Izici nendawo yokuhlala inyamazane
Isilwane esimangalisayo - i-reindeer ingaba yizilwane zasendle nezasekhaya. Kuyihlazo ukuthi lo mholi oziqhenyayo, ohloniphekile wezilwane kade abe yisisulu sabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, ngenxa yalokho inani lezinyamazane elingakhuli, kepha liyancipha kuphela.
Ukukhula kwalesi silwane kuncane, ekubuneni kufinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu kuphela, umzimba u-oblong, ufinyelela ku-220 cm ubude. Isibonelo, abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa, okungukuthi, ubulili buyabizwa. Amadoda amahle anesisindo esisuka ku-100 kuye ku-220 kg.
Ukucabangela isithombe se-reindeer, lapho-ke ungabona ukuthi uboya babo bunebanga elicebile ngokwanele lemibala ensundu nensundu. Izinyamazane zasehlathini zinombala omnyama kakhulu, kodwa izihlobo zesiqhingi yizona ezilula kunazo zonke.
Ebusika, umbala wejazi uyashintsha, futhi inyamazane iba lula kakhulu, ungathola ngisho nendoda ebukekayo. Ngendlela, abesilisa abahlukile kwabesifazane ngombala.
Ku-reindeer, bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bagqoka izimpondo
Lapho kususwa, uboya basehlobo, obucishe bube yi-1 cm ubude, buyekela ebusika, obude impela futhi obukhulu. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwaleli jazi, lesi silwane asikwazi nje kuphela ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi, kepha siyisibhukudi esimangalisayo.
Kepha hhayi kuphela uboya obukhethekile kulesi silwane, ukwakheka kwezinselo nakho kuyathakazelisa. Zibanzi ngokwanele ukuthi zinamathele kahle ebusweni beqhwa, futhi nezinwele ezinde ziyakhula phakathi kwezinselo, ezisiza nesilwane ukuthi sihlale eqhweni. Izinselo ngokwazo ziyi-concave, ukuze kube lula ukumba futhi isilwane singazitholela ukudla kwaso.
Futhi-ke, ukuziqhenya okukhethekile izinyamazane kukhona izimpondo... Ngendlela, ayatholakala kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kuyiqiniso, kwabesilisa banethezeka kakhulu - banamagatsha futhi made. Kepha ebusika, abesilisa bachitha ubuhle babo, kanti abesifazane bahlala bengenazimpondo ngemuva kokuba namazinyane.
Izimpondo zenyamazana ezingasetshenziswanga ziqoqwa ngabantu. Izimpondo ezinjalo zibizwa izimpondo futhi inezindawo zokuphulukisa kakhulu, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhemisi.
Izinyamazane zihlukaniswe nge-tundra, ihlathi nezinyamazane zezintaba. Amagama akhombisa ukuthi inyamazane ithanda ukuba kuphi. Izinyamazane zeTundra bahlala etundra, izinyamazane zehlathi zikhetha ukuba semahlathini, nezinyamazane zezintaba zithambekele ezintabeni. Futhi nokho, ukwahlukanisa izinyamazane ngendawo akukhona kahle ngokuphelele, ngoba lezi zilwane zivame ukufuduka.
Izinyamazane zivamile eNyakatho Melika, eRussia, eKamchatka, enyakatho yeCanada, e-Alaska, eSakhalin naseTaimyr. Akumangalisi ukuthi inyamazane ibizwa ngokuthi "inyakatho", lesi silwane sikhetha ukuhlala ezimweni zezulu ezisenyakatho.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyamazane
I-reindeer ichitha lonke ihlobo ogwini lwase-Arctic. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwezinye izindawo, izindimbane zezinsikazi ziyabacasula, kepha umoya opholile wase-Arctic uvimbela ama-midge ekuhlukumezeni izilwane. Kodwa ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, imihlambi yezinyamazane ithunyelwa emahlathini.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, lezi zilwane zibheka izindawo lapho kungekho iqhwa eliningi khona, ngoba lapho kuneziqhwa ezinkulu zeqhwa kunzima kuzo ukuthola ukudla. Ekufuneni izindawo ezinjalo, umhlambi unganqoba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-500, ubhukude unqamule imifula futhi uwele ezinye izithiyo. Kuphela ngokuqala kukaMeyi lapho umhlambi wezinyamazane ubuyela emuva kutundra. Ngendlela, imihlambi yama-reindeer ihlala ifuduka ngendlela efanayo.
