U-Gecko Ingabe isibankwa esincane esihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Unemilenze emangalisayo. Izidladla zesilwane zimbozwe izinwele eziningi, ngenxa yokuthi isibankwa singahamba ezindaweni eziqondile, ngokwesibonelo, ezindongeni, emafasiteleni nakwisilingi. Kunama-geckos amaningi. Zihlukile ngombala, usayizi nokwakheka komzimba.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Gecko
Ngokweqiniso, i-gecko akuyona inhlobo ehlukile, kodwa igama elijwayelekile lawo wonke amalungu omndeni we-gecko, noma, njengoba abizwa nangokuthi, ahamba ngezinyawo. Umndeni unemikhakha engama-57 nezinhlobo eziyi-1121. Okudume kakhulu kulokhu uhlobo lweGekko, noma i-True Gecko, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-50.
Ividiyo: Gecko
Igama livela olimini lwesiMalay, lapho lezi zibankwa zazibizwa khona ngokuthi "Gek-ko", ukukhala kwe-onomatopoeic kolunye lwezinhlobo. Ama-Geckos eza ngazo zonke izinhlobo, imibala, nosayizi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zalezi zibankwa, ezidume kakhulu yilezi:
- UToki gecko;
- isigcilikisha esifile
- kunamaqabunga;
- i-eublefar enamabala;
- i-comb-toed;
- uzwane oluncane;
- i-felzuma ebanzi;
- Madagascar;
- ukuncinza;
- asemaqeleni.
I-Geckos inemvelaphi yasendulo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngesakhiwo sayo se-anatomical. Ikakhulukazi okuyizidala ama-geckos, ama-geckos anamuhla angabhekwa njengasendulo kakhulu. Zibonakala ngamathambo weparietali angakhanjwanga kanye ne-antero-concave (procellular) vertebrae.
Futhi zinama-clavicles avulekile, ezinhlangothini zangaphakathi zazo kunezimbobo. Kwesinye isikhathi izazi ze-paleontologists zithola ama-geckos ezinsalela ezinkulungwane zeminyaka ubudala. Futhi, okhokho okusolwa ukuthi bangamadlozi nezinsumansumane zanamuhla onogwaja abatholakale enhlaka eSoutheast Asia. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, zineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-99 ubudala.
Isici esivamile sawo wonke ama-geckos yisakhiwo semilenze yawo. Izidladla zesirhubuluzi ziphela ngezinyawo ngezinzwane ezinhlanu ezilinganayo ezilinganayo. Ohlangothini olungaphakathi, anemiqansa emincane enezinwele ezinhle kakhulu noma ama-bristles, cishe ama-nanometer ayi-100 ububanzi, nama-apices angunxantathu.
Yizo ezivumela isilwane ukuthi sinamathele kunoma yikuphi, kufaka phakathi indawo ebushelelezi ngokuphelele ngenxa yamandla okusebenzisana kwamamolekyuli - amabutho e-van der Waals. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeka ngokushintsha i-engeli yezinwele ngazinye. Isigcilikisha sikwazi ukunamathela nokuphina umunwe ofanayo kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-15 ngomzuzwana.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ngenxa "yokunamathela okukhulu" kwezidladla, i-gecko enesisindo esingu-50 g kuphela ingabamba izinto ezifika ku-2 kg ngezidladla zayo, okungukuthi, zisinda izikhathi ezingama-40 kune-gecko uqobo. Ukuze babambe isigcilikisha, ososayensi bavamise ukusebenzisa isibhamu samanzi, njengoba lapho simanzi, isigcilikisha asikwazi ukunamathela phezulu bese sibaleka.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Lizard Gecko
Isici esivamile sawo wonke ama-geckos, ngaphezu kwezidladla zawo eziqinile, ukuthi zonke zinekhanda elikhulu elihlobene nomzimba, umzimba ngokwawo ubhebhelekile, kepha uminyene, izitho zifushane, umsila ubude nobukhulu obuphakathi. Ubungako besibankwa buyehluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile. Isibonelo, inhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke yeToki ikhula ize ifike kuma-36 cm ubude, kanti iVirginia encane kunazo zonke izinyawo ezinkulu ikhula ibe yisilinganiso esingu-16-18 mm. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esingu-120 milligrams kuphela.
