I-Axolotl Ingabe uhlobo olumangazayo, olungavamile kakhulu lwezidalwa eziphilayo. Elinye igama udrako we-aquarium. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuqili, ubugagu nokushesha kwezilwane kuvame ukukhuliswa njengabahlali be-aquarium. Zimelela isigaba sezibungu sokuthuthuka kwama-amphibian anomsila.
Namuhla ziyizinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Kwakulolu hlobo lwezidalwa eziphilayo ezakhuthaza abagqwayizi ukudala izithombe ezinhle nezicacile zamadragoni, ezifanayo kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Axolotl
I-axolotl ibhekwa njenge-chordate amphibian. Ungummeleli we-oda lama-amphibian anomsila, umndeni we-ambistomaceae, ama-axolotls ohlobo. Lesi silwane singaphansi kwezinhlobo ze-Ambistoma yaseMexico. Lolu hlobo, kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwe-ambistom, yizidalwa ezimangalisayo ezibonakala nge-neoteny. Kuhunyushwe kusuka olimini lwasendulo lwesiGreki, leli khono elihlukile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "intsha engapheli."
Ikhono elimangalisayo lama-axolotls lilele ekhonweni lokuba khona njengesibungu kukho konke ukuphila kwabo ngaphandle kokuphenduka ifomu lomuntu omdala. Azibonakalwanga yi-metamorphosis. Lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo esithile sendlala yegilo. It cishe ayihlanganisi iodine, esebenza njengesishoshozi se-metamorphosis.
Ividiyo ye-Axolotl:
Ososayensi nabaphenyi abakakwazi ukufika esivumelwaneni futhi bakhe umbono wokuvela nokuvela kwama-dinosaurs asemanzini. Kuyaziwa ukuthi igama lala ma-amphibian lathathwa kumaGrikhi asendulo, noma kunalokho ngisho nakuma-Aztec, abiza la ma-dragons "izinja zamanzi".
Ngokwenganekwane yama-Aztec asendulo, kwake kwaba noNkulunkulu osemusha omi phakade futhi omuhle wesimo sezulu emhlabeni. Igama lakhe kwakunguSholotl. Wayebonakala ngobuqili, ubuhlakani, ubuhlakani nobuqili. Futhi manje abantu ababekhona ngalesosikhathi ezikhathini ezikude behambisana noNkulunkulu, bakhathala ngobuhlakani bakhe nangobuqili futhi banquma ukumfundisa isifundo. Kodwa-ke, uNkulunkulu Sholotl wayenobuqili kakhulu kunabantu. Uphenduke i-axolotl, wazifihla kwabafuna okubi ekujuleni kolwandle.
Ngokwezifundo, ososayensi basikisela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinto eziphilayo lwaluhlala emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 edlule. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezitholakala ezimweni zemvelo: ama-tiger nama-ambistomas aseMexico, kanye namafomu amabili: i-neotenic, noma i-larval, kanye nomhlaba, abantu abadala abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ikhaya le-Axolotl
I-Axolotl iyindlela eyisibungu yanoma iyiphi i-ambistoma. Zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili, ngoba yilezi zinhlobo ezihlukaniswa yikhono elikhulu kakhulu le-neoteny. Imininingwane yangaphandle ye-axolotl iyenza ibukeke njengohlobo lwethoyizi, idayinaso evuselelwe yosayizi owehlisiwe. Intulo inekhanda elikhulu maqondana nomzimba. Ezinhlangothini zombili kunezimpondo ezintathu ezimbozwe ngama-villi. Lawa amagill angaphandle. Zingacindezelwa emzimbeni noma zikhuliswe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lezi zasemanzini zinesakhiwo esihlukile sohlelo lokuphefumula. Banamaphaphu, njengezitho zokuphefumula zangaphakathi, nama-gill, njengezangaphandle. Lokhu kubenza bazizwe bekhululekile kokubili emhlabeni nasemanzini.
Umzimba uvulekile, kukhona izitho nomsila. Amathambo azofakwa esikhundleni sezicubu ze-cartilage. Ithenda ikakhulukazi futhi ithambile kubantu abasha. Ikhanda linwetshiwe futhi liyindilinga. Umlomo obanzi, oyisicaba udala ukumamatheka okungapheli. Umlomo uqukethe amazinyo amaningi amancane futhi abukhali. Benza umsebenzi wokulungisa isisulu esibanjiwe. Akulungele ukuhlafuna noma ukuhlukanisa ukudla. Ekhanda kunamehlo amancane, ayindilinga, amnyama.
