Njengomthetho, lapho ucabanga ngokuthenga i-aquarium, into yokuqala egxila kuyo yinhlanzi, kunjalo. Futhi bekungaba kanjani ngenye indlela uma, ngokwesibonelo, ukuvakashela umngane noma uvakashele isikhungo esithile futhi ubone lezi zakhamizi ezinhle zamanzi ajulile emanzini, isifiso esikhulu sokwenza ubuhle obunjalo ekhaya naso sizinze emphefumulweni.
Isifiso esilandelayo esivela ngemuva kokuthengwa noma ukufakwa kwesigubhu sokufakelwa ukuhlobisa phansi kwaso ngemihlobiso ehlukahlukene noma ngisho nokuhlomisa isigodlo sepulasitiki. Kepha ngemuva kwazo zonke lezi zinkathazo, esinye isici esibalulekile futhi esingabalulekile ngandlela thile sifiphele ngemuva, lapho kunganciki khona ukubukeka kobuhle be-aquarium kuphela, kepha ne-microclimate yayo incike kakhulu. Njengoba kungenzeka uqagele, sikhuluma ngezitshalo.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukugcizelela zisuka nje ukuthi izitshalo ze-aquarium azilona ulwelwe, iningi lazo elivame ukuzibiza, zombili ngabantu abajwayelekile kanye nama-novice aquarists. I-algae ifaka ama-microorganisms azala ngokuzimisela ezimweni ezikahle kubo, ezibandakanya, ngokwesibonelo, ukuba khona kokukhanyisa okukhanyayo nokukhulu noma ukunakekelwa okungajwayelekile. Ukusabalalisa, kutholakala engilazini nakwezinye izinto zokuhlobisa, kuzimboze ngokuphelele ngabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwelwe lungabulala izinhlanzi ngokuvala isihlungi bese lisebenzisa umoya-mpilo.
Izitshalo, kepha, zidinga indlela ekhethekile yokuthuthuka kwazo. Futhi, azisebenzi nje njengomhlobiso omuhle e-aquarium, kodwa futhi azilimazi nhlobo izinhlanzi. Futhi lokho akushiwo ezinye izakhiwo zabo ezizuzisayo. Kepha phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zazo, izitshalo eziyisembozo somhlabathi ezingaphambili zihlala endaweni ekhethekile.
Yiziphi izitshalo ezibhekwa njengezitshalo zokumboza umhlaba?
I-aquarium yakhelwe kahle ihlala ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele. Kepha uma ukukhetha kwezinhlanzi nokuhlobisa kusenzima, ukukhethwa kwezitshalo ezingaphambili kunzima ngisho nakuma-aquarists anolwazi. Njengomthetho, ekuhlobiseni le ngxenye yomkhumbi wokufakelwa, izitshalo zisetshenziswa ikakhulu, ubude bazo abudluli ku-100 mm, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezinga eliphakeme akukwazi ukufihla ngokuphelele ekubukekeni okufana nezinhlanzi, kepha i-aquarium uqobo iyoba ncanyana ngokubonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, sizoba yindlela enhle yokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesitshalo, olubizwa nangokuthi ikhava yomhlabathi. Ake sizicabangele ngokuningiliziwe.
I-Glossostigma
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ama-aquarist amaningi ayenesitshalo esisha - iGlossostigma, evela emndenini we-norichnik. Ehluke ekukhuleni okuncane kakhulu (20-30 mm) - lezi zitshalo ze-aquarium zilethwe zivela eNew Zealand. Phansi, kepha ngamahlumela amade, akhula ngokuvundlile ngokuvundlile futhi angenamaqabunga abanzi kakhulu (3-5 mm), azokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuguqula indawo engaphambili echibini lokufakelwa ngaphezu kokuqashelwa, engeza imibala yokuphila engavamile kuyo.
Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela ukuthi lezi zitshalo zizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni, futhi ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, isiqu esikhula ngokuvundlile siqala ukukhula sibheke phezulu, siphakamise kancane amaqabunga abe ukuphakama kuka-50-100 mm phansi. Futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isiqu ngokushesha simboza yonke ingaphansi ngamaqabunga aso. Ngakho-ke lezi zimo zifaka:
- Hhayi amanzi anzima kakhulu futhi ane-asidi.
- Ukugcinwa kombuso wokushisa ngaphakathi kwama-degree angama-15-26.
- Ukuba khona kokukhanya okukhanyayo.
Kunconywa futhi ukuthi wenze ukucebisa njalo kwamanzi e-aquarium nge-carbon dioxide.
I-Liliopsis
Lezi zitshalo eziyisembozo somhlabathi zingezomndeni wesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi noma, njengoba zazibizwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izitshalo zezambulela. Njengomthetho, emadamini okufakelwa ungathola izinhlobo ezimbili ze-liliopsis:
- Umdabu waseBrazil eNingizimu Melika.
- UCaroline, otholakala eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika.
Labo okungenani bake babona lezi zitshalo ezingathobekile e-aquarium ngokungaziqhathanisi baziqhathanisa notshani obuncane futhi obugundwe kahle. ILiliopsis iqukethe inqwaba yezimpande ze-lobular futhi ifaka phakathi kwamaqabunga ayi-1 kuye kwayi-3 wohlaka lwe-lanceolate, ububanzi balo obungu-2-5 mm.
Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela ukuthi ukwakha ukhaphethi ominyene wotshani e-aquarium - lezi zitshalo azidingi ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nolunye uhlaza, i-liliopsis ikhula kancane kakhulu, ikhetha ukwandisa indawo yayo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokugqagqana phezu kotshani obuluhlaza obukhona vele edamini lokuzenzela.
I-Sitnyag
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zitshalo zokumboza phansi e-aquarium, kepha ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Mncane.
- Okufana nenaliti.
Ukuvela kwalezi zitshalo kunesici ngoba zishoda ngokuphelele ngamaqabunga. Abanye abantu abavamile kwesinye isikhathi baze benze amaphutha amancane ngeziqu ezinombala oluhlaza ogqamile wamaqabunga, asuka kuma-rhizomes acwebezelayo acwebezelayo. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela ama-spikelets osayizi abancane ngaphezulu kwalezi zinhlanga, okuqinisekisa ngokuphelele labo abangabazayo ukuthi lezi zitshalo zasemanzini azinawo amaqabunga.
Ukukhulisa lezi zitshalo, kwanele ukugcina ukushisa kwamanzi kubanga kusuka kuma-12-25 degrees, ubulukhuni kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-20 dH. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukugcizelela ukuthi izitshalo ezinjalo ziyachuma ku-aquarium encane.
Echinodorus mnene
Okwamanje, lezi zitshalo ezimboza umhlabathi we-aquarium zimfushane kakhulu emndenini wonke wendebe. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-50-60 mm, yize kwesinye isikhathi ukuphakama kwezihlahla ezindala kufinyelela ku-100 mm. Amaqabunga awo abukhali ngesimo somugqa futhi ancipha esisekelweni futhi ekugcineni abukhali phezulu. Ububanzi bawo buyi-2-4 mm. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi lezi zitshalo azithobeki ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ngokulima kwayo, kwanele ukugcina umbuso wokushisa ebangeni lama-18-30 degrees nobulukhuni be-1-14dH. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngokukhanya okukhanyayo.
Kungenxa yokukhanya okwanele ukuthi amaqabunga ethenda le-Echinodorus athola umbala omnyama ngokukhanyayo onsundu. Futhi, iningi lama-aquarists selivele ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo selinesiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zitshalo zihamba phambili phakathi kwesembozo somhlabathi ngenxa yokukhuthazela kwazo okukhulu, ukuzala kwazo ngokushesha nokungabi bikho kwesimo esiyisibopho sezinye izimila, esiqukethe ukondla njalo nge-carbon dioxide.
