Izici ze-hamsters zasendle nezasekhaya
Abaningi bajwayele ama-hamsters njengezakhamuzi zasekhaya, izilwane ezinhle, ezihlekisayo nezinobungane.
Kodwa ngokwemvelo, laba bantu bayizilwane eziyingozi ezihluke kakhulu ngaphandle kubafowabo abafuyile. Zisongela abantu kanye nezitshalo ezitshalwe engadini.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Kuthathwe eSyria ngo-1930 isilwane esifana ne-hamster... Intshisekelo yalesi silwane yayisuselwa ekufuneni "igundane laseSyria", lapho izingane zazidlala khona e-Asiriya lasendulo. Inzalo yakhe yaba okhokho bomndeni wamanje omkhulu wama-hamsters.
Ukusabalala kwamagundane e-Asia Ephakathi, izifunda ezisezintabeni zeMpumalanga Yurophu, bese kuhlakazeka kakhulu eChina nase-United States kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezilwane njengezinto zaselabhorethri kanye nokufuywa kwezidalwa ezingathobekileki. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zamagundane azisabalalisayo ohlobo oluyinhloko lwe-steppe hamster (ezivamile).
Esithombeni i-hamster ye-steppe
Yisilwane esincane esifinyelela ku-35 cm ubude, sinomzimba ominyene, ikhanda elikhulu entanyeni emfushane. Umsila ufinyelela ku-5 cm.Isisindo esimaphakathi ngama-600-700 amagremu. Izindlebe ezincanyana, izimpondo ezisesifubeni kanye namehlo amnyama azwakalayo ngesimo sobuhlalu obukhulu zenza ukubukeka okuhle kwebhande elinoboya emilenzeni emifushane ngeminwe ehlome ngozipho abafushane bokumba izimbobo nezimbobo.
Isilwane sivikelwe ngamazinyo abukhali futhi aqinile, avuselelwa kukho konke ukuphila kwaso. Ijazi le-hamster liqukethe isisekelo sezinwele nebhantshi eliminyene elinikeza ukuvikeleka ngisho nasezinsukwini ezibandayo ze-sub-zero. Umbala wejazi uvame ukuba ophuzi noma onsundu, kaningi kuba khona abantu abane-tricolor, abamnyama nabamhlophe.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-40 ezifuyiwe ezinombala obomvu, owolintshi nampunga, amabala ezinhlobonhlobo nezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Indawo yokwabiwa ama-hamsters ezilwane ububanzi ngenxa yokungathobeki kwabo. Ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa cishe yonke indawo: izindawo zezintaba, ama-steppes, amabhande asehlathini, amadlelo - emigodini ifihle ezitheni nasesimo sezulu esibi.
Isimo esikhulu sendawo yokuhlala ukutholakala kokudla. Izilwane zizithanda kakhulu izindawo ezingasemasimini okusanhlamvu, imvamisa imisele yazo itholakala ngqo emhlabathini olimekayo. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane ehlukahlukene kanye nokubulala ukhula kulinywa komhlaba kwenza izilwane zishiye amakhaya azo ziye kwezinye izindawo. Izindawo zokuhlala zabantu zibiza inala yokudla, ngakho-ke izakhamuzi zasezintabeni zivame ukuvakashela izhede nezakhiwo zamagceke.
Isici se-hamsters ukusimama kwabo okumangazayo. Ama-Burrows afinyelela osayizi obukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wezilwane: kufika ku-7 m ububanzi futhi kufike ku-1.5 m ukujula. Okuphakelayo okugciniwe kunesisindo esiphindwe kaningi kune-hamster ejwayelekile.
Izikhwama ezikhethekile zezihlathi zohlobo lwesikhumba esigoqekayo zivumela ukuthwala kufika ku-50 g wokuphakelayo ngokwandisa ivolumu kaningana. Abalimi bathola ukulahlekelwa yizigebengu zeHamster. Izinhlelo zonke zenzelwe ukumelana nokuhlaselwa ngamagundane. Nabo uqobo bayinto yokuzingelwa emvelweni yezinyoni ezidliwayo nezikhova, ama-ermine nama-ferrets.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ngokwemvelo yabo, ama-hamsters angama-loners, aphikisana ngolaka nawo wonke umuntu ongena endaweni yawo. Bavikela impahla yabo ngosayizi ofinyelela kumahektha ayi-10-12. Ubukhulu besitha abunandaba, kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuhlaselwa ngamagundane ezinjeni ezinkulu.
Uma amagundane ahlobene abaleka ukuhlangana nomuntu, ama-hamster asemaqeleni angahlasela. Ukulunywa ngamagundane kubuhlungu, kungadala ukutheleleka ngezifo eziningi, futhi kushiye ukuqhekeka.
