Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi i-rotan okungajwayelekile okuncane, iningi lomzimba wayo lakhiwe ngekhanda elikhulu nomlomo omkhulu, akulona ize lelo elibizwa ngokuthi ngumlilo. Kwabaningi, ukubukeka kwe-rotan kubonakala kungathandeki, kepha izakhiwo zayo zokunambitha zingaphikisana nanoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi enhle. Ake sizame ukuqonda wonke ama-nuances wokuphila kwalesi silwane esidla izinhlanzi, esichaza ukubukeka, imikhuba nesimo saso.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Rotan
URotan ungowenhlanzi eboshelwe nge-ray evela emndenini we-firebrand, nguyena kuphela omele uhlobo lwezinkuni. I-Rotan iyinhlanzi efana ne-perch, ibizwa nangokuthi utshani noma i-firebrand. Endaweni ethile esondele engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu elidlule, igama elifana ne-Amur goby lalinamathiselwe kule nhlanzi. Vele, i-rotan ibukeka ifana kakhulu nenkunzi, kepha akulungile ukuyibiza kanjalo, ngoba ayihlangene nakancane nomndeni wayo.
Ababaningi abantu abazi ukwehlukanisa i-goby ne-rotan, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukugxila kulokhu. Umehluko usemaphinini okhalo: otshanini abhanqiwe, ayindilinga futhi mancane, futhi ku-goby akhule ndawonye aba uswidi oyedwa omkhulu.
URotana walethwa evela eMpumalanga. Wagxila ngokuphelele ezimweni ezintsha, ngokoqobo, ethathe amadamu amaningi, esusa ezinye izinhlanzi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi isibani somlilo siqinile, asidli ekudleni, umuntu angaze athi, ngokungakhethi, ubukhulu bale nhlanzi buyamangalisa nje. Uma kungenazo ezinye izinhlanzi ezidlayo echibini, ama-rotan anamandla angakwazi ukugcoba i-lime roach, i-dace ngisho ne-carp. Ngokusobala, yingakho abizwa nangokuthi ama-live-throat.
Ividiyo: Rotan
IRotana ihlukaniswa yikhanda layo elikhulu nomlomo omkhulu ongasuthiseki, bahlala cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomzimba wonke wezinhlanzi. I-Rotan ayimnandi ekuthinteni, ngoba umzimba wakhe wonke umbozwe amafinyila, okuvame ukuphuma iphunga elingemnandi neze. Ngokuvamile, le nhlanzi ayinkulu ngosayizi, i-rotan ejwayelekile inesisindo esingama-200 amagremu. Izinhlobo ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu azivamile kakhulu.
I-Rotana ingadideka nge-goby, kepha yehluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlanzi, inokubukeka okungavamile, kuzici esizozama ukukuthola.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-Rotan
Umzimba we-rotan ukhulu kakhulu, ushayeke phansi, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside; ngaphezu kwe-mucus, imbozwe kakhulu ngezikali eziphakathi nendawo.
Umbala we-rotan uyehluka kakhulu, kepha amathoni alandelayo ayanqoba:
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- nsundu;
- nsundu;
- mnyama (emadodeni ngesikhathi sokuzala).
Esizibeni esinesihlabathi esingaphansi, ulele we-Amur ukhanya ngokukhanyayo kunaleyo ehlala emaxhaphozini. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa baba mnyama ngokuphelele (akusizi ngalutho ukuthi babizwa ngegama elithi "firebrands"), kanti abesifazane, kunalokho, baba lula ngamathoni.
Umbala we-firebrand awuyona i-monochromatic, unezici zokukhanya ezikhanyayo nemivimbo emincane. Isisu senhlanzi cishe njalo singwevu ngombala. Ubude bezinhlanzi bungaba kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-25 cm, futhi ubukhulu obukhulu bufinyelela kwengxenye yekhilogremu, yize lokhu kungavamile kakhulu, imvamisa ukulala kwe-Amur kuncane kakhulu (cishe ngama-200 g).
Inhloko enkulu ngomlomo omkhulu, ifakwe amazinyo amancane njengezinaliti, iyikhadi lokuvakasha lalesi silwane esidla izinhlanzi. Ngendlela, amazinyo e-firebrand ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana, futhi umhlathi ongezansi uhlelisiwe kancane. (Amazinyo) anekhono lokushintshela kokusha ngezikhathi ezithile. Amehlo aphumile ezinhlanzi abekwe phansi impela (khona kanye endebeni engenhla kakhulu). Ku-operculum kunenqubo yomgogodla ebheka emuva, okuyisici sayo yonke into efana ne-perch-like. Isici esivelele se-rotan amaphiko ayo athambile, angenameva.
