I-oriole ejwayelekile (i-Oriolus Oriolus) iyinyoni encane enezimpaphe ezikhanyayo nezinhle kakhulu, okumanje okuwukuphela komeleli womndeni we-oriole, i-Passeriformes oda kanye nohlobo lwe-Oriole. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zivamile ezimeni zezulu ezipholile zenyakatho nenkabazwe.
Incazelo ye-oriole ejwayelekile
U-Oriole unomzimba ovulekile kancane.... Usayizi womuntu omdala mkhulu kancane kunalabo abamele izinhlobo ezivamile ze-Starling. Ubude obujwayelekile benyoni enjalo buba cishe ikota yemitha, kanti amaphiko emaphiko aweqi ku-44-45 cm, ngesisindo somzimba esingu-50-90 g.
Ukubukeka
Izici zombala ziveza kahle izici ze-dimorphism yezocansi, lapho abesifazane nabesilisa benokwehluka okuphawuleka kakhulu kwangaphandle. Izimpaphe zabesilisa zinombala ophuzi osagolide, namaphiko amnyama nomsila. Ukuhlelwa komsila namaphiko kuvezwa amabala amancane aphuzi. Uhlobo lomucu omnyama "wamatomu" lusuka emlonyeni futhi lubheke emehlweni, ubude bawo buxhomeke ngqo kuzici zangaphandle ze-subspecies.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuhambisana nezici zombala wezimpaphe zomsila nekhanda, futhi ngokuya ngamanani wobude bezimpaphe zokundiza, i-subspecies ye-oriole ejwayelekile manje ihlukanisiwe.
Abesifazane babonakala ngenhla ephuzi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nangaphansi okumhlophe okunemigqa emnyama yendawo emide. Izimpiko zinombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala. Uqhwaku lwabesifazane nabesilisa lunsundu noma nsundu ngokubomvu, mude ngokwedlulele futhi uqine ngokwedlulele. I-iris ibomvu. Izinyoni ezincane zibukeka zifana nezinsikazi ngokubukeka, kepha ziyehluka ebukhoneni bezimpaphe ezifiphele, ezimnyama nezinhlobonhlobo ezingxenyeni engezansi.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Ama-Orioles asesidlekeni eYurophu abuyela ezindaweni zawo zomdabu eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Abokuqala ukubuya ebusika ngabesilisa abazama ukuhlala ezindaweni abahlala kuzo. Abesifazane bafika ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezine kamuva. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokwakha isidleke, i-Oriole eyimfihlo incamela ukuhlala yodwa kuphela, kepha eminye imibhangqwana ihlala ingahlukaniseki unyaka wonke.
Ama-Orioles akazithandi izindawo ezivulekile, ngakho-ke bazikhawulela ezindizeni ezimfishane ezisuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye. Ukuba khona kwabamele umndeni we-oriole kunganqunywa kuphela izingoma zomculo, ezifana nezwi lomtshingo. Ama-orioles amadala nawo akhetha ukondla ezihlahleni, eqa amagatsha futhi eqoqa izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, izinyoni zindiza ziye ebusika ezifundeni ezifudumele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwehliswa kwezwi kuvezwa ngokuhlukahluka okuningana, kepha okujwayelekile kwe-oriole yisimemezelo, esimelwe uchungechunge lwemisindo engazelelwe ne-raspy "gi-gi-gi-gi" noma i- "fiu-liu-li" emnandi kakhulu.
Izinyoni ezimangalisayo ezihambayo nezisebenzayo ziyakwazi ukugxuma ngokushesha futhi cishe buthule zisuke kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, zicashe ngemuva kwamahlamvu aminyene ezihlahla. Lapho indiza, i-oriole ihamba ngamagagasi, afana nezinyoni ezimnyama neziqophamithi. Ijubane lokundiza elijwayelekile lingu-40-47 km / h, kepha abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi bangafinyelela ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-70 km / h. Bonke abameleli bomndeni wase-Oriole abavamile ukundiza baye obala.
Mangaki ama-orioles ahlala
Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe sabamele umndeni wakwa-Oriole sincike ezintweni eziningi zangaphandle, kepha, njengomthetho, ziyahlukahluka kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-8-15.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Oriole iyinhlobo esabalele yonke indawo.... Le ndawo ihlanganisa indawo cishe yayo yonke iYurophu nengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Ngokwososayensi, i-Oriole ayivamile ukuba nezidleke eBritish Isles futhi kwesinye isikhathi yenzeka e-Isles of Scilly nasogwini oluseningizimu yeNgilandi. Futhi, kwakhiwa izidleke ngokungajwayelekile esiqhingini saseMadeira nasezindaweni zase-Azores. Indawo yokwakha izidleke e-Asia ihlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Itiye elijwayelekile eliluhlaza
- UJay
- I-Nutcracker noma i-Nut
- I-warbler eluhlaza
Ama-Orioles achitha ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yawo ekuphakameni okwanele, emqhele nasemakhasini aminyene ezihlahla. Inyoni yalezi zinhlobo ithanda izindawo ezingamahlathi ezilula nezide, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezinamakhaza, ezimelwe yi-birch, willow noma poplar groves.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphandle kokuthi i-oriole izama ukugwema amahlathi ne-taiga eqhubekayo, labo bantu abamele umndeni we-oriole ngokuzithandela bahlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, bakhetha izingadi, amapaki kanye namahlathi asemigwaqweni.
