ULark - inyoni encane, ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kancane kunondlunkulu ojwayelekile, owaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Uhlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, unezwi elimangalisayo. Ngama-lark angabokuqala ukumemezela ukufika kwentwasahlobo ngokucula kwabo, futhi le misindo ayishiyi muntu engenandaba. Kepha ama-lark awathakazeli nje kuphela ingoma yawo emnandi. Udinga ukuyazi kangcono le nyoni, njengoba usuyifundile imikhuba yayo, umlingiswa wayo nendlela yayo yokuphila.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Lark
Kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongazazi izinyoni zama lark. Lezi zinyoni zisabalele kuyo yonke iplanethi, ziyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu wama-lark, iqembu labadlula ngendlela. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-lark zihlala e-Eurasia nase-Afrika. Bathanda isikhala, ngakho-ke bakhetha izindawo ezingenamuntu nezikhululekile zokuphila: izinkambu ezahlukahlukene, izintaba, ama-steppes, amadlelo. Futhi, lezi zilwane zithanda amanzi, umswakama ophakeme, ngakho-ke imihlambi yazo ingatholakala eduze kwamaxhaphozi, imifula, amadamu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaLark, njengezinye izinyoni eziningi, ayevame ukuba "ngamaqhawe" aphambili ezinganekwane, izinganekwane nezimpawu zabantu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinyoni zingancenga imvula ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside. Yingakho ama-larks abelokhu ehlonishwa njalo ngabantu.
Ukuqaphela i-lark phakathi kwezinye izinyoni ezihlukahlukene akulula. Abanakho ukubonakala okukhanyayo, okucacile. Lezi zilwane azigqamile, ngosayizi zikhudlwana kancane kunondlunkulu ojwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba we-lark, ngokwesilinganiso, ngamasentimitha ayishumi nane, futhi isisindo sawo singamagremu angamashumi amane nanhlanu. Isici sawo esihlukile ngamaphiko amakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-lark andiza ngobunyoninco futhi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ungayibona inyoni encane ngokucula kwayo okumnandi. Akekho umuntu ongahlula ama-larks kulokhu. Abesilisa balo mndeni banezingodo ezihlukile, amakhono abo "omculo" namakhono. Izinyoni zingacula ngokuqhubekayo cishe imizuzu eyishumi nambili, ngemuva kwalokho zithule isikhashana ukuvuselela amandla azo.
Ividiyo: Lark
Namuhla umndeni we-lark unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zikakhokho zihlala e-Afrika, e-Asia, eYurophu. Abamele izinhlobo eziyishumi nane kuphela ezilotshwe eRussia, izinhlobo ezimbili zihlala e-Australia, kanti esisodwa eMelika.
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zama-lark yilezi:
- inkambu;
- ihlathi;
- i-finch;
- ishiywe;
- ukucula;
- izimpondo;
- okuncane;
- IsiJavanese.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: lark bird
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-lark, kepha ukubukeka kwawo kaningi akufani kakhulu. Onke amalungu alo mndeni mancane noma aphakathi ngosayizi. Ubude babantu abadala buvame ukuba ngamasentimitha ayishumi nane, kepha emvelweni kukhona nezinhlobo ezinkulu - kusuka kumasentimitha angamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Isisindo somzimba naso asisikhulu: sisuka kumagremu ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obunesizotha, umzimba uqobo unamandla kakhulu, ushayeke phansi.
AmaLark anentamo emfushane kepha anekhanda elikhulu. Isimo somlomo sihlukile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Izimpiko ezinamaphiko zinde, zikhonjwe ekugcineni. Umsila unezimpaphe zomsila eziyishumi nambili. Izimpaphe zinemilenze eqinile kodwa emifushane enezinzwane eziphakathi nendawo. Le milenze iguqulelwe ngokuphelele ukunyakaza okusebenzayo emhlabathini nakwezinye izindawo eziyizicaba. AmaLark awavamile ukubonakala ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni. Lokhu kubangelwa izici zokwakheka. Lezi zinyoni zinezinzipho ezinde ezifana nezinzipho ezinzwaneni zabo. Yibo abangazivumeli izilwane ukuba zihlale isikhathi eside emagatsheni amancane, antekenteke.
Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: AmaLark awawona kuphela abaculi abakhulu, kepha futhi amaflaya amahle kakhulu. Le mpahla yanikezwa izinyoni zalo mndeni ngokwemvelo uqobo lwazo. Ngomzimba omncane, izilwane zinamaphiko amakhulu nomsila omfushane. Konke lokhu kusiza ama-lark ukuthi akwazi ukundiza ngokushesha futhi akwazi ukuhambisa.
Umbala wezimpaphe ku-lark unesizotha impela, awugqamile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona into embi, ngoba ngale ndlela izilwane azibonakali kangako ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Umbala wezinyoni uvame ukuphinda umbala wenhlabathi, endaweni abahlala kuyo. Akukho mehluko ngemibala yabesifazane nabesilisa. Izilwane ezincane kuphela ezingabonakala ngombala wezimpaphe zazo. Zimibalabala kakhulu. Umehluko wombala wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene awubalulekile, kepha usekhona.
Ihlala kuphi i-lark?
Isithombe: I-bird lark
AmaLark, njengezinye izinyoni eziningi, ayazikhetha izindawo ezihlala kuzo. Abamele lo mndeni bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho kunotshani obuningi nomswakama ophezulu. Bakhetha ama-steppes, ama-wastelands, ama-glades amahlathi, imiphetho yehlathi, izintaba, amasimu atholakala eduze komthombo wamanzi: umfula, idamu, ixhaphozi. Izinyoni ezincane zalolu hlobo ziphakathi kwezivamile. Zikhona cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica (ngenxa yokushoda kokudla lapho nesimo sezulu esifanele).
Amanani amakhulu kakhulu ama-lark ahlala e-Eurasia nase-Afrika. E-Afrika, izinyoni zihlala kakhulu enyakatho, lapho kunesimo sezulu esifanele khona. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezinkulu zama-lark zimelwe eYurophu nase-Asia. Izinhlobo eziyishumi nane kuphela ezihlala eRussia, kanti munye kuphela eMelika. Futhi, inani elincane lamalungu omndeni ahlala eNew Zealand, e-Australia.
AmaLark yizivakashi ezingandile emadolobheni amakhulu, emadolobheni amakhulu nasemaphandleni. Eduze kwabantu, lezi zinyoni zindiza kuphela ukufuna ukudla. Izinyoni zikhetha ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezindaweni ezivulekile. Bayazikhethela bona kanye nomhlambi wabo izindawo ezincane ezifudunyezwe kahle yimisebe yelanga. Izinyoni zicasha emoyeni nemvula emaphethelweni.
Udlani lark?
Isithombe: Inyoni yehlathi lark
AmaLarks anesifiso esihle ngokwemvelo. Ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke kucebe kakhulu ngokudla kwamaprotheni nezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo. Lezi zinyoni zidla cishe yonke into eziyithola phansi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-lark athanda ukudla kwamaprotheni. Ziphila ngokudla izibungu ezincane, izibungu, izimbungulu ezincane, amacimbi. Akuyona inkinga ukuthola ukudla okunjalo ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu. Izinyoni ziyikhipha kalula enhlabathini evulekile ngomlomo wazo obukhali.
Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwamaprotheni akwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, ama-lark adla imbewu yangonyaka odlule, etholakala emhlabeni wezolimo, emasimini. Futhi, ukudla kwalezi zilwane kubandakanya i-oats, ukolweni. Izinyoni ziyakuthanda okusanhlamvu futhi zingazidla ngobuningi bazo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: AmaLark yizinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Ukuze bathuthukise inqubo yabo yokugaya, bathola ngokukhethekile futhi bagwinye amatshe amancane. Lokhu kusiza izilwane ukuqeda isisindo ngemuva kokudla, kuthuthukisa uhlelo lwazo lokugaya ukudla lulonke.
