Igundane lemvukuzane elinqunu (lat. Heterocephalus glaber) - igundane elincane elihlala empumalanga ye-Afrika, emathafeni asogwadule nasemathafeni awomile e-Ethiopia, Kenya naseSomalia. Isilwane esimangalisayo esiqoqe amakhono omzimba ahlukile esilwaneni esincelisayo, futhi simangaze ngenhlangano yaso yezenhlalo, okuyinto engajwayelekile ngokuphelele kubamele umbuso wezilwane.
Ukuvela kwegundane le-mole elinqunu
Isithombe segundane le-mole elinqunu hhayi umbono omuhle kakhulu. Isilwane sibukeka njengegundane elikhulu, elisanda kuzalwa, noma imvukuzane encane enempandla.
Isikhumba esimpunga esimpunga segundane lemvukuzane cishe alinaboya. Ungabona ama-vibrissae amaningana (izinwele ezinde) ezisiza igundane eliyimpumputhe ukuzulazula emhubheni ongaphansi komhlaba, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba wegundane elinqunu abudluli ku-10 cm, kufaka phakathi umsila omncane ka-3-4 cm.Isisindo somzimba ngokuvamile sisebangeni lama-35 - 40 amagremu. Izinsikazi ezingama-Rodent zicishe ziphindwe kabili - cishe ngama-60-70 amagremu.
Isakhiwo somzimba esivumelaniswe nendlela yokuphila yangaphansi komhlaba isilwane. Igundane lemvukuzane elinqunu ihamba ngemilenze emine emifushane, phakathi kwezinzwani ezinwele ezimahhadla ezikhulayo, isiza isilwane ukumba umhlabathi.
Amehlo amancane anombono ophansi nezindlebe ezinciphile akhombisa nokuthi isilwane sihlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, umuzwa wesilwane wokuhogela uyathandeka futhi uhlukaniswe ngokusebenza - uhlelo olfactory oluphambili lwamagundane emvukuzane lufuna ukudla, umuzwa owengeziwe wephunga uvuliwe lapho umuntu edinga ukubona isihlobo sakhe ngesimo. Leli iphuzu elibalulekile, ngoba kusesimweni lapho indlela yokuphila isilwane esingaphansi komhlaba esihola ngayo incike ngokuphelele.
Amazinyo amabili amade angaphambili akhula emhlathini ongenhla asebenza njengethuluzi lokumba lesilwane. Amazinyo adudulelwa phambili ngokuqinile, okwenza ukuthi izindebe ziwuvale ngci umlomo ovula umlomo kusuka ekungeneni komhlaba ungene kuwo.
Amagundane anqunu yizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo
Izici ezihlukile zesinqe semvukuzane esinqunu
Kunzima ukuthola isilwane esincelisayo esingancintisana nesilinganiso semvukuzane esinqunu ngokwenani lezici ezimangalisayo zokusebenza kwezinhlelo zempilo yaso:
- Ukuzinza... Njengezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezirhubuluzayo, amagundane emvukuzane angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa namazinga okushisa asendaweni. Ngenhlanhla, izilwane zihlala e-Afrika eshisayo kuphela, lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlaba ekujuleni ngisho kwamamitha amabili alikwazi ukuholela ku-hypothermia yesilwane. Ebusuku, izilwane ezisebenza kanzima ziqeda umsebenzi wazo. Ukushisa kuyaphela ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke amagundane enqunu alala ndawonye, aqoqene eduze.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzwela ebuhlungwini... Into ehambisa isignali yobuhlungu ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi imane ingekho egundaneni lemvukuzane. Isilwane asibuzwa ubuhlungu lapho sisikwa, silunywa noma sivezwa esikhumbeni nge-asidi.
- Amandla okuphila ngokuncishwa komoya-mpilo... Imigudu eyembiwa ngamazinyo angamazinyo itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba futhi ingama-4-6 cm ububanzi kuphela. Amagundane ase-Afrika anqunu ivumelaniswe nezimo zokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane, inani lamaseli abomvu egazini lezilwane ezingaphansi komhlaba liphakeme kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuthola wonke umoya-mpilo otholakala ku-labyrinth. nqunu imvukuzane, igundane kubiza umoya omncane. Isilwane singahlala kumodi yendlala ye-oksijini isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yehora, futhi lokhu akuholeli ekusebenzeni kobuchopho okungakhubazekile nasekufeni kwamaseli we-digger encane.
Lapho umoya-mpilo uba maningi futhi isilwane sibuyela esimeni saso esijwayelekile sokusetshenziswa, konke ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana obuchopho nakho kubuyela emsebenzini ngaphandle kokulimala.