Ubudlova buboniswa ngisho nakubantu bayo uqobo. Ababuthakathaka abakwazi ukubaleka bephila bevela ezihlotsheni ezinamandla futhi ezinamazinyo uma bezithatha njengezitha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana noma bamane babone isivakashi esingafuneki ezindaweni zabo zokugcina. Umsebenzi wezilwane uzibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokuhwalala. Ama-Hamsters yizilwane zasebusuku... Emini zicasha emigodini, zithole amandla okuzingela ngokungesabi.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezijulile zitholakala ngaphansi kwamamitha ama-2-2. Uma inhlabathi ivumela, i-hamster izongena enhlabathini ngangokunokwenzeka. Iseli eliphilayo linokuphuma okuthathu: "iminyango" emibili yokwenza kube lula ukunyakaza, kanti eyesithathu iholela enqolobaneni enezinto zasebusika impilo yesilwane.
IHamster isebenzisa okuphakelayo okunqwabelene kuphela ngezikhathi ezibandayo, ezinamakhaza kanye nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kwezinye izinkathi, ukudla kuqukethe okuphakelayo okuvela endaweni yangaphandle. Ngaphezulu kwemigodi, kuhlale kunezimbumba zomhlaba ezibiwe, ezifafazwe ngamakhoba ezinhlamvu. Uma ubulembu buqongelele emnyango, indawo yokuhlala iyashiywa, ama-hamster agcina izindlu zihlanzekile.
Akuwona wonke ama-hamsters alala ubusuku bonke, ezinye izinhlobo zize ziphenduke zibe mhlophe ukuze ama-forays asembozweni seqhwa angabonakali. Labo abalinda isimo sezulu esibi ebuthongweni obuncane ngezikhathi ezithile bahlala bephapheme ukuze baziqabule ngezinqolobane eziqoqiwe. Lapho umhlaba uqala ukufudumala, ngoFebhuwari, Mashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, sekuyisikhathi sokuvuka kokugcina.
Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi ekugcineni ihambe, i-hamster isazoqhubeka nokudla, ithole amandla, bese ivula iminyango nezindawo zokuphuma zomgodi. Okokuqala, abesilisa baphuma emigodini, kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana kuphume abesifazane.
Ubudlelwano obunokuthula phakathi kwabo busungulwa kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ngaphandle kwalokho bakhona ngokulingana okulinganayo. Ikhono lama-hamsters lokubhukuda kahle liyamangalisa. Bafaka izikhwama zabo ezihlathini njengejakhethi yokuphila ebenza bangangeni emanzini.
Ukudla kweHamster
Ukudla kwamagundane kuhlukile futhi kuncike kakhulu esifundeni esihlala kuyo. Izitshalo zokusanhlamvu zizobusa eduze kwamasimu, ifolishi yemifino nezithelo eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu. Kunezimo ezejwayelekile zama-hamsters ahlasela izinkukhu ezincane, uma kungekho ozozivikela.
Endleleni eya ezingadini zemifino noma engadini yezithelo, izilwane ngeke zidele izinambuzane ezincane nezilwane ezincane. Ukudla kubuswa ukudla kwemifino: okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, amazambane, ama-pea pods, ama-rhizomes wamakhambi ahlukahlukene nezihlahlana ezincane.
Eduze kwendawo okuhlala kuyo umuntu ama-hamsters adlayo konke, ungumuntu ozingela ngokungemthetho omkhulu. Izakhamuzi zihlala zizama ukuqeda omakhelwane abanjalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-hamsters adla ini, amasheya asebusika aqoqwa ezinhlamvwini nasezimbewini zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kweHamster nempilo
Ama-Hamsters akhiqiza ngokushesha futhi ngenkuthalo ngenxa yokuthi owesilisa unemindeni eminingana. Uma ehlulwa yisihlobo esiqinile embangweni wokumatanisa, khona-ke uyohlala enenye futhi intokazi ezoqhubeka nohlobo.
Inzalo izalwa kaningana ngonyaka, udoti ngamunye uqukethe ama-5-15 amawundlu. Evela izimpumputhe futhi enempandla, ama-hamsters asevele enamazinyo, kuthi ngosuku lwesithathu zimbozwe nge-fluff. Ngemuva kwesonto, baqala ukubona. Okokuqala, bahlala esidlekeni ngaphansi kweso elibukhali likanina.
Insikazi ingakwazi nokunakekela izingane zabanye abantu. Kepha izingane, uma zingamamukeli otholakele, zingamchoboza. Ngokwemvelo, izilwane azihlali isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2-3. Ekuthunjweni ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isikhathi sokuphila izilwane ezifuywayo ama-hamsters inyuka iye eminyakeni engu-4-5.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amawundlu amancane, anezinyanga eziyi-1-2 ubudala, angena ezweni lasekhaya labantu, awahlukile ngokulwa. Thenga i-hamster enganeni ongayenza ngokungesabi, udinga nje ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhamba kwakhe ngokushesha kungaba wukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyasiza ngisho nasezinganeni ukuhlukanisa hamster Norman kusuka ethandwa ikhathuni kanye nesidalwa esiphilayo esinezidingo nesimilo saso uqobo.
Ama-hamster okuthambile nokudlala, njengama-hamster ase-Dzungarian, kuzoletha injabulo nentokozo kunoma yimuphi umndeni. Kepha umhlali omncane wama-steppe udinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwezidingo zakhe. I-hamster ingaba yintandokazi yezingane kanye nabantu abadala.