Ubulembu baseJavanese
Zihlukaniswa ngokubekezela okuhle, lezi zitshalo zasolwandle ezisezingeni eliphansi ezinakekelwa kahle zithandwa kakhulu ngabaqalayo kanye nama-aquarists anolwazi. Ama-moss aseJavan aqhamuka emndenini we-hypnum futhi azalelwa eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kuyamangalisa iqiniso lokuthi ubulembu baseJavan bungakhula buvundle buye phezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona ukusekelwa okuncane eduze kwalesi sitshalo, isibonelo, itshe noma izinkuni zokukhukhumeza, ungabona ukuthi amahlumela aqala kanjani ukuluka, lukhuphukela phezulu ekukhanyeni. Uma ukukhanya okungekho phezulu kakhulu, khona-ke lesi sitshalo singasebenzisa ingilazi ye-aquarium namaqabunga ezinye izimila njengesisekelo.
Okubalulekile! Ukugcina amadlelo aluhlaza akhangayo e-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuthi uvune njalo amahlumela akhulayo bese welula iziqubu ze-accrete.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi okuqukethwe kwayo akubangeli nhlobo ubunzima. Ngakho-ke, konke okudingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushisa kwamanzi akushiyi umkhawulo wama-degree angama-15-28, futhi ubulukhuni buyahluka phakathi kuka-5-9 pH.
URichia
Lezi zitshalo zasemanzini imvamisa isitshalo sokuqala esitholwayo ukuthi sibekwe emanzini. Futhi iphuzu alikho kuphela ekungathobekini kwabo, kepha futhi nasekukhiqizeni kwabo ngokushesha. Imvamisa, iRichia itholakala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi ze-aquarium, eduze kwaphezulu. Ngaphandle, lesi sitshalo siqukethe i-dichotomous thalli, egatsha phakathi kwabo. Ubukhulu begatsha elilodwa elinjalo abudluli ku-1mm. Emvelweni wemvelo, i-ricia ingatholakala emizimbeni yamanzi emile noma ehamba kancane ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lezi zitshalo zizala ngokushesha okukhulu, zimboza ubuso bamanzi ngongqimba oluncane, kepha hhayi inhlabathi. Yingakho kusenempikiswano eshubile phakathi kososayensi mayelana nokuthi i-ricia ingeyani eqenjini lezitshalo zokumboza umhlaba.
Abanye ochwepheshe bachaza okwabo kuleli qembu ngokuthi uRichia angagoqwa ngentambo yokudoba ezungeze itshe noma inkuni yokukhukhumeza futhi ashiye lapho kuze kube yilapho yonke indawo yesisekelo imbozwe ngokuphelele ngamagatsha alesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, itshe elincane lingaphenduka indunduma enhle ngokungavamile, ezolingana kahle nezwe layo lonke ingaphambili le-aquarium.
UMarsilia unamaqabunga amane
Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungasikhulumi lesi sitshalo esingathobeki, esitholakala cishe kuwo wonke ama-aquarium. Ekunakekelweni okuphansi futhi okungathobekile, iMarsilia enamaqabunga amane izobukeka inkulu emadamini amakhulu okwenziwa. Ngaphandle, lesi sitshalo sifana nefern enamaqabunga esimo sangempela, esise-rhizome enwabuzelayo, ekhetha ukuhamba phezu kwawo wonke umhlaba.
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo okuphezulu kungu-100-120 mm. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, iMarsilia enamaqabunga amane ibukeka njengokhaphethi oluhlaza, ukuphakama kwawo kungeqi ku-30-40 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuyitshala ngezihlwathi kanye nempande ngayinye ngokwehlukana.
Izimo ezifanele zokutshala lesi sitshalo zibhekwa njengokushisa kwamanzi okungama-18-22 degrees, kepha amacala aqoshwe lapho iMarsilia enamaqabunga amane izwa kamnandi emazingeni okushisa asezindaweni ezishisayo. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi ukushintsha amanzi akulithinti nakancane izinga lokukhula kwawo.
