Inja ingeyomndeni wakwaCanidae, kanye nezilwane ezinjengempungushe, impungushe, impisi necoyote, okuthinta izici zokuziphatha zalesi silwane. Umlingiswa wanoma iyiphi inja uncike ngqo kuzici zohlobo nokuzalwa, kepha imfundo efanelekile nokuqeqeshwa nakho akubalulekile kangako.
Izakhi zofuzo noma ukuba ngumzali
Zonke izinja zihluke kakhulu ngesimilo.... Futhi ubuntu noma izici zesifo sokuziphatha zinqunywa yizinto ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- izici zofuzo;
- izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye;
- ubunzima bezimpawu zokuthayipha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inhlanganisela yezimpawu zokuthayipha inja incike kakhulu kuzici zesu lokukhetha isilwane elamukelwe ohlotsheni ngalunye, kepha ezimweni eziningi zonke izinja zinobungane futhi zithambekele ngokuphelele kubantu.
Izinto ezifakwe kuhlu azincikile ngqo komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke izinja ezinamahloni akuzona kangako ukuthi zizenyeza futhi zizwela ebuhlungwini, futhi izilwane ezifuywayo ezinesibindi nezizimele azihlali zibusa futhi zingazweli ebuhlungwini. Kunenombolo enkulu yenhlanganisela yalezi zingxenye kanye nobukhulu bazo, ngakho-ke unganquma ngokukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwenja.
Ukukhethwa kohlobo ngenhloso
Lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwezinja, kungakuhle ukuthi ugxile ekusebenzeni kwalesi silwane emndenini:
- unogada nomvikeli;
- umlingani wokuhamba noma imisebenzi yezemidlalo;
- umngani nomsizi wabadobi / abazingeli;
- ukwesekwa kokuziphatha komnikazi noma isilwane nje.
Izinhlobo zezinja ezisetshenziswa njengokuzilibazisa zibhekwa ngokwehlukile. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zibamba iqhaza emibonisweni, ekuzaleni nasekuthuthukiseni izici zohlobo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma ukuqeqeshwa kalula kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhethe i-collie noma umalusi waseJalimane, futhi kuyalulekwa kwabaqalayo ukugwema ukuzuza izinja ezinomlingiswa oyindida onhlanhlathayo, kufaka phakathi iChow Chow noma iBernese Mountain Dog.
Izinhlobo zezinja ezizingelayo
Ohlwini lwerejista yamazwe omhlaba ye-FCI, izinhlobo zokuzingela zihlala emaqenjini ayisithupha kwayishumi atholakalayo, futhi inani lazo lonke lidlula amakhulu amane, okukhombisa ukuthandwa nokufunwa. Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukubamba ukugqekeza nezilwane zasendle, kanye nezinyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba umkhuba wokufuya izinja ukhombisa, ezinye izinhlobo zingahlangana ngokuphelele kuzo, yebo, hhayi zonke, kodwa ingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi esemqoka.
Inja yohlobo lokuzingela idinga ukuqeqeshwa okuyimpoqo nokuhamba okwanele. Njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezinjalo zihlangana kanzima kakhulu efulethini elincane, ngenxa yesidingo sokugcina umsebenzi womzimba. Amaqembu ahlanganisa izinhlobo zokuzingela amelwe yi:
- IGreyhounds, kufaka phakathi i-Afghan Hound, i-Azawakh, iGreyhound, iDeerhound, iGreyhound, i-Russian Hound, i-Whippet ne-Pharaoh's Hound;
- Ama-Hounds;
- Ukubuyisa;
- Ukuthandwa, kufaka phakathi i-Finnish Spitz, West Siberian, Russian-European, Karelian, Yakutsk ne-East Siberian Laika, kanye neNorway Elkhound noma i-Elk Dog neKarelian Bear Dog;
- Ukukhomba;
- AbaseSpani kubalwa iRussian Hunting Spaniel, i-English Cocker Spaniel, i-American Cocker Spaniel, i-Cavalier King uCharles Spaniel, i-Erect-eared Papillon, i-Hanging-eared Phalena, i-Tibetan Spaniel, i-Welsh Springer Spaniel, i-Epanyol Breton ne-Clare;
- Ama-Wolfhounds;
- Ama-Terriers;
- Itekisi.
