I-Puffin (i-Parus montanus) noma i-tit enekhanda onsundu ingeka-oda le-Passeriformes. Le nyoni yathola igama layo lokwakheka kwebhola elinoboya, elibukeka njengezimpaphe eziphapha.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zempuphu
I-tit enekhanda onsundu incane kunondlunkulu u-11-12 cm futhi ihlukaniswa ngesigqoko esimnyama esiphikisayo esinombala onsundu nezihlathi ezinkulu ezimhlophe. Isisindo somzimba singama-10-12 amagremu. Iphiko lamaphiko lisuka ku-16.5 cm laya ku-22 cm.Amaphiko amafushane, 6.0 - 6.5 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha ayi-6.Ingalo ifushane, u-1 cm.
Owesifazane nowesilisa banombala ofanayo wezimpaphe. Ngemuva kunombala onsundu ngokumpunga, isisu sikhanya, sicishe sibe mhlophe nge-buffy tinge encane. Umsila namaphiko kumnyama kunomzimba ongaphezulu. Izintambo zangaphandle zezimpaphe zokundiza zizungezwe imiphetho emhlophe. Le migqa esephikweni eligoqiwe ibukeka njengomugqa omncane onqenqemeni olude. Iphethini elimnyama ekhanda liya ngokuya ngasemuva, ngakho-ke ikhanda libukeka likhulu ngokungalingani. Ngezansi kwekhanda kumhlophe, umbala okhanyayo ugcizelela kahle ikepisi elimnyama. Indawo enkulu emnyama enomngcele ofiphele eceleni konqenqema oluphansi ingaphansi komlomo. Uqhwaku lumnyama, lunemiphetho empunga yomlomo. Indawo emnyama enomngcele ongezansi opholile itholakala ngaphansi komlomo. I-iris yeso imnyama. Imilenze iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni ezincane zihlukaniswa ngombala ompunga wezinhlayiya, ikepisi limnyama - nsundu, ukuqhakaza kwe-ocher kuboniswa ezihlathini. Indawo engaphansi komlomo ilula, nsundu. Ngaphansi kumhlophe, kunama-buffy ezinhlangothini. I-ocher hue efanayo ikhona kwisethembiso. Uqhwaku lunsundu, uqhwaku olungaphezulu nolungaphansi olunemiphetho ephuzi.
I-puffer ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zokuhamba ngekhanda layo elikhulu nomsila omfushane, ikhava yezimpaphe ekhanda, engenakho ukukhanya. Izihlathi ezimhlophe ziyabonakala ngaphandle kwe-ocher tinge. Insimu emhlophe eqhathanisa emaphethelweni ezimpaphe zokundiza isiza ukuhlukanisa kalula impuphu ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni ezihlobene.
Ukusabalala kwempuphu
Impuphu isabalala esifundeni sePalaearctic isuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu, iRussia yaseYurophu iya eKamchatka naseSakhalin. Uhlala eRussia yaseYurophu. EYurophu, yakha izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweshumi. Ububanzi eYurophu bunqunyelwe ku-45 ° latitude latitude. Abantu be-powder e-Italy batholakala e-Alps ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka kumamitha ayinkulungwane ngaphezu kolwandle kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili.
Indawo yokuhlala
UPukhlyak uhlala emahlathini e-coniferous-deciduous and coniferous akha i-taiga. Kwenzeka emahlathini kaphayini, ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu, emahlathini axubekile, emahlathini kaphayini axutshwe nezihlahla ezindala ezinamakhasi, atholakala eduze nezimbotshana ze-sphagnum, emahlathini asezikhukhula. Idla emaphethelweni nasekujuleni kwehlathi. Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala ezindaweni ezibukeka njenge-anthropogenic, izidleke emigodini yama-birches amadala, etholakala ngokhuni olubolile. Njengengxenye yemihlambi yezinyoni eziyimizulane, ibona emapaki, ezingadini, ezihlelweni zasekhaya.
