Izinhlanzi zeCatfish (Anarhichas lupus), ehlala ikakhulukazi emanzini abandayo, ayihehi kangako ngokubukeka. Kunzima ukuhlangana naye (noma ngenkathi efudumele engaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-100-150, akahambi). Kepha umhlangano nezinhlobo ezinjalo ungakhunjulwa isikhathi eside (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezici zangaphandle zenhlanzi).
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeCatfish
ICatfish (ehunyushelwe olimini lwesiLatin - Anarhichadidae) ingeyomndeni ohlawuliswe imisebe. Abamele bokuqala balesi sigaba bangabesikhathi seSilurian. Ukutholwa okudala kunakho konke kwalesi sigaba sezinhlanzi cishe sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-420. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe enezikali ze-ganoid zazivame kakhulu. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 edlule, bathathelwa indawo ngamathambo (lapho izinhlanzi eziningi zesikhathi sethu zingezabo - cishe ama-95%).
Ividiyo: ICatfish
Isici esihlukile sabantu abakhishwe ngemisebe ubukhona bomgogodla. Isikhumba singaba nqunu noma simbozwe (ngezikali noma ngamapuleti amathambo). Isakhiwo somzimba sijwayelekile impela. Phakathi nokuthuthuka okwenzekayo, abamele abasebenza ngemisebe ye-ray bahlukaniswe baba ngamakilasi amaningi kakhulu. Manje bahlala kuwo wonke amanzi eplanethi (kokubili olwandle nolwandle). I-Catfish ifakiwe ekilasini le-scorpion-like (iqembu linezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili kuphela).
Izici ezibalulekile zaleli qembu yilezi:
- indawo yokuhlala - amanzi angajulile / olwandle (abameleli bamanzi ahlanzekile abangama-60 kuphela);
- ukudla - ikakhulukazi ukumuncwa kwama-crustaceans (ukondla izinhlanzi ezincane akuvamile);
- izici zangaphandle ezihlukile - amaphiko ayindilinga (i-caudal ne-pectoral), amakhanda ama-spiny;
- ububanzi besayizi - kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-150 cm.
I-suborder ye-scorpion-like, lapho i-catfish ingeyayo, ibizwa nge-eelpout (igama lomhlaba jikelele yiZoarcoidei). Bonke abamele bayo bahlukaniswa ngomzimba onjenge-ribbon, amaphiko amade nobukhona besiphetho sendunu. I-Catfish ivame ukubizwa nge- "Sea Wolf" noma "Sea Dog". Lokhu kungenxa yombala wesici nomhlathi, okuzoxoxwa ngawo ngezansi.
Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- ezejwayelekile (ezimthende). Isici esihlukile ukuba khona kwama-canines we-tubercular nosayizi omncane kancane;
- ibala. Abamele leli qembu bangosayizi ophakathi kwe-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemigqa. Ukucaca kwabo kulele emazinyweni athuthukile;
- okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wezinhlanzi ezinjalo ucishe ufane, umnyama. Banamazinyo we-tubercular angakhuli kahle;
- empumalanga ekude. Isici esihlukile yinani elikhulile lama-vertebrae namazinyo aqinile;
- ama-carbohydrate. Zihlukile kwabanye abamele ngomzimba ovulekile nenani elikhulu lemisebe emaphikweni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ICatfish ivame ukuba seqenjini elehlukile lokuphila kwasolwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokubonakala kwazo okungafani nezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeCatfish emanzini
Akunakushiwo ukuthi i-catfish iziphatha ngendlela ekhethekile noma yizona ezizingela kakhulu. Isici sabo esiyinhloko, esishaqisayo futhi esimangazayo, ukubukeka kwabo. Imvelo inikeze lezi zinhlanzi umbala ongajwayelekile nomhlathi ongajwayelekile.
