Ingonyama. Ukuziqhenya. Imithetho yomndeni neyendalo
Amandla abonwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ibhubesi phakathi umhlaba wezilwane imvelo. Izithombe zakhe emidwebo yamadwala, ebaziwe, amajazi ezandla namafulegi zifakazela amandla namandla.
EGibhithe lasendulo, umuntu wabona isilo njengonkulunkulu onamandla womhlaba. Kuze kube namuhla, ubizwa ngokuthi inkosi yezilwane noma ingonyama inkosi, futhi uvikele ekubhujisweni enye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisa kakhulu izilwane emhlabathini.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Phakathi kwezinsikazi, ingwe kuphela, usayizi wayo ongekho ngaphansi kunenkosi, engancintisana nebhubesi. Ubuningi besilwane bufinyelela ku-200-250 kg, ubude bomzimba wesilwane esikhulile cishe bungu-2.5 m, obungezwa ngemitha yomsila ngebhulashi lezinwele ezimnyama. Ngaphakathi kune- "spur" yama-vertebrae wokugcina, isikhali esingeziwe somzingeli. Ubukhulu obukhulu abuvimbeli ukuthi isilwane singabi namandla futhi sisheshe.
Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngumhlwenga okhula usukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala futhi umboze umzimba kusuka entanyeni kuye esifubeni. Umbala wemane uba mnyama ngobudala besilwane, okwengeza ukubaluleka okukhulu nakakhulu. Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ikhanda elinjalo elicijile nelikwazi ukumelana nobunzima lithambisa amagalelo abaphikisi empini.
Ibhubesi lendoda esithombeni
Ubude bezinwele zemane bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. Ukujiya, ukwakheka nombala wayo kuncike ezintweni eziningi: iminyaka, indawo yokuhlala, ama-subspecies, isimo sezulu, izimo zokuphila. Ekuthunjweni, umhlwenga wezingonyama uhlala ukhuluphele njalo, ngoba akudingeki ukuthi ushaywe phakathi kwamahlathi noma ezimpini.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone kunethonya elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwekhanda loboya, ngakho-ke, phakathi kwamabhubesi, isikhundla somholi sihlala sinomnikazi wemane elivelele. Amabhubesikazi mancane ngosayizi, isisindo sawo sifinyelela ku-140 kg, kepha anomusa kakhulu kunabalingani, ngoba angabazingeli abakhulu bomndeni. Imane ebabazekayo nosayizi omkhulu bekuzokwenza kube nzima ukulandela umkhondo wezilwane.
Esithombeni ibhubesikazi
Inhloko yesilwane inkulu, inomlomo ohlangane, imihlathi emikhulu. Amafanga afinyelela ku-8 cm ubude azovumela abazingeli ukuba bahlasele izilwane ezinkulu. Umzimba unemisipha, izidladla ziqinile, nezinzipho ezihoxisiwe ezinzwaneni. Izinwele zomzimba ezimfushane zingadaywa kusuka kwimpunga emhlophe kuye konsundu ophuzi.
Izihlobo ezinkulu ibhubesi ngokwemvelo: i-jaguar, ingwe nengwe, - izilwane zase-afrika... Ubukhona bazo buqinisekiswa yizinsalela zezinsalela, ezilinganiselwa eminyakeni eyi-1 million ubudala.
Ngesinye isikhathi endulo, indawo yokuhlala yamabhubesi yayinkulu kakhulu kunamanje: yayihlanganisa yonke indawo yase-Afrika, iMiddle East, eningizimu yeYurophu, eningizimu yeRussia yanamuhla, nengxenye esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya.
Ukushushiswa kwesilwane ngumuntu kanye nokwehliswa kwendawo yokuhlala sekube yingozi kumzingeli. Wahlala emvelweni kuphela e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara kanye nasehlathini laseGir lombuso waseNdiya.
Kuma-subspecies ayi-12 abekhona ezikhathini zanamuhla, ayisithupha asindile. Phakathi kwama-subspecies asephelile, iBarbary edumile ibhubesi, enkulu kunazo zonke isilwane sasendle ezihlotsheni. Isisindo semidondoshiya sidlule ama-300 kg, kanti ubude bomzimba babungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu Ummeli wokugcina walezi zinhlobo wabhujiswa ngo-1922.