Isikhumba sezilwane sigcwele izikali ezincane. Phakathi kwezikali ezincane, kukhona nezicucu ezinkulu, ezihlakazeke ngokuxaka emzimbeni. Umbala wezilwane ezihuquzelayo uncike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala. Phakathi kwama-geckos, kukhona bobabili abamele okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okugqamile, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okotshani, okubomvu, okusawolintshi, kanye nezinhlobo ezingabonakali ezicashile ezingaze zehlukaniswe ngemuva kwamatshe, amaqabunga noma isihlabathi, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane singanyakazi. Kukhona zombili izinhlobo ze-monochromatic kanye namabala, kanye nokushintsha kombala kuma-semitones kusuka engxenyeni ethile yomzimba wesilwane kuye kwenye. Ngezikhathi ezithile, onogwaja bangachitha futhi badle futhi badle izingcezwana eziwile zesikhumba esidala.
Njengezinye izibankwa eziningi, isigcilikisha sinemigqa ekhethekile emsileni waso esivumela ukuthi siphume ngokushesha uma isilwane sibanjwa ngumzingeli. Umsila ungawa wedwa uma ungathintwanga, kepha isilwane sike sabhekana nengcindezi enkulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsila omusha ukhula ngenxa yokuvuselelwa. Isici esingeziwe ukuthi umsila ubuye uqoqe izinqolobane zamafutha namanzi, okudla isilwane ngezikhathi zendlala.
AmaGeckos, ngaphandle kohlobo lwengwe, awakwazi ukucwayiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bahlanganise izinkophe. Kepha bangakwazi ukuhlanza amehlo abo ngolimi olude. Amehlo ezilwane akhuliswe kakhulu, ngaphandle afana nekati. Abafundi bayanwebeka ebumnyameni.
Uhlala kuphi umthwala?
Isithombe: Isilwane se-Gecko
Indawo lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo inkulu. AmaGeckos atholakala emhlabeni wonke, yize iningi lalezi zinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezindawo ezishisayo. AmaGeckos anamagazi abandayo, ngakho-ke izindawo zawo zokuhlala zinjalo lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingehli ngaphansi kuka- + 20 ° C. Indawo yokuhlala evamile kubo kubhekwa ukuthi isukela kuma-20 kuya +30 degrees, okungukuthi, ayi-thermophilic impela.
Ezinye izinhlobo zingahlala ebangeni lezintaba noma ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezihlabathini, kepha iningi lazo lithanda izigodi zemifula, amahlathi emvula futhi ziphila impilo ye-arboreal. Ezindaweni eziningi abahlala kuzo, o-geckos nabo bahlala emaphandleni nasemadolobheni amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi abantu ngokwabo bazihlalisa emakhaya abo ukuze balahle izinambuzane, kepha-ke inzalo yabo isakazeka yodwa. AmaGeckos abonile ukuthi ukukhanya kwamalambu kukhanga kakhulu ezinambuzaneni zasebusuku, futhi bakusebenzisela ukuzingela.
AmaGeckos asakazeke impela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eziqhingini zase-Indonesia, ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, esiqhingini saseMadagascar, e-Australia, nakuwo womabili amazwe aseMelika. Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasakazekela kwamanye amazwekazi sibonga abantu, isibonelo, isigcilikisha esingamamitha ayisithupha saseTurkey sasakazeka kulo lonke elaseCentral America ngemuva kokuba abanye abantu befike lapho nemithwalo yabo.
Ukuzisabalalisa kuzonke iziqhingi kwenziwa ukuthi amaqanda egecko amelana ngokwanele namanzi olwandle anosawoti, futhi ngengozi angawela ezindaweni ezizungezwe ngamanzi kanye nezingodo.
Yini edliwa yisigcilikisha?
Isithombe: I-Green Gecko
AmaGeckos yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke awadli ukudla kwezitshalo. Izinambuzane zakha isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zibankwa. AmaGeckos aminzile impela, ngakho-ke, lapho kunokwenzeka, azama ukudla ukudla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Amanqolobane abo amaningi ngokweqile afakwa emsileni, okuluhlobo lwesigcini. Ngezikhathi zendlala, o-geckos bathola amandla adingekayo ezinqolobaneni ezisemsileni. Njengoketshezi, ogebhezi baphuza amazolo ngokuzithandela. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azidli ngokudla, ngakho-ke ukudla kwazo kuhluke kakhulu.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwama-geckos yilokhu:
- ama-midges ahlukahlukene;
- izibungu;
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- ama-cicadas;
- amacimbi ezimvemvane;
- ama-arthropods amancane;
- amaphela.
Ngokuvamile, ama-geckos angadla amaxoxo, amagundane amancane, amaqanda ezinyoni (futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namachwane), kepha lokhu kuvame kuphela ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu. Abanye babo bangadla ngisho nofezela. Ukuzingela kuvame ukuqhubeka ngale ndlela elandelayo. Isigcilikisha sinyonyoba kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, noma silinda nje endaweni lapho isisulu sivele kaningi khona. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokulinda, uyayihlasela ngejubane lombani, ayibambe ngomlomo abulale ngokushaya ngamandla phansi noma etsheni eliseduze.