Izici eziyinhloko zomzimba we-catfish zifaka:
- umzimba: Umzimba we-catfish uvulekile futhi ucindezelwe kamuva. Kunwetshiwe ekhanda. Umzimba unyathela ngasemsileni. Isisu siyagwedla. I-fin iqala cishe ngokushesha kusuka ekhanda. Iphakeme impela futhi ifinyelela cishe ekugcineni kwe-caudal. Yonke imiphetho iyindilinga;
- Umbala: Umbala wezinhlanzi ojwayelekile uphuzi futhi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingezwa ngemivimbo eguqukayo (kufika kwizicucu eziyi-15), iphendukela ngokushelela ekugcineni. Imivimbo enjalo yakhiwa kusuka kumaphoyinti amancane amnyama kakhulu;
- umhlathi: Ngamazinyo ahlukanisa lezi zinhlanzi. Imilomo yalaba bantu ihlome ngamazinyo aqinile futhi aqinile. Engxenyeni engaphambili yomhlathi kunezinhlamvu ezibukhali ezinosayizi omangalisayo - izingxenye ezisabekayo zomhlathi. Zisikhumbuza ngandlela thile amazinyo enja. Ngemuva kwazo kunamazinyo achotshozwayo ayindilinga, angethusi kangako. Yilezi zinto zomhlathi ezaba yisizathu saleli gama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimpondo ezinkulu ze-catfish azenzelwe ukuzingela izinhlanzi. Inhloso yabo enkulu ukwenza lula ukuhluthula izimbaza ematsheni. Amazinyo ayashintsha njalo ngenkathi. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwabo, i-catfish iyalamba noma idle izinto ezincane zokudla (ngaphandle kwamagobolondo), ezingagwinywa ziphelele.
Ubukhulu be-catfish buxhomeke kubudala bayo nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Ubude obujwayelekile bezinhlanzi busuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-70. Kodwa-ke, ogwini lwaseCanada, kwakukhona nabamele isigaba se-wolf 1.5 metres ubude. Lezi zakhamuzi zasolwandle zazinesisindo esingaba ngu-14 kg. Isisindo sezinhlanzi ezindala singafinyelela amanani amakhulu (kufika kuma-30 kg). Kepha ngobukhulu obunjalo, i-catfish ayivamile ukubhukuda ngasogwini. Isikhathi sokuphila se-catfish cishe siyiminyaka engama-20.
Ihlala kuphi i-catfish?
Isithombe: Catfish eRussia
Izinhlanzi ezinamazinyo zikhetha ukuhlala emanzini apholile futhi aphansi. Zitholakala ikakhulukazi emanzini asolwandle. Atholakala emhlabeni wonke. Njengomthetho, i-catfish ikhetha "ukuhlala ngaphandle" ezansi kwezilwandle / izilwandle.
Isibalo esiphezulu sabamele lesi sigaba sitholakale ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- ULwandle lwaseNyakatho;
- INhlonhlo YaseKola (ingxenye esenyakatho yamanzi ayo);
- Amatheku aseKola naseMotovskaya;
- ISpitsbergen (ohlangothini olusentshonalanga nolwandle lwayo);
- INyakatho Melika (amanzi amaningi ase-Atlantic);
- Iziqhingi zaseFaroe;
- Isiqhingi iBhere;
- I-White ne-Barents Sea (izindawo zabo ezinokujula okukhulu kakhulu).
I-Catfish ikhethwa yi-sandbank yezwekazi. Bacasha ku-algae, lapho kwanele khona ukuthi bazifihle ngokwabo (ngenxa yombala wabo). Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi kunzima kakhulu ukuzithola ogwini lolwandle. Ukujula okuncane kwendawo abahlala kuyo kungamamitha ayi-150-200. Ebusika, abamele impisi bakhetha ukuphumula ekujuleni okungafika ku-1 km. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbala womuntu ngamunye nawo uyashintsha - uyakhanya.
Indawo yokuhlala nayo incike ohlotsheni oluthile lwezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-eel catfish ingatholakala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika (ngaphakathi kogu lwePacific). Futhi iMpumalanga Ekude - eNorton Bay noma ePribylova Island.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona i-catfish. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani i-catfish?
Isithombe: i-saltwater fish catfish
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi eziyimpisi kuhluke kakhulu (okungenzeka kungenxa yobuningi bempilo yasolwandle).
