I-European roe deer (lat.Carreolus sarreolus) isilwane esinezinselo ezinemikhaya yomndeni wezinyamazane nohlobo lweRoe deer. Le nyamazane emaphakathi futhi enomusa kakhulu yaziwa kahle ngaphansi kwamagama - imbuzi yasendle, inyamazane yenyamazane noma inyamazane yenyamazane.
Incazelo yezinyamazane zeRoe
Isilwane sinomzimba omfishane uma kuqhathaniswa, kanti ingemuva le-artiodactyl liphakeme kancane futhi lijiyile kunangaphambili... Isisindo somzimba wenyamazane endala yesilisa engama-22-32 kg, nobude bomzimba ebangeni elingama-108-126 cm nobude obumaphakathi obubunile - abudluli kumasentimitha angama-66-81. Izinyamazane zezinsikazi zaseYurophu zincane kancane kuneduna, kodwa izimpawu zedimorphism yezocansi azivezwa kahle. Abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke batholakala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yebanga.
Ukubukeka
Izinyamazane ze-roe zinekhanda elifushane nelimise okwekhanda elibheke ngasekhaleni, eliphakeme futhi libanzi endaweni yamehlo. Ukhakhayi lwenabele eduze kwamehlo, ngobuso obubanzi futhi obufushane. Izindlebe ezinde nezindilinga zinephuzu elichazwe kahle. Amehlo makhulu, ahlobane, anabafundi ababekiwe. Intamo yesilwane yinde futhi iqotho ngokuqhathaniswa. Imilenze mincane futhi mide, inezinselo ezincanyana nezimfishane. Umsila uyisisekelo, ufihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezinwele "zesibuko". Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, abesilisa bakhulisa kakhulu izindlala zokujuluka nezokuqina, futhi ngemfihlo, abesilisa bamaka le ndawo. Izitho zomqondo ezithuthuke kakhulu kuzinyamazane ze-roe ziyezwa futhi zihogela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpondo zabesilisa zincane ngokwedlulele, ngesethi emi mpo noma ngaphezulu mpo kanye nokugoba okufana ne-lyre, kuvalwa ezansi.
Ayikho inqubo ye-supraorbital, futhi isiqu esikhulu se-horny sibonakala ngokugoba emuva. Izimpondo ziyindilinga esigabeni esiphambanweni, ngenqwaba yamapayipi "eparele" ne-rosette enkulu. Kwabanye abantu, kuphawuleka ukungahleleki ekukhuleni kwezimpondo. Ezinyamazane ze-roe, izimpondo zikhula kusukela ezinyangeni ezine. Izimpondo zifinyelela ukukhula ngokugcwele lapho zineminyaka emithathu, futhi ukuchitheka kwazo kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba-Disemba. Abesifazane be-roe baseYurophu bavame ukungabi nezimpondo, kepha kunabantu abanezimpondo ezimbi.
Umbala wabantu abadala yi-monochromatic futhi ayinayo ngokuphelele i-dimorphism yezocansi. Ebusika, isilwane sinomzimba ompunga noma onsundu, osiphendukela kumbala onsundu onsundu esifundeni sangemuva sangemuva nasezingeni le-sacrum.
