Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-wildebeest
Uma umuntu ezwa igama inhlwathi, ezingeni elingazi lutho, unokuzihlanganisa negama inkonkoni... Futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi, ngoba uhlobo oludume kakhulu lwezinhlwathi empeleni luyinkonkoni.
Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-artiodactyls - i-wild-tailed white kanye ne-wildebeest eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izihlobo eziseduze zalezi zilwane ziyi-swamp antelopes kanye ne-congoni, kodwa uma sikhuluma ngokungagwegwesi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphandle zihluke ngokuphelele.
Ihlala kuphi inkonkoni? Angabhekwa ngokufanele njengomhlali wezwekazi lase-Afrika. Inani elikhulu labantu, cishe ama-70%, selizinze eKenya, kanti abanye badla ebubanzini baseNamibia nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika.
Esithombeni kukhona inkonkoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Hlanganisa lapho uqala ukuyibona inkonkoni yezilwane ibukeka ingahambi kahle futhi ngisho, omunye angase athi, ayinazwelo. Umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi imvelo ifake izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ekubonakaleni kwenyamazane.
Zigwebele wena ngokwakho, ngezici zalo zangaphandle i-wildebeest ikhumbuza kakhulu inkomo noma ihhashi - ikhanda elikhulu, izimpondo ezimfushane ezigobile nobuso bembuzi.
Uma ubheka isithombe se-wildebeest, lapho-ke ungabona kahle okokulengisa okujiyile okulenga engxenyeni engezansi yesifonyo, kubukeka njengentshebe yembuzi, entanyeni umhlwenga ofana nowehhashi, kodwa ongavamile kakhulu.
Futhi umsila omude uphela ngentshakaza, kahle, njengembongolo, kanti isilwane senza imisindo ekhumbuza inkomo elilayo. I-antelope imbozwe ngoboya obumpunga obumnyama, obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obinsundu ngemivimbo ecishe ingahlukaniseki ezinhlangothini, etholakala ngaphesheya. Futhi inkonkoni enomsila omhlophe ipendwe ngamathoni amnyama, kepha umsila wayo umhlophe futhi uqine.
Ngesisindo somzimba esingu-200-250 kg, i-ungulate ebunile ifinyelela ngaphansi kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu. Umzimba we-antelope unamandla amakhulu ngamahlombe amakhulu. Inhloko yamadoda nabesifazane ithweswe umqhele ngezimpondo, igobile futhi inamandla kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa banezimpondo cishe zemitha, ozovuma kakhulu.
Esithombeni kunenyathi enomsila omhlophe
Izimpondo zisiza isilwane ukuthi silwe nezitha, okufanele ziphawulwe kakhulu kule ndawo edla imifino.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila kwenkonkoni
I-wildebeest inomlingiswa ohambelana nokubukeka nayo igcwele ukuphikisana. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-ungulates ahola indlela yokuphila ekhumbuza inkomo - zidla ngokuthula, zihlafuna utshani ngaso sonke isikhathi, zivusa umsila wazo kude nezinambuzane ezicasulayo.
Kuliqiniso, kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, izinhlwathi ziwela ohlotsheni oluthile lokwethuka okungaqondakali, futhi umhlambi uqhunyiswa ngokoqobo usuka lapho futhi ugijime unqamule i-savannah.
Umhlambi wezinkulungwane uphuthuma ngejubane eligcwele, ushaya ngokoqobo izinselo zawo, uphakamisa amafu othuli, ukhukhula konke okusendleleni yawo. Umbukwane umane ubambe ongezansi, kepha kungcono ukuwubheka ukude, kungenjalo umuntu uzokufa nakanjani.
Ngisho nakuma-antelopes, izinhlanga ezinjalo azihlali kahle. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, okungenani izinkulungwane ezingama-250 zezinkonkoni azifinyeleli emgomweni wokugcina minyaka yonke, ngoba zifa ngaphansi kwezinselo zezihlobo zazo noma ziwele kwalasha, ziwe emaweni. Abaningi bafa ngesikhathi sokuwela amanzi.