Igundane le-mole elinqunu lingenza ngaphandle komoya-mpilo cishe imizuzu engama-30. ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo
- Ukuvikelwa komzimba kwizimila nomdlavuza. Ngenxa yalesi sici esihlukile, ososayensi batadisha ngenkuthalo amagundane emvukuzane enqunu. Kutholakale ukuthi isizathu salokhu kuvimbela umdlavuza yi-hyaluronic acid engavamile equkethwe emzimbeni wesilwane, owaziwa ukuthi usebenza ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwamagciwane ezicutshini, kanye nokugcina ukuqina kwesikhumba nokulawula ibhalansi yamanzi. Ngakho-ke kumagundane emvukuzane le asidi isisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana, ngokungafani nesethu - isisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana.
Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kuguqukela ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kuhlotshaniswa nesidingo sokwandisa ukuqina kwesikhumba nokuqina kwamalunga ezilwane ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba kalula emaphasishi amancane e-labyrinths yazo engaphansi komhlaba.
- Ikhono lokuphila ubusha obungunaphakade. Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi isizathu sokuguga kwamaseli omzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yama-radicals wamahhala avela ngesikhathi sokuhogela umoya-mpilo, oxhuma ulwelwesi lweseli ne-DNA. Kodwa nalapha isilwane esiyingqayizivele sivikelwe emiphumeleni enjalo eyingozi. Amaseli ayo amelana ngokuthula nezinqubo ze-oxidative isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi.
- Amandla okwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi. Empilweni yabo yonke, amagundane anqunu awaphuzi igremu elilodwa lamanzi! Banelisekile impela ngomswakama oqukethwe yizilimo eziyizigaxa nezimpande zezitshalo ezisetshenziselwe ukudla.
- Amandla okuhamba kunoma iyiphi indlela. Leli khono liphinde lilawulwe yindlela yokuphila yangaphansi komhlaba. Imigudu emincane izilwane eziyimbayo incane kakhulu kangangokuba kuyinkinga kakhulu ukujika kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ikhono lokuqhubekela phambili phambili futhi liqhubekele emuva ezimweni ezinjalo alinakubuyiselwa.
Indlela yokuphila yegundane enqunu
Isakhiwo senhlalo sempilo yamagundane angaphansi komhlaba nawo awasona isibhengezo. Amagundane enqunu aphile kumgomo wendunduma - amakoloni lapho kubusa khona imishado. INdlovukazi iyona kuphela owesifazane onelungelo lokuzala.
Amanye amalungu ekoloni (inani lawo lifinyelela kumakhulu amabili) asabalalisa imithwalo yemfanelo phakathi kwawo - ama-labyrinths anamandla futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, amakhulu nabadala bagada ukuphela kwesitha sabavukuzi - izinyoka, futhi ababuthaka nabancane banakekela isizukulwane esisha futhi bafune ukudla.
Amagundane anqunu amamba imigqa engaphansi komhlaba, afole kulayini owodwa omude. Isisebenzi esisekhanda ngamazinyo aqinile sivula indlela, sidlulise umhlaba siye ngemuva, njalonjalo ngeketanga kuze kube yilapho umhlaba uphonswa ebusweni yisilwane sokugcina. Ikholoni elinjalo lithulula inhlabathi efinyelela kumathani amathathu ngonyaka.
Amapaseji angaphansi komhlaba abekwa ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili futhi angaba ngamakhilomitha amahlanu ubude. Njengezintuthwane ikoloni lamagundane anqunu ihlomisa ama-labyrinths ngamakhekhe okubekisela ukudla, amakamelo okukhulisa izilwane ezisencane, nezindlu ezihlukanisiwe zendlovukazi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amagundane emvukuzane awanaso isikhathi esithile sokuzala. Indlovukazi ikhiqiza inzalo njalo emavikini ayi-10-12. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-70. Udoti wesifazane uqukethe amarekhodi amaningi ezilwane ezincelisayo - kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-27.
Insikazi inezingono eziyishumi nambili, kepha lokhu akusona isithiyo sokondla zonke izingane ngobisi. INdlovukazi ibondla ngokushintshana inyanga. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, umuntu okhulile uba yisisebenzi futhi ajoyine izihlobo zabantu abadala.
Amagundane enqunu afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka yonyaka owodwa. Kepha indlovukazi kuphela evunyelwe ukushada nokukhiqiza inzalo. Ngenxa yokungalaleli, i-autocrat enonya ingaluma kakhulu ilungu elinecala laleli koloni, kuze kube sekufeni kwesilwane.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani amagundane ezinqunu? Ngokungafani namagundane abo kanye namagundane, abembi bangaphansi komhlaba babhekwa ngokufanele ukuthi baphila isikhathi eside. Ngokwesilinganiso, isilwane siphila iminyaka engama-26-28, sigcina ubusha baso kanye namandla okuzala kulo lonke uhambo.