Umzimba wenewtt omncane uhlanjululwe, ubushelelezi, uvuleke wancantiswa kancane. Kukhona ugema olude ngemuva olusebenza njengomphetho. Kukhona nemivimbo eguqukayo enikeza ukubonakala komzimba we-annular. Kunezimbili ezimbili zemilenze. Ngaphambili izinzwane ezine, nezinyawo ezinhlanu emuva. Umsila kadrako wamanzi mude kakhulu. Sekukonke, nomzimba wakhe cishe ama-vertebrae angama-cartilaginous angama-dazini. Isigaba somsila sihamba kakhulu. Leli khono livumela izilwane zasolwandle ukuba zihambe ngokushesha emanzini.
Ubude bomzimba we-axolotl ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-40. Umthamo womzimba ungamasentimitha ayi-13-20, ubukhulu bomuntu oyedwa abudluli kuma-350 gram. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivelwanga kakhulu. Izinsikazi zilula kancane futhi zincane kunezeduna, futhi zinomsila omfishane. Umbala wedrako wamanzi ungahluka kakhulu: nsundu, mpunga, luhlaza, ingaba nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphethini osayizi abahlukahlukene emzimbeni wayo. Futhi, intulo ingakhanya ngombala ngokufakwa okuhlukile kuyo, noma imhlophe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamaphethini namamaki wombala ohlukile.
Ihlala kuphi i-axolotl?
Isithombe: Amphibian axolotl
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kuyaqabukela ngokweqile. Ihlala kakhulu emanzini amachibi aseMexico iCholco neXochimailko. Atholakala eMexico City endaweni ephakeme cishe ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Isifunda salezo okuthiwa iziqhingi ezintantayo sinezimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuphila nokuzalanisa kwamadragoni wamanzi.
Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, abaqoqi baqala ukuzala ngenkuthalo la ma-amphibian ekhaya. Zigcinwa ekuthunjweni kuphela ezimweni ze-aquarium. Usayizi wayo ukhethwe ngokuya ngenombolo yabantu. Uma izinsizwa ezincane zineminyaka ehlukene, kungcono ukuzigcina zodwa, ngoba abantu abanamandla bazohlela izimpi futhi bacindezele, bathathe ukudla kwababuthakathaka. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-dragons amancane asemanzini adinga ukugcinwa ezimeni, kubalwa umthamo wamalitha angamashumi amahlanu lilinye. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho bekhula, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze isikhala ngasinye kulowo nalowo kubo.
Umuntu onquma ukuba nentulo ekhaya kufanele ahlomise i-aquarium ukuze yakhe izimo eziseduze nemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona izindlu, noma izindlu zokukhosela, kubekwa phansi ngenhlabathi, ngaphandle kwayo i-axolotl ingekho. Udinga nokukhanya kwemvelo. Lapho ukhetha inhlabathi, kungcono ukungasebenzisi isihlabathi, amatshe amancane. Kungcono ukunikela okuthandayo ngamatshe amancane, angenakugwinywa i-amphibian.
Uma ama-dragons amaningi ahlala e-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa izindlu eziningi nendawo yokukhosela ukuze ngamunye wabo akwazi ukukhetha.
Yini engasetshenziswa njengekhava:
- Izimbiza;
- Amatshe amatshe;
- Izinkuni ze-driftwood;
- I-ceramic yokufakelwa, izindlu zobumba;
- Ukhukhunathi oqoshiwe.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kungcono ukubeka i-aquarium kude nomthombo womsindo, kanye nekhompyutha, i-TV, nokukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo. Qinisekisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikhulu. Inketho efaneleke kakhulu ngama-13-18 degrees. Amanzi, afudumala aze afike kuma-degree angama-20 nangaphezulu, angavusa izifo ezimbi, ngisho nokufa kwentulo.
Idlani i-axolotl?
Isithombe: I-Axolotl ekhaya
Ama-amphibians amancane asebenzisa ama-molluscs amancane, ama-crustaceans namanye ama-ciliates njengomthombo wokudla.
Abantu abavuthiwe badla ngenjabulo:
- izibungu;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- iminenke;
- ama-cyclops;
- i-dophnium;
- amakhilikithi;
- izimbaza;
- umbungu wegazi;
- i-paramecium;
- inyama;
- inhlanzi.
Imininingwane ebalulekile. Lapho kugcinwa ezimeni ze-aquarium, akunconywa ukondla izidragons zamanzi ngenyama yasemanzini. Lo mkhiqizo uqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni elingadonswa uhlelo lokugaya lwe-axolotl.
Ungasebenzisa izinhlobo zokudla ezihloselwe izinhlanzi ezidlayo. Ezimweni ze-aquarium, lena inketho eyamukelekayo kakhulu, ngoba akulungile ukumane uphonse izinambuzane emanzini ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ngoba zidinga ukulingiswa kokuzingela. Ukudla okuphelile kunamandla okucwila kancane phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, udrako wamanzi uyakwazi ukumunca ngaphambi kokuntywila ezansi. Uma ukhetha ukuzondla ngezinambuzane ezingaphili, kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngezifinyela, ngoba i-axolotl isebenzisa imihlathi yayo kuphela ukulungisa umthombo wokudla ohambayo.