Izinambuzane zingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwama-larks. Zidla izintuthwane, izinkumbi, amabhungane ahlukahlukene ezinambuzane, ama-leaf beetle. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukudla okunjalo futhi izinyoni kufanele zizingele. Kodwa-ke, ngokubhubhisa izinambuzane ezinjalo, ama-lark aletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu. Zinciphisa inani lezilokazane ezingadini, emasimini nasezivandeni zemifino.
Into enzima kakhulu ukuthola ukudla kwezinyoni ezinjalo yisikhathi sasebusika. Lezo zinhlobo ezingandizeli eningizimu ziphoqeleka ukuba zichithe isikhathi esiningi nsuku zonke zifuna okusanhlamvu, imbewu ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Lark
Indlela yokuphila kaLark incike ezinhlotsheni zabo. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala phansi, ezinye ziyimizulane. Labo abahlala phansi bahlala ezindlekweni emazweni lapho isimo sezulu sipholile ebusika nokudla kuhlale kukhona. Ukutholakala kokudla okunqumayo. Izinhlobo ezifudukayo zama-lark zihlala emazweni nasezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, bahlangana ngemihlambi emincane bese beshiya amakhaya abo, beqonde eningizimu.
Amalaki ayasebenza. Usuku lonke zifuna ukudla, noma zimatasa zakha isidleke, zincelisa izingane zazo. Izinyoni zichitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini. Lapho bafuna ukudla futhi baziphumulele nje. Lezi zinyoni azivamile ukuhlala emahlathini noma ezihlahleni, ngoba zinesakhiwo esikhethekile semilenze neminwe. Futhi, abantu abadala bachitha isikhathi esiningi emoyeni. Zindiza ngokushesha, zishesha futhi zishesha.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: AmaLark angabizwa njengenye yezinyoni ezesabeka kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, zingalawulwa! Ngomzamo, umuntu angaqinisekisa ukuthi inyoni uqobo lwayo izohlala esandleni sayo futhi idle okusanhlamvu kuyo.
ULarks uchitha isikhathi esiningi ecula nsuku zonke. Lezi zinyoni ziyathanda ukucula, zikwenza kaningi futhi isikhathi eside. Abesilisa abaculi phansi kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemoyeni. Amaculo abo amnandi endlebeni, emnandi. Ikakhulukazi, abesilisa bacula phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana nalapho insikazi ifukamela amaqanda. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ukucula kwabamele lo mndeni kungazwakala kuncane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi owesilisa nowesifazane babambe iqhaza ekunakekeleni inzalo yabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: lark bird
Ama-lark okuzala angavezwa ngezigaba:
- ukwakheka kwamabili. Ngemuva kobusika, izinyoni ezifudukayo zibuyela endaweni yazo futhi ziqale ukufuna umbhangqwana ofanele. Abesilisa babuya kuqala, bese kuba ngabesifazane. Abesilisa baheha abesifazane ngengoma yabo;
- ukwakhiwa kwesidleke. Ngemuva kokumiswa kwamabili, isikhathi sokwakha isidleke siqala. Imvamisa lesi sikhathi siwela maphakathi nentwasahlobo, lapho umgwaqo usuvele ugcwele uhlaza. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ufihle kahle izindlu zakho ngodlame lwemibala yasentwasahlobo;
- ukubonakala kwenzalo. Amaqanda abekwa ezidlekeni ngamanani amancane. Imvamisa owesifazane oyedwa ukhiqiza amasende amathathu kuya kwamahlanu ngasikhathi. Lapho-ke insikazi ihlala esidlekeni ifukamele inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bathola ukudla futhi bacule ngokuzimisela, bandizela phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Maphakathi nehlobo, kuzalwa amaphuphu okuqala. Bazalwa bengenakuzisiza ngokuphelele;
- ukunakekela amaphuphu. Cishe amasonto amathathu, ama-lark abesifazane nabesilisa asebenzelana nezingane zabo kuphela. Bayabondla, babafundise ukundiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, akuvamile ukuthi uzwe ukucula okuhle kwamalaka. Amachwane aya ngokuqina, agcwala izimpaphe futhi phakathi nehlobo angakwazi ukushiya isidleke ngokwawo futhi azitholele ukudla.