Izinhlobo ezithile ezihlala eNingizimu Melika ziye zajwayela ukuhlala ndawonye emihumeni enamalulwane. Isizathu ukuthi phansi komhume kuvela ukuthi kungokuxoshwa kwamalulwane, okuyindawo enhle yokuzalanisa amaphela. Yilawa maphela lapho izipikoko zizingela khona, cishe ngaphandle kokuzama. Izinhlobo ezincane zama-claw-paws azikwazi ukuzingela izinambuzane ezinkulu, ngakho-ke ziphoqeleka ukuthi zondle lezo ezibonakala kubantu kuphela ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-gecko enamabala
Ezimweni zemvelo, cishe wonke ama-geckos ahlala emakoloni amancane. Ngamunye uqukethe owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningana. Insimu yowesilisa ngamunye incane kakhulu, futhi kufanele ivikelwe njalo ekuhlaselweni ngamanye amadoda. Ukulwa kuvame ukwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho izibankwa zilwa zodwa kuze kube sekufeni noma ukulimala kanzima. Ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, le ndawo kufanele futhi ivikelwe kwezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa nasesicabucwini.
AmaGeckos ahlanzeke kakhulu. Baya ethoyilethi endaweni ehlukile, etholakala kude nendawo yokulala ubusika. Imvamisa ikoloni lonke liya endaweni efanayo.
Iningi lama-geckos kuhlwa noma kusebusuku, kanti emini lihlala ezindlini zokukhosela. Lokhu kufakazelwa ngamehlo amakhulu ezilwane ezinabafundi abame mpo. Okuhlukile kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa, njengeGreen Felsuma, egama layo lesibili yi-gecko yosuku lwaseMadagascar.
Indlela yokuphila yasebusuku yenziwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi ezindaweni zokuhlala zalezi zibankwa kuba sebusuku lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile liba ngokunethezeka, futhi emini kufanele ucashe emifantwini, emigodini, emigodini ngaphansi kwamatshe nakwezinye izindawo zokukhosela. AmaGeckos anamehlo abukhali kakhulu nokuzwa, ngakho-ke ngisho nasekukhanyeni okuphansi angabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi eziningi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi onogoloshe babona izinambuzane ezihambayo kuphela.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-chastepaws zichithwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Inqubo imi kanje. Okokuqala, isikhumba sesilwane siqala ukufiphala. Lapho lonke ikhanda lesirhubuluzi liba mhlophe kuye ekugcineni kwempumulo, khona-ke isibankwa ngokwaso siqala ukuklebhula isikhumba esidala kuso. Ngaphansi kwayo vele ngalesi sikhathi sekuvele kunesikhumba esisha esikhanyayo. Yonke inqubo ye-molting ithatha cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Isici esihlukanisayo samageckos amaningi ezihlahla ukuthi zehlela emhlabathini kuphela ukuze zondliwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho zigcinwe ekuthunjweni, zidinga izindawo ezikhethekile zokugcina ukudla kusezingeni eliphansi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukulala, i-gecko idinga ukuthola isikhala esincane, ngokwesibonelo, umsele, ukuze kungabi yisisu se-reptile kuphela, kepha futhi nomhlane waso useduze nobuso bodonga.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Gecko ngokwemvelo
Ama-Geckos akuzona izilwane zenhlalo ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ukunakekela inzalo akuyona into ejwayelekile kubo. Kepha izinhlobo eziningi azihlali zodwa, kodwa kumakholoni owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningana. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kancane. Iningi lezinhlobo ngesikhathi sokuzala aziboshelwe enkathini, okuwumphumela wezinkathi ezingakhanyi ezindaweni zazo. AmaGeckos ahlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo ekupheleni komshado ekupheleni kobusika.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlwathi, izinqezi zingabeka amaqanda athambile noma aqinile, kepha kunezinhlobo ze-ovoviviparous. Iningi lama-geckos liyi-oviparous. Abesifazane bababeka ezindaweni ezivikelekile, ngokwesibonelo, emigodini yezihlahla. Owesifazane unamathisela amaqanda kokungahambi kahle. Imizwa yomama ayaziwa ama-geckos abesifazane. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, usheshe akhohlwe ngenzalo yakhe. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalawo ma-geckos eziza ukufukamela i-clutch ukuze zifudumale.