Lapho ukhetha uhlobo lokuzingela, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zesimo senja, kanye nenjongo yaso. Ama-terriers nama-dachshunds yizinja eziphakathi nendawo ezikhulu ngokwanele ukuzingela izilwane ezigobayo. Izinja ezizingelayo, kanye ne-terriers enkulu, zisebenza ezilwaneni ezinkulu nezincane, ukushayela izilwane zazo kubazingeli noma ukubamba nokukubulala.
Izinhlobo ze-Hound zingaba yi-track ne-hound... Inketho yesibili ingeyesigaba sezinja zezibhamu, ezikwazi ukulandelela phansi nokuletha isilwane esibulewe. Ngokuya ngesitayela somsebenzi, izinja ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezivulekile noma ekukhuleni okuminyene, kanye nasemanzini. Kukhona izinhlobo zezinhloso zonke ezizingela emanzini nasemhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Bigleys, ama-Basset Hounds, ama-Bloodhounds, ama-Dalmatia, i-Rhodesian Ridgebacks, ama-English Foxhounds, ama-hounds ase-Finnish nawase-Australia kanye nama-Drevers athandwa kakhulu ngabazingeli.
Izinja zomndeni omkhulu
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, uhlobo olujwayelekile futhi ngokuphelele "lomndeni" wezinja alutholakali okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabafuyi abanolwazi kanye nochwepheshe, izinja zezinhlobo ezilandelayo zilungele umndeni omkhulu:
- ENewfoundlands - izinja ezinkulu futhi ezinamandla, ezilungele ukugcina umndeni onabantwana abancane. Izinzuzo zohlobo: imvelo enhle, ukuzinikela okungenamkhawulo nokubekezela. Ukukhubazeka kokuzala: ijazi elijiyile nosayizi omkhulu kakhulu;
- Amaphilisi - izinja zedolobha lomndeni osayizi abancane abazidingi izimo zokuphila futhi ezilungele izingane. Izinzuzo zohlobo: amandla nokuhlakanipha, kanye nesimo sokuthokoza. Ukukhubazeka kokuzala: umzimba obuthakathaka, othambekele ekutholeni ukulimala kanzima ngenkathi kudlalwa ngokunganaki nezingane;
- Ukubuyiselwa kwegolide Ingabe ngokufanele ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinja zomndeni, ezilungele izingane ezisencane nentsha. Izinzuzo zohlobo: uthando nokuzinikela okungakholeki, inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yobuhlakani nomsebenzi womzimba. Amaphutha okuzala: ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kwezimfanelo zokuqapha;
- Ama-Pugs - izinja ezinokwethenjelwa neziqotho. Umngane onjalo womndeni unesayizi encane, kanye nobuso obungavamile futhi obuhlekisayo. Izinzuzo zohlobo: ukukhononda nokuzola, kanye nomusa nomsebenzi owanele. Okuphambene nokuzala: ukuqina ekunakekelweni nasekukhetheni okufanele kokudla;
- Ukubuyisa kweLabrador Yizinja zomndeni ezithandwa kakhulu eMelika. Uhlobo luyezwana nezingane zayo yonke iminyaka, futhi njengamanje lungenye yezinja ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinzuzo zokuzala: ubungane nokwethembeka, umdlandla nokusebenza kahle, nokuzinikela okumangalisayo. Izinkinga zokuzala: cishe azikho ngokuphelele;
- Ama-Dachshunds - izinja ezidume ngokumangalisayo eYurophu, ezihlukaniswa yingqondo yazo ephapheme nokusebenzisa kahle izinto, kanye nokuziphatha okuvinjelwe endaweni engajwayelekile. Izinzuzo zohlobo: ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni nokukhangayo, isimo sokujabula nobungane kwabanye. Okuphambene nokuzala: isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokudla;
- Ama-Basset Hounds - "izinja zomndeni" ezinamandla futhi ezinomusa ngokumangalisayo, ezibonakala ngokuvivinya umzimba okuphansi, ubuhlakani obusheshayo nobuqotho obumangalisayo. Izinzuzo zohlobo: ubungane kwabanye, asikho isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngomsebenzi ophakeme futhi oqhubekayo womzimba. Ukungalungi Kwenzalo: Ayifanele imindeni enokukhetha indlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinja zomndeni njengeBorder Collie sezithandwa kakhulu emazweni amaningi. Kodwa-ke, iRough Collies ayiyifanele kahle imindeni enezingane ezincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke zivame ukuthengwa intsha.