Izitha zemvelo zama-lark
Isithombe: I-Songbird Lark
Njengezinye izinyoni ezincane, ama-lark ayizisulu ezihlwabusayo zezilwane ezidla ezinye. Lezi zinyoni azikwazi ukuzivikela phambi kwezinye izilwane, ngakho-ke zivame ukufa ngezidladla zazo. Izitha zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-lark yizilwane ezizingelayo. Izikhova, izikhova zokhozi, izigaxa, oklebe ziyingxenye nje yezilwane ezizidlayo ezingabamba futhi zisheshe zibambe izingcwecwe ezincane phansi nasemoyeni ngqo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaLark awanamandla phambi kwezilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko, kepha athole indlela ephumelelayo yokubalekela kuwo. Uma umhlaseli ejaha i-lark endizeni, iwela phansi ngaso leso sikhathi. Imvamisa ukuwa kwenziwa ngotshani obukhulu, emahlathini, lapho inyoni encane ingacasha khona ilinde ingozi.
Amagwababa, izigodo nezinye izinyoni azinabungozi kangako ngoba azihambi kalula endizeni. Kodwa-ke, izitha eziningi eziyingozi ziqamekela ama-lark phansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni zichitha isikhathi esiningi lapho. Izinyoni zifuna ukudla emhlabathini, imvamisa zikhohlwa ngokuphepha kwazo.
Ukunganaki okunjalo kuholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo. Emhlabathini, lezi zinyoni zivame ukufa ngenxa yamagundane amakhulu, izinyoka, ama-ferrets, ama-ermine, ama-shrews kanye nezilwane ezinkulu: izimpungushe, izimpisi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Lark bird spring
AmaLark ayingxenye yomndeni omkhulu wezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi ayisikhombisa. Ngokuvamile, lo mndeni awusongelwa. I-skylark iklonyeliswe nge-Least Concern Conservation Status. Ngempela, izinhlobo eziningi zama-lark zivame kakhulu eMhlabeni. Abantu babo baningi, kepha sikhuluma ngohlobo olulodwa kuphela. Kungani inani lama-lark lincipha kwamanye amazwe?
Lokhu kuthonywe ngokufanayo yizici ezahlukahlukene:
- ukucutshungulwa kwezingadi, izingadi zemifino, amasimu anezibulala-zinambuzane. AmaLark adla ngakho konke abakutholayo emhlabeni: kusuka ezibungu kuya ezinhlamvwini. Umhlabathi onobuthi uholela ekufeni okukhulu kwezinyoni;
- imizimba yamanzi engcolile, imifula, amachibi. Lezi zinyoni zidinga umswakama, amanzi ahlanzekile. Izinga lamanzi elibi liholela ekufeni kwezilwane, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila semvelo;
- ukuhlaselwa njalo yizitha zemvelo. AmaLark awakwazi ukuzivikela, izinyoni ezincane. Kulula ukuzibamba, okuyizinto ezinye izilwane ezisebenzisayo. AmaLark avamise ukubulawa yizidladla zezinyoni nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
ULark uma uthi nhlá ibukeka njengenyoni encane, engabonakali. Nokho, lesi silwane sidinga ukunakwa ngokukhethekile. AmaLark akagcini ngokucula ngokumangazayo, kodwa futhi angabasizi abahle emndenini. Imihlambi yabo emincane iyakwazi ukucacisa ngokuphelele amasimu nezingadi zemifino ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi zezinambuzane ezidala umonakalo omkhulu ekuvuneni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.06.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 23.09.2019 ngo-12: 09
