Izinhlangano zokuqala ezinegama elithi "ushaka" ziyefana kubantu abaningi. Lezi yizilo ezinkulu, ezinamazinyo ezinamaphiko angunxantathu, zilima amanzi anosawoti olwandle nolwandle. Bahlala bezulazula befuna inyamazane ukuze bayidwengule ngemilomo yabo enezinyo.
Kodwa ingabe bonke oshaka bayingozi ngokulinganayo kubantu? Kuvela ukuthi phakathi komndeni omkhulu woshaka kukhona labo abazolile futhi abanobungane nakubantu. Hlangana nommeleli womndeni we-baleen shark - ushaka ongumhlengikazi... Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zomndeni: ushaka ongumhlengikazi, umhlengikazi oshisayo futhi omsila omfishane.
Indawo yokuhlala kashaka
Ungahlangana nenani loshaka abahlengikazi ngasogwini lwaseMelika e-Atlantic Ocean, noma ngasogwini olusempumalanga yePacific Ocean. Oshaka abafanelekile bahlala emanzini oLwandle Olubomvu naseCaribbean, kanye nasogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika.
Oshaka abangabahlengikazi babhekwa njengezilwane ze-benthic, imvamisa azibhukudi ziqhubekele phambili zisuka ogwini ngamamitha angama-60-70 futhi azihambi ngokujula okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6. Bahlangana njengemihlambi, ngokwesilinganiso abantu ababalelwa ku-40. Oshaka babahlengikazi abafanelekile yizilwane ezidla ubusuku.
Emini, zigcwala emanzini asogwini, zifaka amaphiko azo phansi. Akujwayelekile ukuthi ubone umbukwane omangazayo - umndeni wonesi oshaka ubekiwe phezu komunye ngemigqa, futhi ugcwele amagagasi amnene, ahlanjululwa kancanyana yizimpiko zalezi zilwane ezidla ubhedu eziphuma phezulu.
Emini, zithanda nokugoqana ezixhotsheni zamakhorali, emifantwini yamawa asogwini noma zicashe kuma-labyrinths amatshe. Oshaka bakhetha ngokucophelela indawo eyimfihlo bese bebuyela kuyo nsuku zonke ngemuva kokuzingelwa ebusuku.
Izimpawu zikashaka wezingane
Usayizi wesilinganiso sabantu abadala usuka kumamitha ayi-2.5 kuya kwayi-3.5. Ushaka ongumhlengikazi omkhulu kunabo bonke wayenomzimba olinganisa amamitha angu-4.3. Ngaphandle, lo shaka ubukeka engenabungozi futhi ufana nenhlanzi enkulu ekati. Lokhu kufana ukunikezwa izimpondo ezisengxenyeni engezansi yesifonyo, ngenhla nje komlomo.
Benza umsebenzi othintekayo, besiza ukuthola ukudla olwandle. Izinkulungwane zamazinyo abukhali, angunxantathu agudle umlomo woshaka ngemigqa. Ukushintsha noma yiliphi izinyo elilahlekile noma eliphukile, okufakwa esikhundleni kukhula ngokushesha. Amehlo kamhlengikazi oshaka ayindilinga ngokuphelele futhi atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Masinyane ngemuva kwabo kukhona i-squid, isitho sesici sezinhlobo zoshaka abaphansi ezisiza ukuphefumula. Ngendlela, isici esivelele soshaka ongumhlengikazi yikhono lokuphefumula unganyakazi, ngaphandle kokuvula ngisho imilomo.
Umzimba kano shaka ongumhlengikazi unesimo sokuhleleka okuyi-cylindrical nekhanda elihlanganisiwe. Isiphetho sangemuva sincane kunesangaphambili; i-lobe engezansi yomkhawulo we-caudal i-atrophied ngokuphelele. Vuliwe isithombe sikashaka kamzanyana amaphiko we-pectoral athuthukile abonakala ngokusobala. Lokhu kuvumela umhlaseli ukuba abambelele ngokuqinile emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokuphumula sasemini.
Kungani unesi shark ebizwa?