Izinja zomngane
Imvamisa, izinja ezihambisana nazo zitholwa ngabantu asebekhulile nabanesizungu abadinga umngani ozinikele futhi onokwethenjelwa. Kulokhu, isilwane singumngane womphefumulo, kanye nesilaleli esiqaphelayo nesingafuni lutho, esinomthelela omuhle kakhulu kusizinda somzwelo somuntu. Lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwenja elingumngane wakho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke ubungako nokusebenza komzimba hhayi kuphela isilwane, kepha futhi nomnikazi ongaba khona, kanye nezinga labo lomzwelo:
- Ingulube - uhlobo oluphakathi nendawo, olulungele ifulethi elincane ledolobha. Izinja ezinjalo azidingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi zikhetha ngokudla. Ngenxa yemvelo yabo evulekile futhi evulekile kakhulu, ama-pugs akwazi ukuhlala kahle nabantu;
- I-English cocker spaniel - uhlobo oluzoba ukhetho olungcono kakhulu kubantu asebethathe umhlalaphansi noma kubantu abangashadile abalandela indlela yokuphila enempilo. Isilwane esinjalo ngenjabulo enkulu sihamba nomnikazi waso ohambweni lokuhamba izintaba namabhayisikili. AbaseSpain babonakala ngokuthokoza nangombono oqondile, futhi bayakwazi ukukhokhisa umnikazi wabo ngemizwa emihle ngokwedlulele, ngenxa yomoya ongaqondakali nokunaka;
- I-spitz yaseJalimane - uhlobo olunobungane nolunokuthula, oluzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinguquko emvelweni. U-Spitz ubonakala ngobuhlakani obusheshayo, ukunakekelwa okuhle nokuhlakanipha okuphezulu.
Abangane abafanelekayo bomnikazi wokuhlala othanda ukuhamba kancane kuzoba yiPekingese, Shih Tzu neLhasa Apso, eziphawuleka ngosayizi wazo omncane, ukuzimela nokungabonakali.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokusho kokubona kwabaphethe izinja abanolwazi, izinhlobo ezingathobekile futhi eziphakathi nendawo, kufaka phakathi i-lapdog yaseMalta, i-Pekingese, i-Boston Terrier ne-Scotch Terrier, nazo zingathathwa njengezinja ezifanelekayo.
Izinhlobo zezinja zokuqapha
Izici zenja yokubuka zinqunywa yizici ezimbili eziyinhloko: izici zokuzalela nohlelo lokuqeqesha. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-watchdog zifaka:
- ICaucasian Shepherd Dog;
- Inja Yabelusi BaseNingizimu Russia;
- Inja yase-asian emaphakathi;
- Umlindi WaseMoscow;
- UDogo Argentino;
- Umalusi waseJalimane;
- Rottweiler;
- Bullmastiff;
- UDoberman.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwewashi olunomlingiswa onolaka, ngakho-ke, ludinga ukuzibandakanya kwabantu kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ivelaphi imikhuba yezinja?
Uma umnikazi wenja "engachazi" isimilo esamukelekayo esilwaneni sakhe ngoqeqesho, inja izama ukufunda ngomhlaba osizungezile yodwa, ngokuzama nokwenza amaphutha. Iningi lezinkinga zokuziphatha ziyaphela njengoba isilwane sikhula futhi sisebenzisa imithetho noma izidingo ezahlukahlukene. Imikhuba emihle nemibi ixhomeke kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenja.