"Isibuko" se-caudal noma i-disc ye-caudal ibonakala ngombala omhlophe noma okhanyayo obomvu. Ngokuqala kwehlobo, umzimba nentamo zithola umbala obomvu ofanayo, kanti isisu sinombala obomhlophe ngokubomvu. Ngokuvamile, umbala wasehlobo ufana kakhulu "nengubo" yasebusika. Inani lamanje lezinyamazane ezinama-melanistic roe lihlala ezifundeni eziphansi futhi ezinamaxhaphozi eJalimane, futhi lihlukaniswa ngombala ocwebezelayo omnyama wehlobo kanye noboya obumnyama obumnyama obune-lead-grey color of the belly.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Roe
Izinyamazane zeRoe zibonakala ngemvamisa yansuku zonke yokuziphatha, lapho izinkathi zokuhamba neziklaba zishintshana ngokuhlafuna ukudla nokuphumula.... Izikhathi zomsebenzi wasekuseni nakusihlwa zinde kakhulu, kepha isigqi sokushintshwa sinqunywa yizici ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo, kufaka phakathi inkathi yonyaka, isikhathi sosuku, indawo yokuhlala yemvelo, nezinga lokukhathazeka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isivinini sokugijima sesilwane esidala singama-60 km / h, kanti ngenkathi sondla, izinyamazane ze-roe zihamba ngezinyathelo ezincane, ziyama futhi zivame ukulalela.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, izilwane zisebenza kakhulu lapho kushona ilanga, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezimunca igazi. Ebusika, ukuphakelwa kuba yinde, okwenza kube lula ukukhokhela izindleko zamandla. Amadlelo athatha cishe amahora ayi-12-16, futhi cishe amahora ayishumi abelwe ukuhlafuna ukudla nokuphumula. Ukuzola ukuhamba kwezinyamazane nge-trot noma ngejubane, futhi uma kunengozi, isilwane sihamba ngokuxhuma ngezikhathi ezithile. Abesilisa bagijimela yonke insimu yabo nsuku zonke.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Izinyamazane ze-roe zaseYurophu zinamandla amakhulu kuze kube yiminyaka eyisithupha, okuqinisekiswa ngokuhlaziywa kobudala beminyaka yabantu abafundile. Kungenzeka, ngemuva kokufinyelela esimweni esinjalo somzimba, isilwane siba buthakathaka futhi sithathe izakhi zokudla okunempilo kokuphakelayo kubi kakhulu, futhi futhi azibekezeleli izinto zangaphandle ezingathandeki. Isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila kwezinyamazane zaseYurophu ezimweni zemvelo sarekhodwa e-Austria, lapho, ngenxa yokutholwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezilwane ezinamathegi, kwatholakala umuntu, oneminyaka yobudala bakhe yayineminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ekuthunjweni, i-artiodactyl ingaphila ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
I-Roe deer subspecies
Izinyamazane ze-roe zaseYurophu zihlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka kwezindawo ngobukhulu nangombala, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa inani elikhulu lemijaho yezindawo, kanye namafomu e-subspecies ahlukahlukene ebangeni. Kuze kube manje, i-subspecies i-Capreolus capreolus capreolus L ihlukaniswe ngokucacile:
- ICapreolus capreolus italicus Festa iyi-subspecies ehlala eningizimu nasenkabeni ye-Italy. Izinhlobo ezivikelwe ezingavamile zihlala ezindaweni eziphakathi kwengxenye eseningizimu yeTuscany, i-Apulia neLazio, kuze kufike emazweni aseCalabria.
- I-Capreolus capreolus garganta Meunier iyi-subspecies ebonakala ngombala wesikhumba ompunga ehlobo. Itholakala eningizimu yeSpain, kufaka phakathi i-Andalusia noma iSierra de Cadiz.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinyamazane ezinkulu ezisuka endaweni yaseNyakatho Caucasus nazo zibhekiswa kuma-subspecies Сarreolus sarreolus caucasicus, kanti inani labantu baseMpumalanga Ephakathi ngokomfanekiso libizwa ngokuthi yiCarreolus sarreolus soki.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinyamazane zase-roe zaseYurophu zihlala ezindaweni ezixubekile nezinqumayo zamahlathi ezinhlobonhlobo, kanye nezindawo ezinamahlathi. Emahlathini angenasisekelo, i-artiodactyl itholakala kuphela lapho kukhona khona izihlahla ezinqabayo. Ezingxenyeni zama-steppes wangempela, kanye nezingwadule kanye nama-semi-desert, abamele uhlobo lwe-Roe abekho. Njengezindawo zokondla kakhulu, lesi silwane sithanda izindawo zehlathi elincane elincane, elinothe ngezihlahlana futhi sizungezwe amasimu noma izimfunda. Ehlobo, lesi silwane sitholakala emadlelweni otshani obude obugcwele izihlahla, endaweni yemibhede yomhlanga namahlathi agcwele izikhukhula, kanye nasemigodini ekhule kakhulu nokuhlanzwa. I-artiodactyl incamela ukugwema indawo eqhubekayo yehlathi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuvamile, izinyamazane zase-roe zaseYurophu zingezesigaba sezilwane zohlobo lwehlathi-asemaqeleni, ezijwayele kakhulu ukuhlala otshanini obude nakuma-shrub biotopes kunezimo zezindawo eziminyene noma izindawo ezivulekile zezintaba.