Amaphiko amabili ayabonakala emgodini we-Amur sleeper, ngemuva kwawo okude. Isiphetho senhlanzi sifushane, kanti amaphiko we-pectoral makhulu futhi ayindilinga. Umsila we-firebrand nawo uyindilinga; kukhona amaphiko amabili amancane esiswini.
Uhlala kuphi uRotan?
Isithombe: Rotan emanzini
Ekuqaleni, i-rotan yayinemvume yokuhlala unomphela eMpumalanga Ekude yezwe lethu, endaweni yaseNyakatho Korea nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, lapho-ke yavela emanzini eLake Baikal, ososayensi abawathatha njengokungcola kwebhayoloji. Manje i-firebrand isabalale yonke indawo, ngenxa yokukhuthazela kwayo, ukungathobeki, ikhono lokuhlala ngaphandle kwe-oxygen isikhathi eside, ukuzivumelanisa nemibuso ehlukahlukene yokushisa nokushintshashintsha kwayo, kanye nokukwazi ukuhlala emanzini angcoliswe kakhulu.
I-Rotan itholakala kuyo yonke insimu yezwe lethu emadamini ahlukahlukene:
- amachibi;
- imifula;
- amachibi;
- amadamu;
- amaxhaphozi.
Manje i-rotan ingabanjwa eVolga, Dniester, Irtysh, Ural, Danube, Ob, Kama, Styr. Izinkuni zithatha imizimba yamanzi acwebezelayo, lapho ihlala khona phakathi nezikhukhula. Akayithandi imisinga eshesha kakhulu, ukhetha amanzi amile, lapho engekho enye inhlanzi edlayo.
URotan uthanda amanzi anodaka amnyama, lapho kunezimila eziningi khona. Kulezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezinjenge-pike, asp, perch, catfish, i-Amur sleeper ayizizwa ikhululekile, isibalo sayo cishe asibalulekile ngokuphelele, noma le nhlanzi ayiyona neze.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umuntu wethule ama-rotan emizimbeni yamanzi esendaweni yaseSt. Petersburg, base behlala kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ensimini yezwe lethu, indawo yokuhlala ye-rotan isuka emngceleni neChina (i-Urgun, i-Amur, i-Ussuri) iya eKaliningrad uqobo, imifula iNeman neNarva neLake Peipsi.
Yini edliwa yi-rotan?
Isithombe: Rotan
Ama-Rotan ayizilwane ezidla ezinye, kepha izilwane ezidlayo zinenhliziyo embi kakhulu futhi azisuthiseki, zichitha isikhathi sazo esiningi zifuna ukudla. Amehlo ezikhuni zomlilo abukhali kakhulu, ayakwazi ukuhlukanisa inyamazane ehambayo kude. Ngemuva kokubona umuntu ongaba isisulu, u-Amur olele uyayilandela kancane, ngezitobhu ezincane, ezisiza kuphela ngamaphiko amancane asesiswini.
Ekuzingeleni, i-rotan inokuthula okukhulu nokulingana, ihamba ngokushelela nangokukala, njengokungathi iyazindla ngamanyuqo okumele iwathathe, futhi ubuhlakani bayo abumenzi phansi. Ukuthosa okusanda kuzalwa kwe-rotan kuqala kudla ama-plankton, bese kuba ama-invertebrate amancane nama-benthos, kancane kancane kuqala ukondla njengama-congener avuthiwe.
Imenyu yabantu abadala ye-rotan yehluke kakhulu, akaphikisi ukuba nesidlwana:
- inhlanzi encane;
- izinambuzane;
- ama-triton;
- amaxoxo;
- onoshobishobi.
Utshani abwenqabi i-caviar kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi, okuvame ukudala umonakalo omkhulu emfuyweni yayo. Emachibini amancane, lapho kungekho khona ezinye izilwane ezidlayo, i-rotan izala ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ikwazi ukugcoba ezinye izinhlanzi, abadobi abangazithandi ngazo. Ungadeleli amalahle nazo zonke izinhlobo zezidumbu, ukudle ngentokozo enkulu.
I-Rotan, imvamisa, idla ngaphandle kwesilinganiso, imunca inyamazane ngobuningi bayo. Umlomo wayo omkhulu ungabamba izinhlanzi, ivolumu ilingane. Irotan enamafutha amaningi icishe iphindwe kathathu ngosayizi, bese icwila ezansi futhi ingahlala lapho izinsuku ezimbalwa, igaye lokho ekudlile.