Ibhubesi Elimhlophe ayihlukanisiwe njengama-subspecies azimele isilwane. Umbala okhilimu wejazi elihle ungumphumela wezici zofuzo. Abafuyi baseNingizimu Afrika abathunjiwe baphakamisa lamabhubesi ukuze ba-ode ngenhloso yokuwina.
Esithombeni kunengonyama emhlophe
AmaSavannah ayindawo eyintandokazi yamabhubesi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi athuthela ehlathini noma ezihlahleni. Izilwane zidinga amadamu amakhulu futhi zinciphise izilwane ezincelisayo - izinto zazo eziyinhloko zokuzingela.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila kwebhubesi
Phakathi kwamabhubesi e-feline, ahlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa kweqembu lomndeni elihlukile, noma ukuziqhenya. Siqukethe abadala eziningana, kanye nenzalo yabo. Amathole ebhubesi amancane ashiya ukuziqhenya komzali ngemuva kokuthomba.
Baba yisizungu okwamanje, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi bangatholi ukuziqhenya okusha ngomholi omdala ozodela amalungelo akhe komunye oqinile noma ahlale eyimizulane impilo yakhe yonke. Ukuziqhenya kuphila ngemithetho ethile, ethobela amalungu eqembu. Abafokazi baxoshwa lapha, abesilisa bavikela indawo yabo, izibopho zomndeni zidlala indima yokuxhuma.
Esithombeni, ukuziqhenya kwebhubesi
Abazingeli abakhulu izingonyamakazi. Inzuzo yabo ukushesha, ukuguquguquka nezimo nokushesha. Impumelelo incike ekuhambisaneni nasekubonisweni kwezimfanelo zebhubesi. Ukukhiqiza kokuzingela isilwane eqenjini kusobala, kepha ukuhlukaniswa kwesisulu kuncike kowesilisa, uma eseduze. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amabhubesi anolaka komunye nomunye ngesikhathi sokudla.
Abesilisa kuyaqabukela bezizingela, kepha uma isisulu sibanjwa yibo, khona-ke ibhubesi lizondla lodwa. Umhlwenga wandisa ukuvivinya umzimba futhi ubamba iqhaza ekushiseni komzimba, ngakho-ke indima enkulu yabazingeli ingeyabesifazane. Umzingeli ngamunye ngokuziqhenya wenza umsebenzi othile: umzingeli, unogada wendawo, umvikeli wenzalo.
Esithombeni kukhona amabhubesikazi ekuzingeleni
Umsebenzi omkhulu wezilwane ezidliwayo uvela ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Umbono omuhle ebusuku unikela ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo. Ngemuva kwalokho izingonyama ziphumulele futhi unakekele inzalo. Hlobo luni lwesilwane esiyingini sezihlobo olungabonakala emini.
Inkosi yezilwane cishe ayinazo izitha ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu namandla. Kepha ukufa nokulimala kuyazifica izilwane emzabalazweni wendawo yomholi ekuziqhenyeni. Abesilisa abekho ngaphansi kwezimbangi uma kwenzeka kushayisana. Izilwane ezigulayo noma ezilimele ziyaphela amandla, ziba izisulu zezimpisi, izinyathi noma izingwe.
Izilwane ezinkulu ezidliwayo zihlushwa izibungu ezincane, ezithinta lapho isilwane singafinyeleli endaweni yomzimba ngamazinyo noma ngezidladla. Ukudla inyama yezilwane kuholela ekuthelelekeni nge-helminths. Amandla ezifo azama ukufuduka ukuze kugcinwe izinombolo.
Ukudla kwebhubesi
Ukudla kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izilwane ezinenselo: imfuyo, izinhlwathi, amadube nezinye izilwane ze-savanna. ibhubesi ngisho nesidumbu, amagundane amancane ngeke aphuthe. Yize amazinyo abukhali futhi amade, lesi silwane siklinya isisulu saso.
Ikhono lokunyonyoba buthule, bese umbani ushesha ukudlula isisulu ngokugxuma kushiya ithuba lokusindiswa kwabaningi abahlala eSavana. Ibhubesi linamandla futhi liyashesha emabangeni amafushane, ngakho-ke, lisondele ngangokunokwenzeka emihlambini yokugxuma okusheshayo. Leli banga licishe libe ngamamitha angama-30. Izidlakudla eziningana zokuhlasela ngokuziqhenya okufanayo kusuka ezinkomba ezihlukene ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuzingela kwenzeka kaningi ebusuku. Ukuphuma okukodwa okuphumelelayo kunikeza izilwane eziqhoshayo ezi-4-5 ngokudla isonto lonke. Ama-ungulates anesisindo esisuka ku-50 kuya ku-300 kg aba yizisulu. E-Afrika, lezi zivame ukuba yizinkonkoni, amadube, izinyathi, eNdiya - izingulube zasendle, izinyamazane. Ukuhlaselwa kobhejane noma izindlulamithi ezindala akuvamile ngenxa yengozi yokulimala.