Imifula izithiyo ezinkulu nezicupho ekufudukeni kwezinyamazane. Balindwe lapha izingwenya ezomele igazi futhi ezilambile ingunaphakade. Ogwini, isitha esiyingozi kakhulu se-antelope, ibhubesi, silinde siqamekele. Futhi akuzona nje izingonyama ezikulungele ukubamba inhlwathi eshiye umhlambi noma iwundlu eliwele ngemuva kukanina.
Izimpisi, izingwe nezinye izilwane ezidla i-Afrika aziyona ingozi ezilwaneni njengezingonyama. Yize kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi konke bekuyobe kubi kakhulu uma, lapho ihlaselwa ngumzingeli, izinhlwathi zihlangana ndawonye, futhi zingahlakazeki ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Lapho i-wildebeest ihlakazeka, isilwane sididekile okwesikhashana, futhi ama-antelopes athola isikhathi futhi akwazi ukuthatha isenzo. Ukutshela mayelana ne-wildebeest, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi lesi silwane asijwayele ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa.
Sonke isikhathi sonyaka kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuNovemba, izinhlwathi ziyafuduka zifuna amadlelo aluhlaza, kepha akulula emadlelweni ambozwe ngotshani obuhlukahlukene, futhi afuna izinhlobo ezithile zezimila zotshani, okuthi, ngenhlanhla, zitholakale ema-savanna amakhulu ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu.
Izinkonkoni zingabantu abaphuza amanzi ngokwemvelo, ziphuza amanzi amaningi ngakho-ke ziyajabula ukuhlala osebeni lwemizimba yamanzi uma zingekho izilwane ezidla ezinye eduze. I-wildebeest ijabulela ukuphola, ukuzigingqa odakeni futhi ijabulele ukuthula.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwezinhlwathi kungukudla kokutshala kuphela, noma kunalokho, utshani obumnandi. Inkonkoni ivame ukuzondla emadlelweni amadube azikhethele wona. Iqiniso ngukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuthi izinhlwathi zifike otshanini obuphansi ngemuva kokuthi ama-ungulates anemigqa adle ukukhula okude.
Ngesikhathi sasemini, i-wildebeest idla utshani obungu-4-5 kg kanti kulesi sifundo ithatha amahora afinyelela kwangu-16 ngosuku. Uma utshani buyeka ukukhula ngenkathi eyomile, khona-ke bangakwazi ukuluma amaqabunga ezihlahla, kepha abakuthandi ngempela ukudla okunjalo. Yingakho i-wildebeest ihlale ifuduka ifuna ukudla okuthandayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-wildebeest
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyamazane siqala ngo-Ephreli futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuganga, abesilisa bahlela izimpi. Isiko le-duel lokukhwelana phakathi kwabesilisa lehliselwa eqinisweni lokuthi abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi bema emajoyini abo bese beqala ukubambana.
Futhi okuvela ukuthi unamandla uzoba ngumnikazi wezintokazi zezinsikazi ezincane. Labo abanenhlanhla bangazuza izinhliziyo zabesifazane abangu-10-15 ngasikhathi sinye. I-wildebeest izala abantwana cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Ngakho-ke, amawundlu azalwa ebusika - ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari.
Imvelo yaqinisekisa ukuthi omama abahlengikazi banokudla okwanele. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kuzalwa amawundlu lapho inkathi yemvula iqala khona e-Afrika futhi utshani bukhula ngokuxhuma nemingcele.
Izinhlwathi zondla izingane zazo ngobisi izinyanga ezingaba yisishiyagalombili. I-antelope izala ithole elilodwa, okuthi lapho lizalwa libe nsundu ngombala. Ngemuva kwengxenye yehora, izinyane selivele likwazi ukuma ngemilenze yalo, futhi ngemuva kwehora selivele selibamba iqhaza emijahweni.
Ngonyaka, ithole liyakhululwa ekunakekeleni komama, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emine, abesilisa abancane baqala ukucabanga ngenzalo yabo ngakho-ke bazifunele umlingani. Ekuthunjweni, i-wildebeest ingaphila impilo ende - cishe ikota yekhulu noma ngisho nangaphezulu, kepha endle ayikwazi ukuphila iminyaka engafika kwengu-20.
