Le nyoni yomndeni we-snipe ingeyama-waders, futhi inamagama amaningi kakhulu. Igama layo laqhamuka egameni lasempumalanga elithi "kurakhtan", ngakho-ke babiza izinyoni ezifana nezinkukhu.
ERussia, yayijwayele ukuqanjwa ngokuthi: intethe, i-bryzhach, i-cockerel nabanye abaningi. Abantu basenyakatho nabo abasilele emuva, futhi nabo bavela namagama amaningi e-turukhtan, kuya ngokubukeka kwabo. Ngakho-ke bane- "turukhtan-bear", "turukhtan-deer", "turukhtan-wolf" nokunye okunjalo.
Ukubukeka kukaTurukhtan
Ubukhulu be-turukhtan buncane - bukhudlwana kunejuba. Abesilisa nabesifazane basezigabeni ezehlukene zesisindo - ubulili obuthakathaka buncane kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa turukhtana cishe u-30 cm, futhi isisindo 120-300 amagremu. Insikazi cishe ingama-25 cm ngosayizi futhi inesisindo esingu-70-150 amagremu.
Ukuvela ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile kujwayelekile impela kuwo wonke ama-waders ahlukahlukene futhi anemilenze emide, futhi kuphela ngenkathi yokuvuna lapho abesilisa bedlala ingubo ecebile yezimpaphe ezinemibala eminingi.
Ukuqhuma okuncane kuvela endaweni engenalutho yesikhumba, kuhlanganiswe amakhola amahle nezindlebe ezivela ezimpapheni. Isikhathi esisele bangahlukaniswa kuphela ngosayizi babo abakhulu kunabesifazane.
Umbala wabo bobabili ubunsundu ngokumpunga, isisu sikhanya kancane ukwedlula ngemuva. Ngokuvamile, ukubukeka kwe-turukhtan yesilisa kushintsha izikhathi ezingama-2-3 phakathi nonyaka. Izinyoni zivame ukuncibilika. Vuliwe isithombe se-turukhtanov ungabona ukuthi imibala yazo ingahlukahluka kanjani, kunzima ukuthola izinyoni ezimbili ezifanayo.
Abesifazane bahlala njalo bengumbala ompunga ngokuluhlaza. Ungahlukanisa futhi ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene ngemibala yemilenze, kuya ngeminyaka yenyoni. Ngakho-ke kwabesifazane futhi ama-turukhtans amancane (abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka emithathu), imilenze iluhlaza okotshani, nsundu.
Emadodeni amadala, anombala osawolintshi ogqamile. Umlomo ku izinyoni ze-turukhtan kungabi yinde, kowesilisa owolintshi, okufana nombala wemilenze. Kwabesifazane, uqhwaku luyimpunga emnyama, kepha lungaba nethiphu ebomvana ebomvana. Ophikweni ngalunye nangaphezulu komsila ongaphezulu, wonke ama-turukhtans anomucu omhlophe wezimpaphe.
Isici esisodwa sama-turukhtans wesilisa singahlukaniswa. Izazi zezinyoni zibiza izinyoni ezinazo ngokuthi "amaFeders". Azinazo izimpawu ezikhethekile zokuhluka, lawa maduna awafinyeleli kusayizi ojwayelekile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye makhulu kunabesifazane.
Ayikho indlela yokuhlukanisa ngaphandle kokuthi ubambe futhi ulinganise ubude bephiko. Leli qiniso latholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-anatomical. Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa isidumbu sabantu abashonile, kwacaca ukuthi laba, abesifazane ababukeka bebakhulu kakhulu, empeleni ngabesilisa. Zingabalwa futhi ngokuziphatha kwazo emhlambini - abesilisa bangahlasela ama-feders, njengabesilisa abajwayelekile. Ngezinsikazi, izinyoni aziqali izimpi.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseTurukhtan
I-Turukhtan iyinyoni ejwayelekile yokufuduka. Uchitha ubusika ikakhulukazi e-Afrika efudumele. Ibuyela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, ngasempumalanga e-Anadyr naseKolyma. Indawo Indawo yokuhlala ye-turukhtan eYurophu nase-Asia, iwela esicongweni esivela eGreat Britain nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeFrance iye eChukotka naseLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Bangandizela enyakatho kuze kufike e-Arctic, baye eTaimyr naseYamal. Ukusuka empumalanga, le ndawo inqunyelwe ngogu loLwandle i-Arctic.
Ubuningi obuphakeme kakhulu bezindawo zokwakha izidleke kuseRussia (ngaphezulu kwamabhangqa ayisigidi). ISweden (ngazimbili ezingama-61,000), iFinland (ngazimbili ezingama-39,000), iNorway (ngazimbili ezingama-14,000) ngokulandelayo ngokwezibalo. Kunzima ukumisa umngcele ongezansi wendawo yokwakha isidleke, ngoba ama-turukhtans ajwayele ukundiza asuke eningizimu ye-tundra. Izimfunda ezimanzi nezixhaphozi ezinotshani zikhethwa ukwakha izidleke.