I-zabutki yabamele abalandelayo bezilwane zasemanzini iyadliwa:
- iminenke (ama-molluscs angaphansi kwe-oda lama-gastropods, ahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinosawoti);
- ama-lobster nama-crustaceans amancane (ama-crayfish, izinkalankala, izimfanzi nabanye abamele izakhamuzi ze-arthropod zosuku lolwandle);
- ama-molluscs (izilwane eziyinhloko zomgogodla ezinokuqhekeka komoya, ezingenaso isigaba se-vertebral);
- ama-urchins (izakhamuzi zasolwandle eziyindilinga ezingaphansi kwesigaba sama-echinoderms);
- izinkanyezi (abamele izilwane zasolwandle ezingokwesigaba sama-echinoderms ezingenamgogodla);
- i-jellyfish (ama-coelenterate izilwane zasolwandle ahlala kuphela emanzini anosawoti);
- inhlanzi (ikakhulukazi gazinga ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle).
Ngemuva "kwesidlo sasemini" se-catfish, izintaba eziphelele zamagobolondo kanye namagobolondo aqediwe zihlala eduze kwamatshe. Ngokuvamile, yibo lapho indawo yokuhlala yabamele impisi inqunywa ngqo kule ndawo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akunandaba ukuthi ukunamathela kwamagobolondo / amagobolondo kunamandla kangakanani kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngeke kumelane ne-catfish. Ngenxa yamazinyo anamandla amakhulu, izinhlanzi zivula ukudla okungahle kwenzeke ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zikugaye kube uthuli.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zithinta kakhulu ukuthanda okuthandwa ukunambitheka. Ngakho-ke, i-catfish enemigqa idla kakhulu ngezinhlanzi. Akuvamile ukuthi baphendukele ekugayeni ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans. Izinhlanzi ezinamabala zithanda ama-echinoderms ngesidlo sasemini. Abamele abaseMpumalanga Ekude nabo bakhetha "isidlo" esinjalo. Ziphinde zondle ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs. Futhi i-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka "ukunambitha" yi-jellyfish nenhlanzi (yingakho amazinyo abo ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo).
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Uma uzizwa ufuna ukubamba i-catfish ngomugqa, sebenzisa i-shellfish njengodobo. Ngosizo lwayo, kungenzeka ukubamba owakhileyo onemigqa olwandle. Ukuze wandise amathuba okudoba okuphumelelayo, kuzofanele ukhiphe izinhlanzi esimweni sazo esijwayelekile. Esikhathini esiningi, ukuthepha amatshe asogwini kusetshenziselwa ukwenza lo msebenzi. Amagagasi omsindo avusa i-catfish. Ukubamba ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kunzima kakhulu (ngenxa yokuthanda kwabo).
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeCatfish
I-Catfish iningi lihlala phansi. Njengoba zihlala ezindaweni ezijule kakhulu, kuyaqabukela zikhuphukele ebusweni bamanzi. Abakudingi lokhu nhlobo: ezansi kunenani elikhulu lezakhamizi ezidingekayo ekudleni okuvamile kwe-catfish. Emini, i-catfish, njengomthetho, "hlala ngaphandle" ezindaweni zokukhosela. Endimeni yezindlu kukhona imigede, lapho amahlathi algal kulula kakhulu ukucasha kwezinhlanzi.
Impilo esebenzayo ye-catfish iqala kusihlwa. Ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, izinhlanzi ezilambile ziyahamba zizingele. Ebusuku, zigcwalisa ngokuphelele amasheya futhi, lapho sezigcwele, ziphinde ziye endaweni yokukhosela. Ukujula kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kuya ngohlobo lwezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuzingela kwe-catfish okubonakalayo ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamachibi ehlobo. Futhi abamele i-catfish abajwayelekile batholakala cishe njalo emihosheni noma ekuqongeleleni okukhulu kwe-algae. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lolo hlobo, yonke i-catfish iya ekujuleni okukhulu ebusika. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izinga lokushisa ngezansi lizinzile kakhulu futhi likhululeke kakhudlwana empilweni yasolwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinga lokwanda komzimba we-catfish ngqo lincike ekujuleni kwendawo ehlala kuyo. Lapho inhlanzi iphakama, ikhula ngokushesha.
