kakhulu, kuyaqabukela ziye kude nolwandle, ukuze kuthi uma kwenzeka zengozi zisheshe zingene emanzini. Lezi zimpawu azinamatheli ndawo ethile futhi zishiya kalula izindawo abazikhethile phambilini. Uma ngolunye usuku i-larga isaba kusuka ku-rookery, akunakwenzeka ukuthi iphindele lapho futhi.
Imvamisa izihlobo zophawu, izimvu zamanzi ezinentshebe nezimpawu ezivaliwe, zihlala endaweni futhi zithandana ngokuthula. Kepha ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlobo kukhona isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile: abesilisa abanamandla nabakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphumula basondele emanzini, bahambisa izilwane ezigulayo nezincane. Ngakho-ke abantu ababusayo banamathuba amaningi okuphunyuka lapho kunosongo ezweni.
Eqhweni, izimvu zamanzi zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu, naphezu kokubonakala kwazo ukuvilapha. Ukunyakaza kwazo kucishe kukhumbuze izinhlanga eziyindida. Kepha emanzini anomusa ngokweqiniso futhi uyashesha. Ulwandle luyikhaya labo kubo.
Isitha esiyinhloko semvelo sophawu akusilo ibhere le-polar, njengoba abaningi becabanga, kodwa umkhomo obulalayo. Ngempela, amabhere awaphikisani nokuzingela amafutha, apholile, kodwa kunembeza wawo kuphela ingxenye elusizi ekuhlaselweni nasekufeni kwezimpawu.
Umkhomo obulalayo ungolunye udaba. Lezi zidlakela ezinkulu nezinesihluku zibulala ngejubane lombani: zigxumela ogwini, zibambe inyamazane engaqaphile bese ziyidonsela emanzini.
Ezintabeni zeqhwa akukho lapho bangabalekela khona: bagoqa iqhwa ngamakhanda abo, bephoqa uphawu ukuba lungene emanzini, lapho kulindwe khona izilo ezifanayo.
Ukudla
Indawo yokuhlala - amanzi abandayo e-Arctic oLwandlekazi iPacific. Lapho befuna ukudla, bangahamba amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha. Ngesikhathi sama-salmonids, izimpawu ze-motley zingabonakala nasemilonyeni yemifula, kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphuka kakhulu - amashumi amakhilomitha.
ILargi inekhono lokushintshela ngokushesha ekudleni okungabizi kakhulu futhi kunenala. Ukudla kwazo kuya ngesizini, kepha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka kusekelwe ezinhlanzini, ezingenamgogodla kanye nama-crustaceans.
Kudla uLarga nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-benthic, ne-pelagic. IHering, capelin, polar cod, pollock, navaga. i-smelt namanye ama-jamb yizibiliboco azithandayo.
Izimpawu ezinamabala nazo zidla isalmon, zingabamba i-octopus noma inkalankala encane. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe imfanzi, i-krill, nezinhlobo eziningi ze-shellfish. Ngokudla kwayo, uphawu oluguqukayo lungadonsela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300.
Umncintiswano we-Interspecific trophic phakathi kwezimpawu unamandla kakhulu. Bobabili baphumula kwamakhelwane futhi bazingela ezindaweni ezifanayo. ILarga ivame ukulimaza abadobi ngokudoba kwayo: yephula noma iphambanisa amanetha ekuphishekeleni inyamazane. Ama-anglers angokuhlangenwe nakho asabisa ngokukhethekile izimvu zamanzi ukuze angazingeli eduze.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Teviaki, izimpawu nezinye izimpawu eziningi yizilwane zesithembu. Bakha amabhangqa amasha minyaka yonke, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10-11, kuzalwa amawundlu. Izikhathi zokukhwelana nezokushaywa ziyahluka kubantu abahlukahlukene. Inqubo yokufaka umquba yenzeka emanzini, kepha ososayensi abakaze bakwazi ukukuqaphela lokhu.
Vala owesifazane ibeletha entwasahlobo, ezimweni eziningi, izinyane elilodwa. Indawo azalelwa kuyo ivamise ukuntanta eqhweni, kodwa-ke, uma ingekho i-ice cover eyanele nesikhathi esincane seqhwa, i-larga izala inzalo emhlabeni. Isibonelo esigqamile sale ndlela isibalo sabantu balezi zimvu endaweni yasePeter the Great Bay.
Omncane largi esithombeni kubukeka kuthinta kakhulu. Ingubo yakhe yoboya bezingane emhlophe njengeqhwa, lapho ezalwa khona, inika isithombe sokuthi uyithoyizi. Kanye namehlo ayo amakhulu, umfanekiso wophawu oluncane ungumbono ongenakuqhathaniswa. Uma uzibuka, kusala ukuthi kazi ungaziloba kanjani lezi zidalwa.
Uphawu lwengane lapho luzalwa lunesisindo esisuka ku-7 kuye ku-11 kg. Ukwanda kwesisindo kungu-0.5-1 kg ngosuku, okungukuthi, cishe u-10% wesisindo esiphelele. Umama wesembozo wondla ithole lakhe izinsuku ezingama-20 - 25, ngalesi sikhathi uyakwazi ukuqina futhi athole isisindo esikhulu, uphawu lwenyanga lufinyelela kuma-42 kg.
Ekupheleni kokuncelisa ubisi, umdlwane osalindile udlula kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-juvenile molt: ushintsha uboya bawo obuneqhwa, obubizwa ngokuthi umdlwane, besikhumba esimpunga, njengabantu abadala.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu - ezinsukwini eziyi-5. Esencibilikile, uqala ukuzingela yedwa, azitholele inhlanzi encane, kepha useceleni kukanina. Uphawu olusencane lugcina uthando lwalo unyaka wonke, noma ku-rookery, luzama ukuhlala eduze kwalo.
Seal uphawu
Abesilisa bavame ukubonakala eduze kwesifazane nomdlwane. Balinda ukuthi abuye athole amandla okushada. Izimpawu zamanzi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngeminyaka engu-3-4, abanye abantu kamuva - ngeminyaka engu-7. Endle, la mapinipipi aphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka engama-25, ikakhulukazi abanenhlanhla bangaphila iminyaka engama-35.
ILarga, ngokudabukisayo njengoba kunjalo, iyinhlobo yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano. EMpumalanga Ekude, ukuzingela ama-seal ibhizinisi elinenzuzo enkulu. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kunezinkulungwane ezingaba ngu-230 kuphela emhlabeni.