Indlela yokuphila kaTurukhtan
Uhlamvu lukaTurukhtan iqhude kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi, lapho lihunyushwa lisuselwa kwisiLatini, igama lakhe lisho ukuthi "umthandi wokulwa nabashushisi." Lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi, ngoba lawa madoda abukekayo, okokuqala, azikhombisi kwabesifazane, kepha abahlukumeza abesilisa.
Entwasahlobo bathutheleka ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, futhi, bedwetshiwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene, bacwebezela amakhola nezindlebe zabo, baqale ukugijima bezungeza indawo yabo, bahehe ukunakwa ngamanye amadoda.
Izitha ezijabule kakhulu zilwa zodwa. Noma izinyoni zethukile ngalesi sikhathi, zizondiza ziqhubeke nezimpi zazo. Kwesinye isikhathi umhlambi uba mkhulu kakhulu, kunamaduna amaningi, ngakho-ke akunandaba ukuthi uzolwa nobani, yona kanye inqubo yempi ibalulekile. Esimweni esinjalo, ngisho nabesifazane banikezwa umoya ofanayo wokulwa, futhi bazama nokubamba iqhaza ezimpini.
Kodwa lezi zimpi ezibukeka zinolaka ziyisiboniso nje. Sebedlale ngokwanele, bazohlala buthule babambene, bephephe ngokuphelele futhi bezwakala. Abesilisa abanamaqhuqhuva kakhulu bangabonakala ngombala wekhola - lapho likhanya ngokwengeziwe, owesilisa unolaka ngokwengeziwe.
Lawa abizwa ngokuthi yi-dominants. Abantu abanamakhola amhlophe babizwa ngama-satellites (ama-satellites), imvamisa bazolile kakhulu. AmaTurukhtan ayasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Ezimweni zosuku olusenyakatho ye-polar, izinyoni zijikeleza cishe ubusuku nemini.
Ukudla kukaTurukhtan
Okucacile okuyinhloko maqondana nokudla okunempilo ukuthi ama-turukhtans ahlukanisa ukudla kuye ngezinkathi zonyaka. Ngakho-ke ehlobo bakhetha ukudla kwezilwane, kanti ebusika batshala ukudla kuphela. Zondla cishe njalo emanzini angajulile. Kepha futhi bangakucosha ukudla phansi, noma bakudobhe kudaka olumanzi.
Ehlobo, kuzingelwa izimpukane, izimbungulu zamanzi, omiyane, izibungu ze-caddis, amabhungane, ama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ebusika, zidla imbewu yotshani nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngesikhathi sasebusika e-Afrika, bangalimaza nokutshalwa kwelayisi ngokulima ngokukhipha okusanhlamvu kwalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo kukaTurukhtan
AmaTurukhtans awahlukile ngokwethembeka komunye nomunye - bobabili abesilisa banesithembu. Njengoba nje abesilisa bekwazi ukukhwelana nabesifazane abaningana, kanjalo nabesifazane abalindeli eyodwa. Ngemuva kokuthomba, okwenzeka eminyakeni emibili ubudala, owesifazane wakha isidleke ngoMashi-Juni (kuya ngobubanzi bendawo).
Ngemuva kokuhlangana nendoda eyodwa noma eziningana, insikazi ifukamela i-clutch eyodwa, evame ukuba namaqanda ama-4. Uhlomisa isidleke ngokwentando yakhe ezintweni zokwakha izitshalo, asigaxe kakhulu ngamahlamvu athambile ngonyaka odlule notshani.
Uma kunengozi, insikazi ngeke iphume ngokushesha esidlekeni ukuze ingadayisi indawo yayo, kodwa izoyibalekela kuqala. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-23, izingane ziyachanyuselwa, zimbozwe ngonsundu onsundu phansi.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala bazimele impela futhi bangakwazi nokuzitholela ukudla, okukhasa eceleni kwabo otshanini. Abesifazane bayaqhubeka nokufudumeza izingane zabo izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphezulu, bebuka isimo esizungeze isidleke ukuze basuse isitha emantshontsho uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.
Cishe emva kwenyanga, amaphuphu ame ohlangothini. Kepha ebusika bandiza ekugcineni, hhayi ngaphambi kuka-Agasti. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe siyiminyaka eyi-4.5. UTurukhtan ngabe uphile isikhathi eside ukube bekungekho ukuzingela zombili izitha ezingabantu nezemvelo. Eminyakeni edlule, i-turukhtan yambiwa ngezinga lezimboni, futhi manje isizingelwa ezemidlalo.
