Umzimba womuntu uhlelwe ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu, ehlukahlukene futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngeshwa, kwesinye isikhathi siba nje ukudla nekhaya lezinto ezithile eziyingozi kakhulu.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umzimba udinga amagciwane azuzisayo ukuze usebenze kahle, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphezu kwawo, izidalwa eziyingozi kakhulu zihlala lapho. Phakathi kwazo - ingulube tapeworm.
Ukubukeka kwesikelemu sengulube
Ubukhulu ingulube i-tapeworm parasite kuya ngobudala bayo, futhi lapho usumdala (iminyaka eminingana), ingakhula kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwangu-4. Kungenxa yohlobo lwe-tapeworms ezivela emndenini we-tapeworm, ukuhleleka kwama-cyclophyllids.
Ikhanda, noma i-scolex yesibungu, inesimo sephini, kunezinkomishi ezine zokudonsa kuso, okusetshenziswa kuso isibungu sakhiwe ezindongeni zamathumbu. Ibuye ibe nemigqa emibili yamahhuku (kuze kube yizicucu ezingama-32) yokulungiswa okungcono.
Izingxenye zamaketanga zinde kakhulu, kuze kube yizicucu eziyi-1000, i-strobila uqobo incane kunaleyo yesikelemu esifana - isibungu sezinkomo. Izingxenye ezintsha zikhula ukusuka ohlangothini lwekhanda, kuthi ezindala zihlukaniswe futhi ziphume, ngenkathi ziqukethe amaqanda esamba sezicucu ezingafika ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50.
Izingxenye ze-hermaphrodite zihlangene, ngaphakathi kwazo kunemibungu enezinkomba ezi-6. Ingulube tapeworm, noma isibungu, ine-ovary ovular emithathu futhi cishe amagatsha wesibeletho ayishumi.
Indawo yengulube tapeworm
Ingulube tapeworm ingahlala yonke indawo, kepha ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni lapho kuzaliswa khona izingulube. Lawa angamazwe aseLatin America, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Africa.
Kuze kube ngu-35% wamacala wokutheleleka kwezingulube aqoshwa lapho. Izinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka komuntu endaweni yase-Afrika - eCameroon, eNigeria, eZaire. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulezi zindawo akutholakali ukuzalanisa izingulube kuphela, kepha futhi nezinga lokuphila liphansi kakhulu, umuthi osezingeni eliphakeme awutholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi kuwo wonke umuntu.
Endaweni yaseLatin America utheleleke ngengulube tapeworm Izilwane ezingama-20% nabantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Ukraine neBelarus ngezikhathi ezithile iba yisizinda sesifo, kanye neKrasnodar Territory.
Izibungu zihlala endaweni ephakathi nendawo ikakhulukazi kwizicubu zemisipha. Isibungu esikhulile sihlala kuphela kubantu, sizinamathisela ezindongeni zamathumbu amancane. Ukukhipha amaqanda ngezikhathi ezithile, aphuma nendle.
Indlela yokuphila nezinhlobo zengulube tapeworm
Ingulube umjikelezo wempilo yesikelemu ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. “Ikhaya” eliphakathi nendawo izingulube ezifuywayo noma zasendle, kwesinye isikhathi izinja, amakati, onogwaja nabantu. Ukungena emzimbeni wesilwane noma kumuntu, i-oncosphere (amaqanda ezikelemu) zizalwa kabusha zibe yizibungu (Finn).
Ngaphandle, abukeka njengamabhamuza anobubanzi obungu-1 cm anoketshezi ngaphakathi. Ukuba khona kwalezi zibungu kubangela isifo kubantu - i-cysticercosis. Izibungu zingaba semhlabathini lapho isithelo siwele khona noma isivuno semifino sesivuniwe.
Uma umkhiqizo ungazange welashwe ngokushisa futhi kwakukhona amaqanda ezikelemu kuwo, khona-ke angena emzimbeni bese eqala umsebenzi wawo obalulekile emisipheni. Enyameni yesilwane esigulayo, kungaba khona nesibungu esizodala lesi sifo.
Abakhiqizi bengulube kumele baqiniseke ukuthi balawula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabo. Izibungu ezingena emzimbeni zivuthwa kungakapheli izinyanga ezi-2-2.5.
Amehlo, imisipha, izingqimba ezingaphansi, nobuchopho kuyathinteka. Isibungu singahlala emzimbeni wesilwane cishe iminyaka emibili, bese siyafa. Kepha uma izibungu zingena emzimbeni womuntu, zihlala lapho iminyaka eminingana.
AmaFinnns abhajwe emzimbeni womuntu akha umuntu omdala, okuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa asengazala kabusha ngezigaba. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-tapeworm ngo isibungu ovuthiwe ngokocansi kwenzeka kuphela emzimbeni womuntu.
Lowo onegciwane ungumphathi wesibungu, ongahlala emzimbeni amashumi eminyaka, afake ubuthi kumninikhaya ngoshevu futhi athelele imfucuza, inhlabathi nenye imvelo ngamaqanda. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-teniasis.
