I-hydrosphere yiyo yonke imithombo yamanzi eplanethi, ihlukaniswe waba yi-World Ocean, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi asezwenikazi. Iqukethe imithombo elandelayo:
- Imifula namachibi;
- Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- izinguzunga zeqhwa;
- umusi womkhathi;
- izilwandle nezilwandle.
Amanzi eza ezindaweni ezintathu ezibonakalayo, futhi ukuguquka kusuka kuketshezi kuya kokuqinile noma kunegesi, futhi okuphambene nalokho, kubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni. Lo mjikelezo uthinta isimo sezulu nezimo zezulu.
Inkinga yokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Amanzi angumthombo wokuphila kwakho konke ukuphila emhlabeni, kufaka phakathi abantu, izilwane, izitshalo, futhi abamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezokuphilayo. Ngenxa yokuthi isintu sisebenzisa amanzi cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo, isimo salezi zingcebo zemvelo sonakele kakhulu okwamanje.
Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-hydrosphere ukungcola. Ososayensi bakhomba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokungcola kwemvilophu yamanzi:
- okwemvelo;
- amakhemikhali;
- ngomshini noma ngokomzimba;
- eziphilayo;
- okushisayo;
- okukhipha imisebe;
- ekha phezulu.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokungcola okuyingozi kakhulu, konke kuyingozi kumazinga ahlukahlukene, noma, ngokombono wethu, umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ubangelwa ukungcoliswa kwemisebe namakhemikhali. Imithombo emikhulu kakhulu yokungcola ibhekwa njengemikhiqizo kawoyela kanye nodoti oqinile, amanzi angcolile asezindlini nasezimbonini. Futhi, izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali zaphumela emkhathini futhi zagxila kanye nemvula zingena emanzini.
Inkinga yamanzi okuphuza
Kunezinqolobane ezinkulu zamanzi emhlabeni wethu, kepha hhayi wonke okufanele abantu ukuthi bazidle. Kuphela u-2% wemithombo yamanzi emhlabeni ovela emanzini amasha angaphuzwa, ngoba u-98% ungamanzi anosawoti kakhulu. Okwamanje, imifula, amachibi neminye imithombo yamanzi okuphuza ingcoliswe kakhulu, futhi nokuhlanzwa kwamazinga amaningi, okungasetshenziswa njalo, akusisizi kakhulu isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yamanzi ihlukaniswe ngokungalingani kwiplanethi, futhi izinhlelo zemisele yamanzi azithuthukiswa yonke indawo, ngakho-ke kunezindawo zomhlaba ezomile lapho amanzi abiza kakhulu kunegolide. Lapho, abantu babulawa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi izingane, ngoba inkinga yokushoda kwamanzi okuphuza ithathwa njengefanelekile futhi isemhlabeni wonke namuhla. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi angcolile, angahlanjululwe kahle, kuholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zazo kuze kuholele nasekufeni.
Uma singakhathazeki ngokunciphisa izinga lokungcola kwe-hydrosphere futhi singaqali ukuhlanza imizimba yamanzi, khona-ke abanye abantu bazofakwa ubuthi ngamanzi angcolile, kanti abanye bazomisa ngaphandle kwawo.