Imikhuba emihle
Izinja ze-Sanguine zinezinhlobo zokugcina ezikahle kakhulu okufanele zigcinwe. Izilwane ezinjalo ezifuywayo zinomoya wokuthula, zijwayela ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinguquko emvelweni, futhi zibonakala ngesimo esilinganayo kwezinye izilwane nezingane. Inja eyi-sanguine iyakwazi ukubhekana kahle nengcindezi futhi inesistimu yezinzwa enokulinganisela okukhulu.
Izinja ze-Choleric zinokukhathazeka okukhulu kwezinzwa kunezilwane ezifuywayo zohlobo lwe-sanguine. Izilwane ezinjalo zisebenza ngokweqile, zikwazi ukusabela masinyane kunoma yisiphi isikhuthazo sangaphandle. Njengomthetho, kunzima ukufundisa inja ye-choleric, ngenxa yamandla angenakulinganiswa kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuhlushwa. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izilwane ezinesimo se-choleric kubantu abakhuthele kakhulu.
Imikhuba emibi
Izinja ze-Phlegmatic zinokuthula nokuzola, ziyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ebonakalayo futhi ziphathe kahle izingane, kepha kunzima ukufunda futhi kaningi zinemikhuba engadingeki. Izimo ezingavamile zengqondo zifaka phakathi izinja ezincibilikayo, ezibonakala ngokuba namahloni nokuzinqumela, futhi azihambelani kahle nezinto zangaphandle.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusikwa kwezinja ezinemikhuba emibi, njengomthetho, kwakwenziwa ngochwepheshe, kufaka phakathi abalimi nabaqeqeshi, abakhipha abantu abangafanelekile kusenesikhathi sokuqala kwentuthuko, ebuntombini.
Ngabe udinga ukuqeqeshwa kwezinja?
Unganquma isidingo sokuqeqeshwa uma ugxila kuzinkomba ezilandelayo:
- isilwane sinokuziphatha okungajwayelekile phambi kwesihambi;
- inja "igangile" lapho idla, yenqaba ukudla okujwayelekile;
- isilwane sikhombisa ukungalaleli ngezikhathi ezithile;
- isilwane sizwakalisa ukungeneliseki ngokuziphatha komnikazi noma kwamalungu omndeni;
- inja inolaka olubhekiswe kumalungu omndeni amancane nasebekhulile noma ihlala ifuna ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Ngokwabaphathi bezinja abanolwazi, uhlamvu lwesilwane sasekhaya lwakhiwa kuphela ngeminyaka yobudala, ngakho-ke, kusukela ebuntwaneni, kubalulekile ukuqala ukukhulisa nokuqeqesha inja.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Amateur
Ukuqeqeshwa okungakahleleki noma kwe-amateur kubonakala ngokungabikho kwemithetho yokuhlola, ngakho-ke umnikazi ngamunye ufundisa ngokuzimela isilwane sakhe amakhono abona ukuthi adingeka. Leli qembu lingafaka nokuqeqeshwa kombukiso noma ikhono lenja ukuzibonakalisa eringini, ukulungiselela imincintiswano ye-agility, ukuvikelwa kwendlu nomnikazi.
Indlela yobungcweti
Zonke izifundo zokuqeqesha ezaziwa namuhla zingahlukaniswa zibe amafomu alandelayo:
- Ukuqeqeshwa okuguqukayo... Kubandakanya amakhono wokungahlaseli abantu ongabazi noma izilwane zabanye abantu ngaphandle kweqembu, ukungabikho kokwesaba ukuthuthwa kwedolobha. Ezweni lethu, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kuye kwasakazeka ikakhulukazi, kufaka phakathi inkambo yokulalela okujwayelekile noma i-COP;
- Ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile... Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zeminyango futhi ibandakanya amakhono okusesha izidakamizwa neziqhumane, imikhombandlela yabangaboni, yokuqapha neyonogada;
- Ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlolwa... Kuthulwe ngokudlulisa izivivinyo zezici ezidingekayo zesilwane, kufaka phakathi iSchH ne-IPO.
Kuyathakazelisa! Okuthandwa kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa kokuqhathanisa kusetshenziswa izakhi zazo zontathu izindlela, kufaka phakathi isenzo somshini, esibuhlungu noma esingebuhlungu, lapho isenzo osifunayo singatholakala enjeni.