Uma ukudla kuwela ezansi kwe-aquarium, futhi ama-amphibians awanaso isikhathi sokukudla, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukukususe ngokushesha ukuze kungangcolisi i-aquarium futhi konakalise ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla ezimweni zemvelo yi-zooplankton, inhlanzi encane, izinambuzane ezihlala endaweni yasemanzini. Angathola kalula ngokwanele izitho, noma ezinye izitho zomzimba zabangane bakhe. Ukuze uzithole, i-axolotl iyazingela. Ukhetha indawo ecashile yokuqamekela, ubamba inkomba nesigqi sokugeleza kwamanzi futhi, lapho umuntu ongaba yisisulu esondela kuye, ahlasele kakhulu bese eyibamba ngomlomo ovulekile.
Ukuhlafuna akulona uphawu lwalawa ma-amphibian, ngakho-ke agwinya ukudla ngokuphelele. Inqubo yokugaya ukudla ithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lapho kungekho mthombo wamandla, ama-dragons wamanzi angaba khona ngokuthula ngaphandle kokudla amasonto ambalwa, ngenkathi ezizwa ekhululekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isilwane se-Axolotl
I-Axolotl incamela ukuhlala emanzini acwebile. Kusemanzini anjalo lapho ziphefumula kakhulu ngemishanguzo. Emhlabeni noma emanzini angcolisiwe, amaphaphu afakiwe ekuphefumuleni, futhi izigaxa ziyayeka kancane ukwenza umsebenzi wazo, futhi zingadambisa. Uma sezisesimweni esihle sendawo yokuhlala, ama-gill ayakhula futhi abuye enze imisebenzi yawo.
Ezimweni zemvelo, bakhetha indlela yokuphila efihliwe, eyedwa. Zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku.
Ama-Amphibian azolile futhi akajahile, yize ekwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha emanzini, egxuma ngemilenze yawo yangaphambili. Enkambeni yokuzingela, bahlala bekhetha indawo ezuzisa kakhulu, ngoba amehlo entulo ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi bangaboni lutho olungaphansi kwezinga lomzimba wabo.
Kwesinye isikhathi zingamane zilenge emanzini, zilandele okwamanje, zithinte izidladla zazo kancane. Umsila omude udlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi nokuhamba kokuhamba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Imvelo inikeze ama-dragons amanzi ngekhono elimangalisayo lokuvuselela hhayi amangqamuzana nezicubu kuphela, kodwa futhi ilahlekelwe imisila, izitho ngisho nezitho zangaphakathi!
Leli khono elimangalisayo lidale isithakazelo esikhulu kubaphenyi. I-Axolotl yabanjwa ngamanani amakhulu ocwaningo kanye nokuhlolwa okuningi kwelabhorethri. Leli khono likuvumela nokuthi ululame ngokushesha ezimpini, lapho izilwane zidabula izitho zomunye nomunye, imisila futhi zidale umonakalo omkhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-axolotl yaseMexico
Udrako wamanzi uzala kahle ezimweni zemvelo nasekuthunjweni e-aquarium. Isikhathi sokuzalisa sinobudlelwano bonyaka. Inzalo iyaqandusela entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Abantu bobulili obuhlukile abazongena ebudlelwaneni bomshado, ngokuqala kobumnyama, bahlela imidlalo yangempela yokukhwelana. Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa ubeka ama-spermatophotes emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi iyawaqoqa ibeke amaqanda angenamvubelo kuwo, noma iwamunce nge-cloaca. Ngemuva kosuku, usakaza amaqanda avundisiwe kuzimila ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini, noma izinto zokufakelwa ukuhlela i-aquarium.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, inkathi yokuzalanisa iqala ngokuncipha kokushisa kwamanzi.
Emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokubekwa kwamaqanda avundisiwe, amaqanda amancane, angabonakali. Ngaphandle, zifana nofeleba, noma izinhlanzi ezincane. Ubukhulu bazo abudluli usayizi wepea elincane. Ubude babo abudluli isentimitha elilodwa nohhafu, azikho izidladla. Imilenze ayikhuli ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imilenze yangaphambili ivela kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-90, imilenze yangemuva ngemuva kwesonto. Uma igcinwe ezimweni zokufakelwa, gazinga kudinga ukuguqula amanzi nsuku zonke, iwasefe, iwondle ngezibungu ezincane, izikelemu zegazi, izibungu ezincane.
Isikhathi sokuthomba siqala ukufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nanye. Inzalo engcono kakhulu ikhiqizwa ineminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ubudala. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu bazala kakhulu kakhulu. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwabantu ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-13-14. Ngokunakekelwa kahle ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila sicishe saphindwa kabili.