Ezindaweni ezomile, i-oriole ivame ukuhlala emahlathini e-tugai ezigodini zemifula. Kuyaqabukela, izinyoni zitholakala ezindaweni ezinomuthi wehlathi likaphayini naseziqhingini ezingahlali muntu ezinezimila ezihlukene. Kulesi simo, izinyoni zondla emahlozini e-heather noma zifuna ukudla ezinqwabeni zesihlabathi.
Ukudla kwase-Oriole
I-oriole ejwayelekile ayidli nje kuphela ukudla okusha kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi nokudla kwezilwane okunomsoco kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhulu kwezithelo, izinyoni zizidla ngokuzithandela kanye namajikijolo ezitshalo ezinjenge-bird cherry ne-currant, amagilebhisi ne-sweet cherry. Ama-orioles amadala akhetha amapheya namakhiwane.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa okusebenzayo sihambisana nokwengezwa kokudla kwezinyoni nazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla kwezilwane, okwethulwe ngu:
- izinambuzane eziyizinkuni ngesimo samacimbi ahlukahlukene;
- omiyane abanemilenze emide;
- izindlebe;
- ojekamanzi abakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa;
- izimvemvane ezahlukahlukene;
- izimbungulu zezinkuni;
- izimbungulu zehlathi nezensimu;
- ezinye izicabucabu.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-orioles abhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni ezincane, kufaka phakathi i-redstart ne-grey flycher. Njengomthetho, abamele umndeni wakwa-Oriole badla ngezikhathi zasekuseni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi le nqubo ingabambezeleka kuze kube yisikhathi sasemini.
Izitha zemvelo
I-oriole ivame ukuhlaselwa nguklebe noheshe, ukhozi nekhayithi... Isikhathi sokuzalela sithathwa njengesiyingozi kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho abantu abadala bekwazi ukulahlekelwa ukuqapha kwabo, beguqula ngokuphelele ukunakekela kwabo inzalo. Kodwa-ke, indawo engafinyeleleki esidlekeni isebenza njengesiqinisekiso esithile sokuvikelwa kwamachwane nabantu abadala ezilwaneni eziningi ezidla ezinye.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Abesilisa banakekela kahle abalingani babo, basebenzisa izingoma zomculo ezinemilingo ngale njongo. Phakathi nesonto, izinyoni zizitholela zona, futhi kungemva kwalokho kuphela lapho owesifazane eqala ukukhetha indawo elula yokwakha isidleke, futhi eqala nokwakha okusebenzayo. Isidleke se-Oriole sisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Ukuze ifihle kahle, imfoloko evundlile yamagatsha ikhethwa ebangeni elifanele ukusuka esiqwini sesitshalo.
Isidleke uqobo ngokubukeka sifana nobhasikidi omncane owelukiwe. Zonke izinto ezithwalayo zesakhiwo esinjalo zinanyathiselwe ngokucophelela futhi ngokuthembekile ethekwini ngosizo lwamathe ngenyoni, emva kwalokho izindonga zangaphandle zesidleke zilukiwe. Imicu yemifino, imvuthuluka yezintambo kanye nezicucu zoboya bezimvu, imicu kanye neziqu zotshani, amahlamvu omile kanye nemifece yezinambuzane, ubulembu nomgxolo we-birch kusetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zokwakha izidleke zebhasikidi. Ingaphakathi lesidleke ligcwele ubulembu nezimpaphe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengomthetho, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esinjalo kuthatha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi, emva kwalokho insikazi izalela amaqanda amathathu noma amane ompunga, umbala omhlophe noma obomvana ngokubonakala kwamabala amnyama noma ansundu ebusweni.
Ibamba lifukanyelwa abesifazane kuphela, kuthi emva kwamasonto ambalwa amaphuphu achanyuselwe... Zonke izingane ezivele ngoJuni kusukela emizuzwini yokuqala yempilo yazo ziyanakekelwa futhi zifudunyezwe ngumzali wazo, ozivikela emakhazeni, emvuleni nasemisebeni eshisayo yelanga. Eyesilisa ngalesi sikhathi iletha ukudla kowesifazane kanye nenzalo. Lapho nje izingane zikhula kancane, bobabili abazali baya ukuyofuna ukudla. Amachwane we-oriole asekhulile anamasonto amabili abizwa ngokuthi amazinyane. Zindiza esidlekeni futhi zitholakala emagatsheni aseduze. Ngalesi sikhathi, namanje abazi ukuthi bangazitholela kanjani ukudla ngokuzimela futhi bangaba yizisulu ezilula zabahlaseli. Insikazi neduna zondla izingane ngisho nangemva kokuba "zithathe iphiko".
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni enikezwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature, ama-orioles angaphansi kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-Common Oriole, i-Passerine oda kanye nomndeni wakwa-Oriole. Vele, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nokwehla kwesibalo sabantu bezinyoni ezinjalo, kepha uhlobo lwazo alusengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngokwe-International Red Data Book, i-Oriole njengamanje inesimo setekisi sobungozi obuncane futhi ihlukaniswa njenge-LC.
