Izikali zegolide (i-Pholiota aurivella) ngamakhowe abonakalayo abonakala kude ngenxa yombala ophuzi we-caps. Zikhula ngamaqembu ezihlahleni ezibukhoma neziwile. Ukuhlonza okunembile kohlobo lwezinhlobo kunzima futhi nokudla kuyaphikiswa, ngakho-ke yidla ama-flakes egolide ngokuqapha. Ama-Daredevils apheka futhi adle lolu hlobo lwamakhowe, athi ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, njengekhowe le-porcini. Abanye abantu abanezisu ezibuthakathaka bakhalaza ngamajaqamba nobuhlungu, ukuqunjelwa ngemuva kokudla izikali zegolide, ngisho nangokupheka ngokucophelela.
I-Etymology yegama lekhowe
Igama elijwayelekile ngesiLatin Pholiota lisho "isikhumba", futhi incazelo ye-aurivella ihumusha ngokuthi "uboya begolide".
Lapho izilimo zivunwa
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokubonakala kwemizimba yezithelo kungu-Ephreli futhi ngoDisemba kuphela isikhathi sokukhula siphela, kuya ngesifunda esikhulayo. ERussia naseYurophu, amakhowe avunwa kusuka ngoJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba. Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso samakhowe kungu-5-20 cm, ububanzi obuphakathi kwekepusi bungu-3-15 cm.
Incazelo yezikali zegolide
Ikepisi lihlala licwebezela, linamathele noma lincane, linombala ophuzi osagolide, owolintshi noma ukugqwala, embozwe izikali ezingunxantathu ezimnyama kakhulu. Ububanzi busuka kumasentimitha ama-5 kuye kwayi-15. Ukuma kwekepisi kuyinsimbi engqukuva. Ingaphezulu lalo limbozwe izikali ezibomvu zewayini, kwesinye isikhathi ezigezwa yimvula lapho kunesimo sezulu esimanzi, okuyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yokuhlonza.
Ama-gill ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane anombala ophuzi ophaphathekile, bese eba nsundu ngokukhanyayo njengoba izinhlamvu zikhula, futhi zibe nsundu ngokugqwala okweqile. Ama-gill maningi futhi anamathiselwe ku-peduncle, imvamisa kuyisono lapho kunamathiselwa khona ku-peduncle.
Iveyili iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi, ukuthungwa kwekotoni, ngokushesha iyanyamalala, ishiye indawo ebuthakathaka yonyaka esiqwini.
Umbala womlenze usuka ophuzi uye kophuzi osawolintshi. 6 kuya ku-12 mm ububanzi no-3 kuya ku-9 cm ukuphakama. Imbozwe ngezikali ezincanyana ukusuka esisekelweni kuya endaweni ebuthaka yonyaka. Smooth phezu kwendandatho kakotini ephaphathekile (isiqeshana esizinzile seveli elincane). Ukuthungwa komlenze kuminyene, uginindela onemicu, uphuzi.
Isiketi se-membrane asikho; kuma-specimens amancane, indawo ebuthakathaka yonyaka iyabonakala esiqwini. Inyama iqinile, iphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Amabala akhanyayo aphuzi noma agqokile avela ezansi kwesiqu. Izinhlamvu zinombala onsundu, ellipsoidal.
Ukunambitheka nephunga kuthambile, amakhowe futhi amnandi impela, amakhowe awakhiphi umunyu emlonyeni.
Ukutholaphi ama-flakes egolide
Lolu hlobo lwesikhunta se-saprobic lukhetha izinkuni ezibolayo zezitshalo ezifile nezisaphila ukuze zikhule ngamaqoqo, zivame ukutholakala kubhontshisi. Lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu uku:
- E-New Zealand;
- I-Great Britain;
- enyakatho nasenkabeni yeYurophu;
- Asia;
- IRussia;
- ezinye izifunda zaseNyakatho Melika.
Ukudideka okungenzeka ngamakhowe aphindwe kabili nalawo afanayo
Abaqalayo kokuzilibazisa kwamakhowe kwesinye isikhathi benza iphutha i-honeydew efanayo yasekwindla (i-Armillaria mellea) yezikali zegolide ezikude, kepha banezigqoko ezihlukile, imilenze nezikali abanaso isiketi.
Isikali esivamile (I-Pholiota squarrosa) ihlukaniswa naleyo yegolide ngesigqoko esomile (hhayi esisheshayo), esimbozwe ngesigaxa futhi esikhulisiwe, kunamazenga ayisicaba. Lezi zinhlobo zinobuthi, ikakhulukazi uma kuphuzwa utshwala kanye nefungus.
Isikali esivamile
Isikali se-Sebaceous (I-Pholiota adiposa) inesigqoko esincane kakhulu esingenayo indawo yonyaka.
Isikali se-Sebaceous
Ama-flakes amuncu (I-Pholiota cerifera) incane kunegolide, inesiketi esimhlophe esinolwelwanyane oluncane, isikali esimnyama phansi kwesiqu, ikhetha iminyezane ukwakha ikoloni.
Ama-lemon flakes (Pholiota limonella), inesigqoko esisheshayo kakhulu, izikali zihlelwe ngokuxinana, ebusheni ama-gill angama-grey-olive, akhula emibhida nasezintanjeni.