Kubantu, abahlali bezinhlanzi zasolwandle abalona usongo oluthile. Into esemqoka ukungazithinti ... I-Catfish ayikho phakathi kwezilwane ezisebenzayo. Kwakungeke kuze kufike kubo ukuthi bahlasele umuntu odlula ngendlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezikhathi zasemini, zivame ukucasha ezindaweni ezicashile. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi zisengamluma umuntu ophazamise ukuthula kwabo. Ama-Anglers akwazi ukukhipha omele impisi axwayise ngengozi engaba khona emihlathini yawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo abahlangabezana ngokungalindelekile nale nhlanzi bukhoma bangazonda kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka nakancane ukufaka i-catfish kubamele abathandekayo basolwandle. Ikhanda labo lishwabene, likhumbuza isilonda esidala, esingapholi. Usayizi omkhulu nombala omnyama kukhuthaza ukwesaba futhi kukwenze ukhumbule ngokushesha wonke amafilimu wesabekayo owabukile. Imizwa ehlukile idalwa ngamazinyo, angakwazi ukugaya amagobolondo ama-mollusk ngemizuzwana ...
Isikhathi esiphilwa yilezi zinhlanzi side kakhulu. Uma i-catfish ingabanjwa enetheni, izokwazi ukuphila ngokukhululeka kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20-25. Azihlangene njengemihlambi. Ezimweni zemvelo, i-catfish ihlala yodwa. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka olwandle ngaphandle kokucabanga ngamanye amalungu eqembu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Northern fish catfish
Ngocansi, i-catfish ihlukaniswe ngamadoda nabesifazane. Esokuqala sibonakala ngobukhulu obukhuphukile. Umbala wesilisa umnyama kakhulu. I-catfish yesifazane yinhle kakhulu. Abanakho ukukhukhumeza okuzungeze amehlo, nezindebe azinkulu kangako. Isilevu sabesifazane asibonakalisi kangako. Umbala wabo ulula.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-catfish yamadoda yindoda eyodwa. Ukulwa kwabesifazane kwenziwa kanye kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, igama elithi "ukulwa" lisetshenziswa ngomqondo ongokoqobo: izinhlanzi zenza izimpi ezigcwele, zilwa zodwa ngamakhanda namazinyo (izibazi ezivela ezimpini ezinjalo zihlala unomphela emzimbeni wezakhamizi zasolwandle). Ngemuva kokufunda kahle i-catfish, owesilisa uhlala ethembekile kuye kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ukuzala kwezimpisi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Futhi ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukuzala kungenzeka ebusika. Owesifazane oyedwa angakhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela kwizinkulungwane ezingama-40 ngobubanzi obungu-5 mm. Inamathele ebholeni, imibungu inamathela ngaphezulu (imvamisa amatshe). Intuthuko ithatha isikhathi esibalulekile. Emizimbeni yamanzi abandayo, gazinga lingazalwa kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Ekuqaleni kwempilo yabo, izinhlanzi ezichanyuselwe zihlala ezindaweni eziphezulu. Ziya koyedwa kuphela lapho zifinyelela kubude obungu-5-8 cm.Nobukhulu obunjalo, zingafihla futhi ziqale ukuzingela. Ukudla kwamafry ku-zooplankton.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abesilisa beCatfish abagcini ngokuba bodwa, kodwa futhi nobaba abayizibonelo. Yibo abasala nenzalo yabo ngemuva kokuthi ibhola linamathele ngaphezulu. Izinhlanzi zivikela izingane zazo isikhathi esithile, ngemuva kwalokho zithathe olunye uhambo. Izinsikazi ngokushesha ziyabhukuda zisuke emaqandeni ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwawo.
Izitha zemvelo zenhlanzi yezinhlanzi
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeCatfish
Lapho isencane, i-catfish "iyisibiliboco" esiyintandokazi ezinhlanzini eziningi ezinkulu (kubandakanya nezidlayo). Abantu abadala abathinteki ekuhlaselweni okuvela kwezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu nokuthanda kwabo ukucasha emihosheni.