Ubuningi besibalo sabantu bezinyamazane zase-European roe deer kuma-biotopes ajwayelekile enyuka ohlangothini olusuka engxenyeni esenyakatho kuya eningizimu yebanga... Ngokungafani namanye ama-ungulates eYurophu, izinyamazane ze-roe zilungiswa kakhulu ukuze zihlale endaweni elinyiwe futhi zisondele kubantu. Kwezinye izindawo, isilwane esinjalo sihlala cishe unyaka wonke emazweni ahlukene ezolimo, sicashe ngaphansi kwezihlahla zehlathi kuphela ukuphumula noma isimo sezulu esingesihle. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala ikakhulukazi kuthonywa ukutholakala kwezinsiza zokudla kanye nokutholakala kwendawo yokukhosela, ikakhulukazi endaweni evulekile. Okunye futhi okungabalulekanga kangako ukuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa nokuba khona kwezilwane ezizingelayo endaweni ekhethiwe.
Ukudla kwezinyamazane zaseYurophu
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwezinyamazane zase-Europe kufaka cishe izinhlobo eziyinkulungwane zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kepha i-artiodactyl ithanda ukudla kwezitshalo okugaya kalula futhi okunothile emanzini. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yokudla imelwe izitshalo ezinama-dicotyledonous herbaceous nezinhlobo zezinkuni. Ingxenye engabalulekile yokudla iqukethe ubulembu nobulembu, kanye nama-lyes, amakhowe kanye namafern. Izinyamazane zeRoe zidla ngokuzithandela imifino namagatsha:
- vusa;
- nawe;
- ubhabhulini;
- i-rowan;
- linden;
- i-birch;
- umlotha;
- i-oki ne-beech;
- uphondo;
- i-honeysuckle;
- inyoni cherry;
- amabhakede.
Izinyamazane iRoe nazo zidla ngokudla okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, zondla izinkomo kanye ne-fireweed, i-burnet ne-catchment, i-hogweed ne-angelica, i-sorrel yasendle. Bathanda ama-artiodactyls nezitshalo zasemanzini ezikhula emaxhaphozini nasemachibini, kanye nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zamajikijolo, amantongomane, ama-chestnut kanye nama-acorn. Izinyamazane zeRoe zivame ukudla izitshalo eziningi zokwelapha njenge-antiparasitic agent.
Ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukungabi bikho kwamaminerali, izikhotha zikasawoti zivakashelwa ama-artiodactyls, futhi amanzi adakwa emithonjeni ecebile ngosawoti wamaminerali. Izilwane zithola amanzi ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo naseqhweni, kanti isilinganiso sosuku sidingidwa ilitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ukudla kwasebusika akuhlukanga kangako, futhi kuvame ukumelwa amahlumela namahlumela ezihlahla noma izihlahlana, utshani obomile, namaqabunga axegayo. I-Moss ne-lichen bamba ngaphandle kweqhwa ngaphansi kweqhwa, futhi izinaliti zezihlahla namagxolo nazo ziyadliwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ebusika, lapho kufunwa ukudla, izinyamazane ze-roe zimba iqhwa ngezinyawo zangaphambili ezijule isigamu semitha, futhi wonke amakhambi nezitshalo ezitholakalayo zidliwe ziphelele.
Ngenxa yevolumu encane yesisu kanye nenqubo yokugaya esheshayo, izinyamazane ze-roe zidinga ukudla okuvamile. Ukudla okuphezulu kuyadingeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, kanye nabesilisa ngesikhathi se-rut. Ngohlobo lokudla okunomsoco, izinyamazane zase-roe zaseYurophu zingezesigaba sezilwane ezilumayo, ezingalokothi zidle ngokuphelele zonke izimila ezitholakalayo, kepha ziqothula ingxenye yesitshalo, okwenza umonakalo odalwe izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zezolimo ungabaluleki.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinyamazane ze-Roe zizingelwa izilwane eziningi eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu, kepha ama-lynx nezimpisi ziyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinamaqatha. Izinyamazane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukubhujiswa izimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-badger nama-martens, izinkozi zegolide nezingulube zasendle. Isibikezelo sempisi siyaqina ebusika beqhwa, lapho ukuhamba kwezinyamazane kunzima.