Ukukhethwa kwezilwane kuncike ebukhoneni bazo esifundeni; kubantu abakhulu, izilwane ezincane noma abantu abalimele nababuthakathaka banesithakazelo kumzingeli. Ngesikhathi, ibhubesi lingadla kuze kufike ku-30 kg wenyama, yize ama-7 kg owesilisa no-5 kg kowesifazane anele ukusuthiswa.
Uma inyamazane idinga ukusindiswa, khona-ke amabhubesi ayayiqapha ezimpisini ezishesha, ezikhangwa ukundiza kwamanqe ngokudla. Ukuzingela kuhlanganisa ukuziqhenya: abesilisa bayasiza lapho kwenzeka inyamazane enkulu, futhi inzalo ibheka okwenziwa ngabantu abadala.
Ezivivinyweni zokuqala zokuzingela, amawundlu engonyama aqala ukuphuma eneminyaka engu-1, futhi kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala athola ukudla ngokuzimela. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kuyisici sezilwane eziphelelwe amandla okuzingela ama-ungulates.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwamabhubesikazi kuqala kusukela eminyakeni emi-4 ubudala. Ukuzalwa kwenzalo akuboshelwe ezinkathini zonyaka, ngakho-ke kungahle kube khona abancane beminyaka ehlukene eceleni kukanina. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-110, kanti amazinyane ngokuvamile aqukethe amawundlu amathathu ebhubesi. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, azinakuzisiza ngokuphelele: ngosayizi omncane, afinyelela ku-30 cm ubude futhi cishe isisindo esingu-1.5 kg, angaboni. Baqala ukubona ngesonto, nokuhamba emasontweni amathathu.
Esithombeni amawundlu engonyama
Ukusuka lapho kuzalwa khona izingane, okukude futhi okufihliwe ekuziqhenyeni, owesifazane udlulisela inzalo endaweni yokubhaka entsha. Ikwenza lokhu kaningi ukuvikela abasha ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezinuka iphunga elinqwabelene. Izimpisi, izimpungushe, izinyoka bangabathandi abadumile bokuzingela amawundlu amabhubesi amancane. Ibhubesikazi libuyela ekuziqhenyeni ngemuva kwamasonto e-6-8.
Uma owesilisa oyinhloko ekuziqhenyeni eyekelele onamandla, inzalo yomholi wangaphambili ayinamathuba okusinda. Amawundlu azobhujiswa. Kunezinsongo nobungozi obanele bokusinda kwezingane, ngakho-ke ama-20% kuphela akhula kuzo ngemuva kweminyaka emibili.
Ngokuziqhenya, amawundlu engonyama ahlala eduze konina, ezinye izinsikazi azivumeli njalo izingane zabanye abantu ziseduze kwazo. Kodwa kunezikhathi lapho inkulisa yebhubesi yakhiwa kusuka kumawundlu ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwengonyama eyodwa, kuyilapho abanye bezingela.
Eminyakeni engu-4-5, abantu abasha abashiye ukuziqhenya kwabo bomdabu bazama ukunqoba isikhundla somholi wakudala emndenini wakwelinye izwe. Uma abesifazane bemeseka, uzonqoba. Amabhubesi amaningi abuthakathaka afela ukuvikela ukuziqhenya.
Impilo yabazingeli emvelweni isifikile eminyakeni eyi-15, futhi ekuthunjweni inyuka kakhulu iye eminyakeni engu-20-30. Ukuhlala nesilwane ekuziqhenyeni kwandisa impilo yaso, ngokungafani nabantu abathunjiwe nokuhola indlela yokuphila yokuzulazula. Ubukhulu basebukhosini besilo buvezwa endaweni yokuziqhenya kwayo, mhlawumbe yingakho lesi sidlakela esinamagugu omndeni sithakazelisa kangaka kumuntu.