I-Pukhlyak iyinhlobo yokuhlala phansi, yenza ukufuduka okuncane ngemuva kokuzala. Izinyoni ezivela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zifuduka kaningi kunabantu baseningizimu. Inani elanele lokuphakelayo likuvumela ukuba usinde ebusika obunzima, ngokuhluleka kwembewu ye-coniferous, i-powder iya ezindaweni ezinenani elanele lokuphakelayo. Zifuduka njengemihlambi emincane; phakathi kwezinyoni, kwakhiwa ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwabantu bobudala obuhlukene, abesilisa nabesifazane.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwempuphu
Izimpushana zakha ngazimbili unomphela. Zondla endaweni engama-4.5 - 11 ayizinkulungwane m². Isikhathi sokuzalela sisukela ku-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi. Izinyoni ezimbalwa zigxoba noma zikhiphe umgodi ngeziqu ezibolile, iziqu ezibolile ezomile, kwesinye isikhathi zithola isidleke somgawuli esishiyiwe, izingwejeje. Isakhiwo sesidleke asikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ukwembela insikazi yempuphu kusetshenziswa izingcezu zamagxolo, utshani obomile, isikhunta sesitshalo, izimpaphe, izinwele, ama-cobwebs.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuphela uthuli lwokhuni olukhona esidlekeni, okulele kulo amaqanda. Ithileyi linobubanzi obungu-5 cm.Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda amhlophe ayi-5-10 anamagobolondo acwebezelayo ambozwe ngezinhlanga ezinombala onsundu noma obomvu.
Amaqanda amancane, angu-14-17 x 11-13 mm ngosayizi, anesisindo esingu-1.2 - 1.3 g. Insikazi ifukamela amasonto amabili, eyeduna imlethela ukudla ngalesi sikhathi. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, zombili izinyoni ezindala zondla amaphuphu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-18, inzalo iyashiya esidlekeni. Abazali bayaqhubeka nokondla amaphuphu ngezinye izinsuku eziyi-7-11, bese bezondla bodwa. Njengoba sezishiyile isidleke, amazinyane ahlangana ndawonye emhlambini omncane, bese endiza eya ezindaweni ezintsha futhi maphakathi nobusika ashintshele endleleni yokuhlala phansi.
Ukudla kwempuphu
Ukuzikhukhumeza kudla ama-invertebrate amancane. Badla izicabucabu, ama-molluscs amancane, izibungu, izibungu. Imbewu yephayini, i-spruce, i-juniper, i-alder, i-mountain ash, i-blueberry, i-birch iyaqoqwa. Ngentwasahlobo, amatshwele anekhanda onsundu adla impova, efihlekile kanye nompe.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, kwenziwa amasheya, imbewu ifakwa emifantwini yamagxolo, ngaphansi kwamatshe, lichen. Umuntu ngamunye uhlela amaqebelengwane akhe amancane futhi ahlole njalo, kwesinye isikhathi ukufihla kwezinye izindawo. Imbewu egciniwe idliwa yizinyoni ebusika lapho kunokushoda kokudla.
Isimo sokonga impuphu
Impuphu ivikelwe yi-Berne Convention (Isithasiselo II). Isivumelwano sichaza izindlela zokuvikela nokuvikela izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nendawo yazo yemvelo. Le nkinga ibalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezihlala endaweni yezifunda eziningana zaseYurophu. Endabeni yempuphu, izindlela zokuzivikela ziyasebenza ezindaweni zokuzalela nokufuduka kwezinyoni. I-chickpea enekhanda elinsundu, naphezu kwenani elikhulu nokwakheka kwama-subspecies, isongelwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zizwela ngokukhethekile ekufudumaleni kwembulunga yonke eYurophu, ubusika obumanzi obuncibilikisiwe buthinta ukwehla kwamanani ezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, ukusinda kwezinhlobo ezivamile kuba nzima ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chickpeas avame ukukhombisa isidleke sokudla - baphonsa amaqanda abo ezidlekeni zezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Lokhu kuziphatha kuyethusa futhi kukhombisa ukuthi loluhlobo lusengozini endaweni yalo.