Ngokuvamile, izinyamazane zihlala emihlambini. Kuliqiniso, abanye abantu bahlala ngokuhlukana, kepha lokhu akujwayelekile. Inani labantu bomhlambi liyahlukahluka. Njengomthetho, kukhona owesilisa oyedwa eqenjini, kanti abanye bayizinsikazi ezinamathole amancane.
Vele, inhloko yomhlambi ivikela amacala ayo kuzitha nasekungeneleleni kwamanye amaduna. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ngenxa yalokhu, izimpi ezinzima zenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa. Owesilisa uphawula indawo ahlala kuyo ngemfihlo ekhethekile.
Ukudla
Ama-reindeer, njengezinye izinhlobo, ayizilwane ezidla izitshalo. Basebenzisa kabanzi konke okunikezwa yimvelo ukudla. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane u-lichen, obhekwa ngephutha njenge-moss (empeleni, ubulembu).
Ama-carbohydrate alesi sitshalo amuncwa yi-reindeer ngama-90%, kepha ezinye izilwane zingahle zingamunci ngokugcwele. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi awekho amavithamini anele kuma-reindeer reindeer agcwalisa ukudla kwawo ngamajikijolo, amakhowe notshani obuhlukahlukene.
Ngenxa yokuthi awekho amavithamini anele ku-reindeer reindeer, kufanele igcwalise ukudla kwayo ngamajikijolo namakhambi ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenzeka ehlobo. Kusehlobo lapho i-reindeer lichen yakha kuphela ingxenyana encane yakho konke okudla ngakho isilwane.
Ngalesi sikhathi, isilwane siphelela ngokukhululekile imenyu yaso. Ama-reindeer adla utshani obuningi, akhethe amajikijolo, amakhowe, noma ama-lemmings awadeleli. Banethemba elihle ngokusanhlamvu. Ngendlela, izinyamazane ezifuywayo zondliwa nazo. Izilwane ezifuywayo zinikezwa utshani, kufakwa i-silage.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo yezinyamazane
Kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba, ama-reindeer aqala ukujija, okungukuthi, inkathi yokukhwelana. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, abesilisa bathola ukuthi yikuphi kubo okunamandla futhi okunempilo engcono, ngoba ukulwa kungokwabesifazane (okubalulekile), okungukuthi, isikhathi sohlobo. Owesilisa oyisilima nonamandla angakwazi ukumboza abesifazane abangaphezu kwabayishumi esikhathini esisodwa kuphela.
Esithombeni, i-reindeer
Abesifazane bathwala umbungu izinyanga eziyi-8, kanti inzalo izalwa ngoMeyi-Juni kuphela. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa ingane eyodwa. Amawele nawo ayenzeka, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu.
Ingane esanda kuzalwa isencane futhi ibuthakathaka, inesisindo esingu-6 kg kuphela, kepha sekuvele izinsuku ezintathu emva kokuzalwa, izimpondo zayo ziqala ukugqobhoza. Imvumba kufanele ikhule ngokushesha, ikhuluphale ngokushesha, ngoba ukuzalwa kuqondana nesikhathi sokufuduka.
Ngokushesha inkonyane lizithola lisesimweni sokungagcini ukushisa ngokuphelele - kufanele linqobe ibanga elibi. Kepha ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ngisho nezinyamazane ezindala ziba sengozini enkulu yezimpisi, izimpisi, ama-lynx nezinye izidalwa.
Kodwa-ke, abesilisa bawuqapha ngokuqinile umhlambi, uma izinyamazane zingenalo ithuba lokubaleka, bayayamukela le mpi futhi bangalimaza kakhulu isitha ngezimpondo nezinselo zabo. Ngakho-ke, insikazi nethole kuyavikelwa.
Inkonyane lihlala lisondele kunina, unaye yonke iminyaka emibili, kuze kufike ukuthomba. Isikhathi sokuphila i-reindeer ayisiyikhulu kakhulu, ineminyaka engama-25 kuphela ubudala, ngakho-ke kubuhlungu kakhulu ukuthi le mpilo ifinyezwa abazingeli abangenangqondo.