Izitha zemvelo zama-axolotls
Isithombe: Amphibian axolotl
Izizathu eziningi zibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwezinombolo ze-axolotl. Enye yazo ukubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo, ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi. Ukushintsha kwezimo zezulu, ukufudumala nokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi kubangela ukufa kanye nezifo eziningi zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini.
Isizathu sesibili esibalulekile sokwehla kwamanani yizifo, lapho ama-salamanders atholakala kalula khona. Bavame ukuhlushwa yizifo ezimbi kakhulu ezibangela ukufa: i-ascites, i-anorexia, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, i-hypovitaminosis, ukuvimbeleka kwamathumbu, ukugaya ukudla, njll.
Umuntu ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ezingeni labantu. Inani elikhulu lama-amphibians labanjwa ukuze lenze izivivinyo kanye nocwaningo ngokuvuselelwa kwezitho nezitho zomzimba ezilahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yabantu inegalelo ekungcolisweni kwemizimba yamanzi yemvelo. Amanzi echibi le-crystal clear ayangcola. Lokhu kuholela ekuguleni nasekufeni kwamadragoni wamanzi, ngoba asabela kakhulu ekhwalithi yamanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi ezinkulu neziningi ezizingelayo zazingela ama-axolotls: telapia, carp. Abadli ngobuningi babo hhayi kuphela izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini uqobo, kodwa namaqanda abo, ngaleyo ndlela awanaso isikhathi sokuphenduka gazinga.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Axolotl
Namuhla, emvelweni, endaweni yayo yemvelo, i-axolotl cishe ayenzeki. Ensimini yeRussian Federation, itholakala kuphela ezimweni ze-aquarium. Ngaphambilini, indawo yokuhlala izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini yayibanzi impela. Kwathi-ke, njengoba inani lama-axolotls lehla, insimu yendawo yabo yemvelo nayo yehla. Kuze kube manje, azitholakali ndawo, ngaphandle kwamachibi amabili aseMexico.
Abaphenyi baseMexico Autonomous University benza izibalo bathola ukuthi akukho ngaphezu kuka-800 - 1300 osele emvelweni. Isibalo esiqondile asaziwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kungenziwa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokonga nokugcina izinhlobo, zinganyamalala ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bathi izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa ziphila ngempumelelo futhi zizalane ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, inani lamadragoni amanzi endaweni yawo yemvelo lehle kakhulu. Abaphenyi bathi ngo-1998, kwakukhona abantu abangaphezudlwana nje kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuwo wonke amakhilomitha-skwele amachibi aseMexico. Ngo-2003, babengekho ngaphezu kwenkulungwane abantu endaweni efanayo. Ngo-2008, kwakungekho abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu endaweni efanayo. Ngakho-ke, inani labantu lehle izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 eminyakeni eyishumi nje kuphela.
Ukuvikelwa kwama-axolotls
Isithombe: I-Axolotl Red Book
Ngezinhloso zokuvikela, kubhalwe ku-Red Book nakwamanye ama-CITIES. Ama-Amphibians anikezwe isikhundla sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ukuze kulondolozwe inani lezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, kubalulekile ukudala izindawo zokukhulisa nokuzalanisa lezi zilwane. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho kuzokwazi ukulondolozwa kohlobo futhi kwandiswe izinombolo zalo. Isikhungo Sokucwaninga SaseMexico sizama ukwakha ipaki likazwelonke elinjalo.Ukudoba kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni endaweni engokwemvelo.
Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi inani elikhulu lama-amphibians lihlala ekuthunjweni. Uma ubakhela izimo ezifanele, ezisondelene kakhulu nemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka, bazizwa bekhululekile futhi bekhiqiza kabusha. Ukuze kwandiswe isibalo samadragoni amanzi, abasebenzi be-Mexican Research Institute bazalanisa ngempumelelo ezimweni ze-aquarium futhi babadedela emachibini. Enye indlela yokuvikelwa nokuvikelwa kwemininingwane yabamele umndeni wakwa-Ambistomidae ukwehliswa okuphezulu komthelela womuntu endaweni yabo yemvelo. Ukuphela kokungcola kwamachibi emvelo, ngokusho kososayensi, kushiya ithuba lokwanda kancane kancane kwenani lezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, ukwehla kwezifo nokufa.
I-Axolotl ungummeleli omangalisayo wezimila nezilwane, okusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kunokufana kwangaphandle nama-dinosaurs okuqedwe eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule. Le khwalithi, kanye nobuhlakani, ubuhlakani nobuqili, kunomthelela ekwandeni okwandayo kokuqukethwe kwe-aquarium yamadragoni wamanzi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/14/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 14.08.2019 ngo-11: 43