Kusetshenziswa izindawo eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukuqeqeshwa ngemishini, ukuqeqeshwa okukhuthaza ukunambitheka ngokwendlela yeDurov... Futhi nendlela yokukhawulela ukuthi kungenzeka kube namaphutha nokuphindaphinda okukhethekile noma isikole samaphoyisa sokuqeqesha.
Uyiqonda kanjani inja yakho
Ukuze uqonde izifiso zenja yakho, udinga ukufunda ukubona izimpawu zomlomo ezinikezwe isilwane sakho:
- esimweni sokuzethemba nokukhululeka, inja imile ime, igudle umsila wayo kancane, umlomo uvaliwe noma uvuleke kancane, futhi amehlo anabafundi abancane;
- inja ethusayo noma ethusayo ime, igobeke kancane, ifihle umsila wayo ngaphansi kwesisu sayo, icindezele izindlebe zayo futhi ivule amehlo ayo kakhulu;
- esimweni esinolaka, inja inokuma okuqinile, iyaphakamisa noma ibuyisela emuva umsila oshubile kakhulu, futhi iphinde inyuse isikhuhla.
- esimweni esesabekayo, inja iyancipha, ifihle umsila wayo ngaphansi kwesisu futhi icindezele izindlebe zayo, ivule amehlo ayo kakhulu.
Izimpawu zomlomo zenja zifaka ukuhewula, ukubhonga, ukukhononda noma "ukububula", ukukhala nokukhonkotha, okungaba phezulu noma phansi.
Amathiphu wokukhetha inja
Ukunakwa kufanele kunikezwe kumingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzikhethela, emelwe yinkimbinkimbi yokunakekelwa kanye nokuqeqeshwa okulula, isimo sengqondo ngabantu asebekhulile kanye nezingane ezincane. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukubheka izinhlobo zenja:
- Ama-Mastiffs kanye neSt. Bernards, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu, imvamisa banezinkinga ngohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal;
- i-English Bulldog ibubula phezulu ngokwanele ebusuku, futhi ibuye ibe nesikhathi esinzima ukubekezelela noma yiziphi izinguquko zezulu, kufaka phakathi ukushisa;
- Ama-Dachshunds ebudaleni abonakala ngengozi eyengeziwe yokukhubazeka kwesitho sangasese sangemuva;
- ukutholakala kwamafolda esikhumba eShar Pei naseMastino-Neapolitano imvamisa kuyimbangela yokuthuthuka kobumpumputhe obuhlobene nobudala;
- Izinja Ezikhulile ZaseJalimane ezibonakala ngezinkinga zomchamo kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zomzimba okubangelwa umzimba.
Lapho ukhetha umdlwane, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho unezinyanga ezimbili ungacacisa isimo sesilwane esizayo, ngokulandela ukuphendula kwaso ezintweni ezingaphandle.
Ukuziphatha komnikazi namanye amalungu omndeni
Imvamisa, izenzo ezingafundile zomnikazi wenja namalungu omndeni zithinta kabi isimilo sesilwane futhi zivusa ukuvela kokuziphatha okungathandeki esilwaneni. Ukuhlukumeza, ukusetshenziswa kobuhlongandlebe noma amandla emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa noma ngenkathi kufundiswa kungakhubaza isimilo senja.
Ukushaya, kanye nokushaywa ngempama nokushaywa emakhaleni, kungaguqula isilwane esanele sibe yinja esabekayo futhi enonya, kube usongo lwangempela kuwo wonke umuntu oseduze. Hhayi nje isimo sengqondo esingalungile maqondana nenja esingonakalisa isimilo sesilwane esifuywayo, kepha futhi nothando olweqile, kanye nokuvumela kanye nokuzwana.
Okubalulekile! Isilwane esonakele siziphatha ngendlela engafanele, ngakho-ke akuvunyelwe nakancane ukuphatha isilwane etafuleni.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukuchazela izingane imithetho yokuziphatha nenja.... Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngisho nenja enhle kakhulu iyakwazi ukukhombisa ulaka futhi ilume. Kunzima kakhulu ukulawula inja ephakanyiswe ngokungafanele, futhi kwezinye izimo akunakwenzeka neze.