Izidliwayo azikwazi ukuhlasela hhayi nje kuphela buthakathaka kakhulu, kepha futhi nezinyamazane ezinempilo. Eminyakeni ebhekene nokuwa okukhulu kweqhwa, inani elikhulu lezinyamazane, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane nezondliwe kahle, zibulawa yindlala noma ukukhathala kokuqala.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukusebenza okuvamile kuvame ukwenzeka ngoJulayi-Agasti, lapho izimpondo zesilisa zikhulisa futhi ukuqina kwesikhumba kwenzeka entanyeni naphambi komzimba... I-rut iqala ngamaphethelo ehlathi, amahlathi kanye nezihlahla, kepha akukho ukwephulwa kohlelo lwendawo okwaziwayo. Ngesikhathi sokubhinca, abesilisa bezinyamazane zase-European roe balahlekelwa isifiso sabo sokudla futhi baphishekele bonke abesifazane ngokushisa. Ngesikhathi esisodwa, abesifazane abafinyelela kwabayisithupha bavundiswa owesilisa.
Izinyamazane iRoe yizona kuphela izidumbu ezihlukaniswa isikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke, izinqubo zokukhula ngokushesha embungwini ziqala hhayi ngaphambi kukaJanuwari. Isikhathi esiphelele sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-264-318, kanti amawundlu azalwa phakathi kuka-Ephreli naphakathi noJuni. Emasontweni amane ngaphambi kokuzala, owesifazane uhlala endaweni yezinhlobo, lapho ezinye izinyamazane ze-roe zixoshwa khona. Okuheha kakhulu ukuzala amachopho ehlathi anezinhlavu zezihlahlana noma utshani obude bemifula, obunganikeza indawo yokuhlala nokudla.
Ku-udoti, njengomthetho, kuzalwa kuphela amawundlu abonayo futhi anoboya, angakwazi ukuzisiza ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, ngakho-ke bahlala ezindlini ezikhethekile zokukhosela. Ukuxhumana kwabantu besifazane nenzalo ekhulayo kuphuke kuphela amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwesizukulwane esisha. Izinyamazane zeRoe zikhula ngenkuthalo, ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala ukwindla, isisindo somzimba wazo sesivele sicishe sibe ngama-60-70% esisindo somuntu omdala ojwayelekile. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili beneminyaka emibili, nabesifazane - ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kepha ukuzalanisa kuvame ukuhanjelwa abantu abadala abathathu noma ngaphezulu.
Inani lezomnotho
Izici zenani lezomnotho lezinyamazane zaseYurophu zicatshangelwa ezinkomba ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, izinyamazane ze-roe zizingela izilwane ezihlinzeka inyama, ukunambitheka okuhle nezici zokudla okunempilo, isikhumba esibalulekile nezimpondo ezinhle. Okwesibili, lesi silwane esinezinselo ezibhubhisa ngenkuthalo sibhubhisa izitshalo eziletha ukulimala okukhulu emahlathini nasemasimini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inyama yenyamazane i-Roe ingumkhiqizo wokudla onenani kwamanye amazwe ophakeme kunenyama yezinyamazane zasendle, izingulube zasendle kanye nonogwaja.
Okwesithathu, izinyamazane ze-roe ziyinto yobuhle yemvelo evame ukubonwa, kanye nomhlobiso wangempela wezimfunda namahlathi. Kodwa-ke, inyamazane yaseYurophu eyakhiwe ngokweqile ingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni eziluhlaza nasemahlathini.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Namuhla, ngokwesigaba se-IUCN, inyamazane yase-European roe ihlukaniswa njenge-taxa enobungozi obuncane bokuqothulwa.... Izindlela zokonga emashumini eminyaka amuva nje zenze ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zisabalale futhi zivame ngaphezu kwengxenye ebalulekile yobubanzi. Inani lezinyamazane ezise-Central Europe njengamanje likhulu kakhulu futhi lilinganiselwa kubantu abayizigidi eziyishumi nanhlanu. Ama-subspecies kuphela uCapreolus capreolus italicus Festa kanye nabantu baseSyria abancane ngenani.
Ngokuvamile, ukuzala okuphezulu kanye neplastiki yemvelo yezinyamazane zaseYurophu zivumela lo mmeleli womndeni wezinyamazane kanye nohlobo lweRoe deer ukuthi babuyise kalula izinombolo zabo futhi bamelane nengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu yemvelaphi ye-anthropogenic. Phakathi kokunye, ukwanda kwemfuyo kungenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okuqhubekayo nokwanda ezindaweni zama-agrocenoses, kanye nokuzivumelanisa okuphezulu namathafa aguqulwe ngabantu futhi alinywe.