Izitha eziyinhloko ze-catfish yilezi:
- oshaka. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zikashaka ezizingela abamele impisi. Kubangelwa yile ndawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi. Zondla kuphela kulezo zilwane ezitholakala eduze kwaphansi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: ushaka wegoblin, ushaka othosiwe, i-etmopterus nezinye izinhlobo. Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo zabantu abadla ubuntwana, usongo lwempisi luphansi. Izinhlanzi ziye zajwayela izimo ezinzima zasemanzini futhi zicasha koshaka ezindaweni ezicashile.
- izimpawu. Izitha ezinjalo ziyingozi kuphela kulezo zinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini abandayo (i-Arctic Ocean, i-White ne-Barents Sea, njll.). Izimpawu ziyakwazi ukudilika ngejubane elikhulu ziye ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-500. Ngasikhathi sinye, bayakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle komoya cishe imizuzu eyi-15. Lokhu kwanele ukuhambisana ne-catfish bese uyishaya.
Kodwa isitha esiyinhloko se-catfish kusengumuntu obamba izinhlanzi futhi azithengise ngokungenaluzwela ukuze zicutshungulwe. Ukube bekungekhona okwabantu, abamele i-catfish abahlala emanzini abandayo, bebezophila ngokuthula kuze kube sebekhulile futhi bafe ngenxa yobudala bemvelo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Catfish olwandle
Inani labantu bazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi lincipha minyaka yonke. I-Catfish ayihlukile. Inani labo emanzini olwandle lehla kakhulu.
Kubangelwe yilokhu:
- ukudoba. Inyama yeCatfish imnandi impela futhi ibhekwa njengesibiliboco emazweni amaningi. Futhi i-caviar yalaba bameleli ifana ne-chum caviar maqondana nokunambitheka. Ngakho-ke, abadobi ngenkuthalo babamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu bazithengise ngentengo ephezulu. Ukubamba kwenziwa kokubili ngenduku yokudoba nangamanetha. Ukubanjwa okukhulu kakhulu kwabantu balesi sigaba kwenziwa i-Iceland neRussia;
- ukungcoliswa kwezilwandle. Yize kunemizamo eminingi yezizwe yokwenza isimo semvelo sijwayelekile, izinga lamanzi lehla minyaka yonke. Lokhu kudalwa yimfucuza enkulu ekhishelwa olwandle lomhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhodlela, izikhwama, udoti awonakalisi nje kuphela ukubonakala kwamachibi, kodwa futhi kuqeda nempilo eminingi yasolwandle. Izinhlanzi zimunca izinto ezinjalo, zizifakele ubuthi noma zife ngenxa yokuhamba kwazo okungalungile bese ziyafa.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Inhlanzi ebanjiwe akuyona nje isidlo esimnandi kuphela. Izikhwama nezinsiza zazo, izicathulo ezikhanyayo nokuningi kwenziwa ngesikhumba se-catfish. Izilwane ezinjalo ezingenayo imfucuza zifunwa kakhulu.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi inani le-catfish lincipha kancane kancane, kungekudala lizofinyelela uphawu olukhombisa isidingo sokungena kohlobo lweRed Book. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubala inani eliqondile lalezi zidalwa ngenxa yendawo ezihlala kuyo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ithonya lomuntu kwisibalo sabo liyancipha. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhulumeni wamazwe athile usevele usemisile ukuvinjelwa kokubanjiswa kwezinhlanzi ngalezi zinhlanzi. Lokhu kuphakamisa ikusasa eliqhakazile labamele izimpisi zezilwane zasolwandle.
Izinhlanzi zeCatfish - umhlali oyingqayizivele ngempela wezilwandle (futhi ngasikhathi sinye akakhangi). Akabukeki njengabafowabo hhayi ngokubukeka, hhayi ngendlela yokuphila, hhayi ngesibalo. Naphezu kwezimpawu zayo ezimbi zangaphandle, inhlanzi ayisiyongo kubantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.07.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-20: 40