Igama ngokwalo aliyona inkohliso. oshaka ongumhlengikazi. Kungani ibizwa kanjalo lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezidlayo? Isizathu silele endleleni yokudla. Oshaka abangabahlengikazi abakhiphi izingcezu zenyama yezilwane zabo, kepha banamathela kuyo ngomlomo wabo onamazinyo, okwamanje okhula ngokushesha ngosayizi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhlaseli ukhipha umsindo ongaqondakali, ofana ncamashi nomsindo wokuqabula, noma umsindo ongazwakali womzanyana oheha ingane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama labo "elinakekelayo" elithi nurse shark lizuzile hhayi elejwayelekile, kuningi loshaka, isimilo maqondana nenzalo yabo. Ngokuyisisekelo, izidlakela ezilambile azikhathali ukuzuza ngisho nasezinganeni zazo, kepha akunjalo oshaka ongumhlengikazi... Kungani bengakwamukeli ukudla okunjalo, ayikho incazelo yesayensi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, oshaka be-baleen bavikela ngokucophelela inzalo yabo, ibasize bangene ebudaleni. Kukhona enye inguquko yemvelaphi yegama elihle kangaka loshaka. Ogwini lwaseCaribbean, lezi zilwane zabizwa ngokuthi oshaka-amakati, ngolimi lwendawo abizwa ngokuthi "nuss", okwathi kamuva kwaguqulwa kwaba "umhlengikazi" waseNgilandi - umhlengikazi noma umzanyana.
Indlela yokuphila yomhlengikazi kashaka nokondleka
Oshaka abangabahlengikazi bahlukaniswa ngokuhlala phansi, ukuhlala phansi. Izilwane ezi-phlegmatic, ezingagijimile zingaba yiqhwa endaweni eyodwa amahora. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi oshaka be-baleen, njengamanye amalungu amaningi omndeni woshaka, abalali ngokuphelele.
Kuphela kuphela i-hemisphere ehlala njalo, bese enye enye. Ikhono elinjalo elimangalisayo likuvumela ukuthi uhlale unolwazi njalo. Oshaka abangabahlengikazi yizilwane ezidla ebusuku. Futhi uma uphumula emini, futhi ugcwala emanzini asogwini, lezi zilwane zithanda imihlambi, khona-ke zikhetha ukuzingela zodwa.
Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu ngoshaka be-baleen ngama-crustaceans, octopus, squids, molluscs, urchins sea, flounder, cuttlefish kanye nezinye izakhamuzi ezingezansi zamanzi anosawoti. Ukuze aqhekeze amagobolondo avikelayo ezinhlobo ezithile zezinyamazane, ushaka ongumhlengikazi unamazinyo ayisicaba, anezimbambo.
Ngosizo lwabo, uzichoboza kalula izingxenye ezivikelekile zomzimba wesisulu. Ubukhulu bomlomo abuvumeli ushaka ongumhlengikazi ukuthi agwinye inyamazane enkulu, kepha umphimbo wayo ukhule kahle. Lokhu kuxazulula inkinga - ushaka ongumhlengikazi umane amunce inyamazane yakhe, kusale owokugcina ithuba lokubaleka.
Umhlengikazi ushaka isikhathi sokuphila nokuzala
Uma izinto zangaphandle zithandeka kahle futhi ushaka ongumhlengikazi engawelanga emanethini okudoba, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwabantu sisukela eminyakeni engama-25 kuya kwengama-30. Izinhlobo zezindawo ezibandayo zibhekwa njengekhulu leminyaka phakathi koshaka. Oshaka bendawo ebandayo bangaphila iminyaka eyi-100. Lokhu kuxhunyiwe, kunjalo, namazinga okushisa asezingeni elifanele, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kwehlisa izinqubo zokuphila.
Lapho ushaka ushisa kakhulu, imfushane inkathi abelwe yona. Isikhathi sokuzala soshaka ongumhlengikazi ofaneleke phakathi nendawo ehlobo, kusukela maphakathi noJuni kuya maphakathi noJulayi. Ibambe insikazi ngamaphiko ngamazinyo ayo, eyeduna izama ukuguqula isithandwa sayo ngomhlane noma ngasohlangothini lwayo, okuvame ukuphela emaphethweni alimele omzingeli. Abesilisa abaningana bangabamba iqhaza ekukhulelweni kowesifazane oyedwa. Oshaka abangabahlengikazi bangoshaka be-ovoviviparous.
Iqanda liqala ukukhula ngaphakathi kowesifazane, bese kuthi oshaka achamuke, kodwa aqhubeke nokuphila emzimbeni koshaka. Sekukonke, uchitha izinyanga eziyisithupha emzimbeni kanina, bese ezalwa emanzini asogwini afudumele. Ukukhulelwa okulandelayo kungenzeka kuphela emva konyaka owodwa nohhafu. Lesi yisikhathi esingakanani umzimba kashaka ululama futhi ulungiselela ukukhulelwa okusha.
