Ibhande lasezindaweni ezishisayo lihlanganisa ukufana okukhulu ngaphakathi kwezwe elisenyakatho naseningizimu. Umoya ehlobo ungashiswa kuze kufike ku- + 30 noma +50, ebusika izinga lokushisa lehla.
Ehlobo, ukushisa okukhulu emini kungahlanganiswa ne-snap ebandayo kusihlwa. Ingaphezulu kwesigamu semvula yaminyaka yonke iwela ebusika.
Izinhlobo zesimo sezulu
Izinga lokusondela kwendawo olwandle lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana esimweni sezulu esishisayo:
- Izwekazi. Kubonakala ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile ezindaweni ezimaphakathi zamazwekazi. Isimo sezulu esicacile sivame kakhulu, kepha izivunguvungu zothuli ezinemimoya enamandla zingenzeka. Amazwe amaningi anjalo asifanele lesi simo sezulu: INingizimu Melika, i-Australia, i-Afrika;
- isimo sezulu sasolwandle simnene nemvula eningi. Ehlobo, isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi sicacile, kanti ubusika bumnene ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngenkathi yehlobo, umoya ungafudumala kuze kufike ku- + 25, kanti ebusika - kuphole ku- + 15, okudala izimo ezifanele zokuphila komuntu.
Amazwe asebhanti elishisayo
- I-Australia yisifunda esiphakathi.
- INyakatho neMelika: Mexico, izifunda ezisentshonalanga yeCuba
- INingizimu Melika: IBolivia, iPeru, iParaguay, inyakatho yeChile, iBrazil.
- I-Afrika: kusuka enyakatho - i-Algeria, iMauritania, iLibya, iGibhithe, iChad, iMali, iSudan, iNiger. Ibhande lase-Afrika eliseningizimu eshisayo lihlanganisa i-Angola, iNamibia, iBotswana neZambia.
- I-Asia: I-Yemen, iSaudi Arabia, i-Oman, ne-India.
Imephu yeTropical Belt
Chofoza ukuze ukhulise
Izindawo zemvelo
Izindawo eziyinhloko zemvelo zalesi simo sezulu yilezi:
- amahlathi;
- i-semi-desert;
- ehlane.
Amahlathi amanzi atholakala ogwini olusempumalanga ukusuka eMadagascar kuya e-Oceania. Izimbali nezilwane zicebile ngokwahluka kwazo. Kusehlathini elinjalo okungaphezu kuka-2/3 wazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane zomhlaba.
Ihlathi lisheshe liphenduke ama-savanna, anobude obude, lapho kuhlala khona uhlaza oluncane oluyisimo sotshani notshani. Izihlahla kule ndawo azivamile futhi zingezinhlobo ezingamelana nesomiso.
Amahlathi enkathi ethile asabalala asondele enyakatho naseningizimu yamaxhaphozi. Zibonakala ngenani elincane lemivini kanye namafern. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izihlahla ezinjalo zilahlekelwa ngokuphelele amahlamvu.
Amaphasela womhlaba owugwadule angatholakala emazweni anjenge-Afrika, i-Asia ne-Australia. Kulezi zindawo zemvelo, kubonakala ihlobo elishisayo nobusika obufudumele.
Ezingwadule ezishisayo, umoya ungashiswa ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-50, futhi kanye nokoma kwawo okwandisiwe, imvula iphenduka isitimu futhi ayikhiqizi. Ezingwadule zalolu hlobo, kunezinga elikhulayo lokuchayeka elangeni. Izimila ziyindlala.
Izingwadule ezinkulu kunazo zonke zitholakala e-Afrika; lokhu kufaka iSahara neNamib.
Izimbali nezilwane
Ibhande lasezindaweni ezishisayo laziwa ngohlaza lwalo olunothile; ngaphezu kuka-70% wabamele izitshalo zomhlaba wonke bakhona endaweni yalo:
- amahlathi anexhaphozi anezimila ezincane ngenxa yokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo omncane enhlabathini. Ngokuvamile, ihlathi elinjalo litholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ezinamaxhaphozi;
- amahlathi emihlume aseduze nokugeleza kwenqwaba yomoya ofudumele; izitshalo zakha uhlelo olunamazinga amaningi. Ihlathi elinjalo libonakala ngobuningi obuphezulu bemqhele kanye nokuba khona kwezimpande ngendlela kadoti;
- amahlathi asezintabeni akhula endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwekhilomitha futhi anezendlalelo eziningana. I-tier engenhla ifaka phakathi izihlahla: ama-fern, ama-oki ahlala eluhlaza, ne-tier engezansi kuhlala utshani: ubulembu, ubulembu Imvula enamandla ikhuthaza inkungu;
- Amahlathi ezinkathi ezithile ahlukaniselwa emahlathini ahlala eluhlaza (eucalyptus), amahlathi ahlala njalo eluhlaza anezihlahla ezichitha amahlamvu kuphela ohlangothini olungaphezulu ngaphandle kokuthinta elingezansi.
Endaweni eshisayo ingakhula: izihlahla zesundu, i-cacti, i-acacia, izihlahla ezahlukahlukene, i-euphorbia nezitshalo zomhlanga.
Iningi labamele umhlaba wezilwane bakhetha ukuhlala emiqhele yemithi: amagundane wesikwele, izinkawu, ama-sloth. Kule ndawo kutholakala: ama-hedgehogs, ama-tiger, izingwe, ama-lemurs, obhejane, izindlovu.
Izilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye, amagundane ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinezinselo, izinambuzane zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingama savanna.