Uma ubheka emgodini, ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-geckos, ungabona ukuthi lonke udonga lwangaphakathi lumbozwe amaqanda ngokoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zazo zizithola zisezigabeni ezehlukene zokufukamela, ngoba izinsikazi eziningana zingabeka amaqanda endaweni efanayo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, ingxenye yegobolondo leqanda ihlala inamathiselwe odongeni lomgodi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana okulandelayo kwama-geckos okulandelayo kugqinsiwe phezu kwalendala. Isikhathi sokufukamela ngokuvamile sithatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu.
Izitha zemvelo ze-geckos
Isithombe: Gecko
Njengoba ama-geckos mancane ngosayizi, anezitha zemvelo angaba ukudla kwazo. Phakathi kwazo kunezinye izibankwa, amagundane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo, izinyoni ezingandile kakhulu. Imvamisa, onogolantethe baba yizisulu zezinyoka - izinyoka, ama-boas nabanye abanye. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, onogwaja babulawa yizilwane ezidla ebusuku, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi babanjwe yizilwane zasemini kuleso sikhathi esifushane lapho isikhathi somsebenzi wabo sinqamula.
Ukuvikela ezitheni, kusetshenziswa umbala ovikelayo, kanye nokuma komzimba okuvumela ukuthi uzifihle noma uhlale ungabonakali. Izinhlobo ze-gecko enomsila weqabunga, engahlukaniseki nezitshalo ezizungezile, nezinhlobo eziningi ze-gecko ezinemibala yokufihla, ziye zaphumelela ikakhulukazi kulokhu. Njengesilinganiso esingeziwe, ikhono lokulahla umsila liyasetshenziswa, esikhundleni salokho kukhula okusha.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-geckos asebenzela ekuvikeleni ngokuhlanganyela. Kunezimo lapho inyoka ihlasela umuntu, namanye ama-geckos avela koloni olufanayo aqala ukuyihlasela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela asindise impilo yesihlobo. Kwezinye iziqhingi zasolwandle ezikude kanye nama-coral atolls, ama-geckos imvamisa ukuphela kwesilwane esihuquzelayo sasemhlabeni, futhi empeleni asinazitha zemvelo kulezi zindawo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Animal gecko
Iningi lezinhlobo ze-clawfoot zinezinga eliphansi lobungozi, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo ezisengozini nezisengozini phakathi kwazo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Naked Gecko yaseRussov, ebhalwe kuRed Book yaseDagestan ngesizathu sokuthi abantu bayo bancane kakhulu, iGrey Gecko, isibalo sayo sikhulu impela, futhi ezindaweni ezifanelekile inani laso lifinyelela kubantu abayishumi ngamamitha-skwele ayi-10, kepha endaweni yaseRussia abamele abakatholakali kusukela ngo-1935, igecko yaseYurophu enezinhlamvu, efakwe ohlwini kwi-International Red Book nakwabanye.
Abantu bezinhlobo eziningi bayathinteka ukwehla kwendawo abahlala kuyo, okuhambisana kakhulu nezinguquko endaweni nasezingeni eliphansi ngomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Imisebenzi yabantu inomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni kwendawo yemvelo yama-geckos, ethinta namandla abo okuzala nokusabalalisa. Ezinye zezinhlobo ze-arboreal zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu.
Kepha kunezinhlobo lapho okwenziwa khona imisebenzi yabantu, kunalokho, kwavela kwaba lusizo, futhi kwaba negalelo ekusakazekeni kwabo, kufaka phakathi nakwamanye amazwekazi. Isigcilikisha esifanayo saseToki, ekuqaleni esasihlala e-Asia, sesinabele e-United States naseziQhingini zaseHawaii.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Gecko
Isithombe: Incwadi Encane Ebomvu
Izinyathelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni izingcungcu ukuvikelwa kwendawo yazo yemvelo nezinyathelo zokugcina indawo yazo iqinile. Njengoba onogwaja bancane ngokwanele, abanayo intshisekelo yokuzingelwa kwabo. Kepha lezi zilwane zingahlupheka ngenxa yomthelela we-anthropogenic: ukungcoliswa okujwayelekile kwezindawo zazo zokuhlala, kanye nangenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu endaweni ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulima amasimu ngezinhloso zezolimo, njll.
Kwesinye isikhathi bafa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto ezidlulayo. Yingakho okusebenza kahle kakhulu kungukuvikelwa kwe-geckos ngokwehlukana, kepha ukuvikelwa okuphelele kwezimila nezilwane ezindaweni zokuhlala zezinhlobo ezisongelwayo zalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Amanye ama-geckos, afana noGunther's Day Gecko, akhuliswa ngokukhethekile, kuqala ekuthunjweni, bese ekhishwa emapaki kazwelonke naseziqiwini. Ngale ndlela isigcilikisha ingabuyisa inani labantu bayo futhi iqale ukuthuthuka ezilwaneni zasendle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-16: 29