Ukudla okunomsoco wezingulube
Isakhiwo se-tapeworm yengulube kufaka phakathi ukondleka ngokumunca ukudla okuvela ebusweni bonke bomzimba wakhe. Azinazo izitho zokugaya ukudla. Izikelemu zabantu abadala zinamathela ezindongeni zamathumbu amancane womuntu, lapho zithola khona ukudla okugwinywa umuntu, kudla okuqukethwe amathumbu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izibungu ngokwazo azikho engozini, ngoba zikhiqiza into ekhethekile (i-antikinase) evimbela ukugayeka kwazo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isibungu esidala esihlala emzimbeni womuntu sikhula kusuka ekhanda, bese izingxenye zokugcina zinqamuka ziphumele ngaphandle ngendle. Ziqukethe amaqanda awela enhlabathini futhi angalala lapho isikhathi eside kakhulu, njengokungathi alondoloziwe.
Ngokushesha nje lapho bengena endaweni enhle (umzimba ophilayo), izibungu zikhula zivela emaqandeni. Lapho ingulube engcolisiwe ingalungiswa ngokwanele ngaphambi kokuba idliwe, abakwaFinns bangena emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi lapho sebephenduka abantu abadala. Isikelemu singahlala kumuntu amashumi eminyaka.
Izimpawu nokwelashwa kwengulube tapeworm
Njengoba wonke umuntu azi, kulula ukuvikela isifo kunokusielapha. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu ngemikhiqizo engena ekudleni. Amaqanda ezikelemu zengulube asemhlabathini, okusho ukuthi angaba semifinini nasezithelweni ezibekwe kule nhlabathi.
Izibungu azimelani namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, kanye nokwanda okuqinile kwamazinga okushisa, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokudla, imifino kufanele ifakwe iziphuzo ngamanzi abilayo, futhi inyama kufanele ithosiwe ezingeni lokushisa okungenani lama-80 C⁰ ngehora noma iqandiswe ngo -15 C⁰ okungenani izinsuku eziyishumi. Kunezimpawu eziningi zesifo se-teniasis:
- umzimba ukhombisa ukungezwani komzimba;
- inqubo yokuvuvukala yenzeka ezindongeni zamathumbu ngenxa yokucasuka kwemishini ngamahhuku nezinkomishi zokudonsa;
- engxenyeni yesimiso sezinzwa, kukhona ikhanda, isiyezi, izinkinga zokulala (ukuqwasha, amaphupho amabi), ukuquleka;
- kunciphisa isifiso sokudla, ukubopha, ukuhlanza, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza;
- uhudo noma, kuyaqabukela, ukuqunjelwa;
- ukushisa nokunwaya endunu;
- isibindi, i-gallbladder ayisebenzi kahle;
- ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile bomzimba.
Kunzima ukuxilonga i-teniasis, ngoba izimpawu ziyefana nezinye izifo zesisu, umqala namathumbu. Indle ihlolwe izigaba zokuphela kwe-strobila ezinamaqanda ezikelemu.
I-ovoscopy yenziwa ukuveza ubukhona bawo wonke ama-strobes afanayo, okuthi, ngokungafani nemidweshu yesikelemu senkunzi, anganyakazi. Ukuze kutholakale i-cysticercosis, igazi lihlolwe kakhulu kuma-antibodies, ngoba ngalesi sifo akukho strobil emzimbeni.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, i-coprogram kuyenziwa, kusetshenziswa ama-X-ray namaskena. Ubunzima bokuthola lesi sifo ukuthi izibungu azikwazi ukutholwa njalo okokuqala, ngakho-ke, ukulethwa kwendle kunqunywa ngemithamo eminingana ngezikhathi ezithile. Izindlela namalungiselelo ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ingulube tapeworm. Kuzokwazi kakhulu ukwenza ukwelashwa esibhedlela, ngaphansi kweso lodokotela.
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezibangela ukubola kwegciwane, ngoba kungenzeka lingafi ngokuphelele, kepha lihlale lisesimweni seFinn, esizodala isifo esizimele esiyingozi ngokulingana - i-cysticercosis. Udokotela ongaphansi kokuqondisa angase anikeze umuthi i-biltricide, edala ukukhubazeka kwesibungu kanye nokukhishwa kwaso.
Ukukhishwa kwe-fern yesilisa kunomphumela ofanayo wokukhubaza. Isikelemu sikhubazeka bese siyafa. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo, udinga ukulandela izinsuku ezimbili zokudla okuqinile nama-enemas kasawoti ebusuku.
Ngosuku lwesithathu ekuseni, i-enema yokuhlanza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa - ama-5-7 amagremu. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-40-50, i-laxative isidakiwe. Ungathatha ukudla okulula kungakadluli ihora nesigamu. Amathumbu kufanele azithululele ngokwawo, kepha uma ngemuva kwamahora amathathu lokhu kungenzeki, kufanele kunikezwe i-enema.
Ikhambi elincane kunazo zonke yimbewu yethanga, ethelwa ngamanzi bese ibekwa kubhavu wamanzi amahora angu-1.5-2. I-decoction eyenziwe ngomumo yamagremu ayi-500 wembewu kufanele iphuzwe ngakusasa ekuseni, esiswini esingenalutho.
Bese usebenzisa i-saline laxative bese uya endlini yangasese kungakapheli amahora amathathu kamuva. Akunconywa ukuthi welashwe ekhaya, ngoba umzimba ungasabela ngokungaqondakali, ikakhulukazi kwababuthakathaka nasebekhulile.