I-cannibalism iyachuma phakathi kwama-rotan, lapho abantu abakhulu bedla ozakwabo abancane. Lesi simo sithuthukiswa ikakhulukazi lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi khona.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi i-rotan yethulwa ngokukhethekile echibini eligcwele kakhulu. Isibonelo, echibini, lapho ukhaphethi we-crucian uye wanda kakhulu futhi wagaya, i-Amur sleeper inciphisa inani labantu bayo, ngaleyo ndlela isiza izinhlanzi ezisele ukuba zikhule zibe ngosayizi osindayo. Singasho ukuthi i-rotan ayithobeki ekudleni futhi idla cishe yonke into eyibambayo, idla ngokweqile ithambo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-Rotan
URotana angabizwa ngokuthi uyisidlamlilo, cishe uhlale elambile, ngakho-ke umhlaseli onolaka. Kubonakala sengathi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yisiphi, ngisho nezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu zokuphila. Ukuzithoba nokubekezela kwe-rotan kumangalisa nje. URotan uhlala esaphila ngisho noma ichibi liba yiqhwa phansi. Ubekezelela nezikhathi ezinzima ezomile ngempumelelo. Le nhlanzi enhle igwema umsinga osheshayo kuphela, ikhetha amanzi acashile, akhule ngokweqile, amile, avame ukuba manzi manzi anaphansi olunodaka.
IRotan isebenza unyaka wonke futhi iyaqhubeka nokubanjwa ebusika nasehlobo. Indlala imnqoba kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, isifiso sakhe sokwehla kancane kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana. Uma ebusika kubanda izilwane eziningi ezidlayo zakha imihlambi futhi zihambe ziyofuna izindawo ezifudumele, khona-ke i-rotan ayihlukile kulokhu kuziphatha. Uyaqhubeka nokuzingela yedwa. Amaqhwa abucayi kakhulu, okuholela ekubandeni kwesiziba, angacindezela ama-rotan ukuba ahlangane ukuze aphile.
Akunamakhaza eqhwa azungeze umhlambi onjalo, ngoba inhlanzi ifaka izinto ezikhethekile eziyivimbela ukuba ingabi yiqhwa, iwela emgodini (i-anabiosis), eyeka ngokufudumala kokuqala, bese i-rotan ibuyela empilweni ejwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sasebusika ama-rotan acwila odakeni futhi ahlala enganyakazi izinyanga. Indlela efanayo isetshenziswa yi-rotan lapho kunesomiso esinzima, ingekho ngaphansi kongqimba lwodaka kuphela, kodwa futhi naku-capsule yamafinyila abo, ebasiza ukuba basinde ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo.
Zonke izinhlobo zokungcola nazo azesabi ama-rotan, ngisho ne-chlorine ne-ammonia azibathinti ikakhulukazi. Emanzini angcolile kakhulu, awahlali nje kuphela, kepha futhi ayaqhubeka nokuzala ngempumelelo. Ubungqabavu bokulala kwe-Amur buyamangalisa, maqondana nalokhu, wacabanga ngisho ne-carp ye-crucian engathobekile. IRotan ingaphila iminyaka engaba yishumi nanhlanu, kepha imvamisa isikhathi sayo sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni eyi-8 kuye kwayi-10. Lesi yisidlakela esinekhanda elikhulu, esikhethekile futhi esingajwayelekile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Rotan encane
I-rotan evuthiwe ngokobulili isondela eminyakeni emithathu ubudala; ivela ngoMeyi-Julayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa bayaguqulwa: owesilisa upendwe ngombala omnyama omuhle, ukukhula okuthile kugqama ebunzini lakhe elibanzi, kanti owesifazane, kunalokho, uthola umbala okhanyayo ukuze ubonakale kalula emanzini aneziyaluyalu. Imidlalo yomshado ingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuze i-rotan iqale ukukhiqiza okusebenzayo, amanzi kufanele afudumele kusuka kuma-degree angama-15 kuye kwangama-20 enophawu lokuhlanganisa.
Isibalo samaqanda esizalwe ngowesifazane oyedwa sifinyelela enkulungwaneni. Zine-tint ephuzi nokuma okuncane, ifakwe umlenze wentambo onamathele kakhulu ukuze uzinze ngokuqinile kuzimila zasemanzini, izinkuni zokukhukhumeza, amatshe alele phansi. Ngokuzala, insikazi ikhetha indawo efihlekile ukuze kuthwelwe abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Eyeduna iba ngumgcini othembekile, evikela amaqanda ekungeneleleni kwanoma yibaphi abahlupheki.
Ukubona isitha, u-rotan uqala ukulwa, amgagamise ngebunzi lakhe elikhulu. Ngeshwa, i-rotan ayikwazi ukuvikela inzalo yayo yesikhathi esizayo kuzo zonke izidumbu. Ngokwesibonelo, yena kuyaqabukela ukubhekana perch enkulu. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yokuqapha, owesilisa wenza umsebenzi wohlobo oluthile lwabalandeli, ehlohla amaqanda ngamaphiko, ngoba badinga umoya-mpilo omningi kakhulu kunabantu abavuthiwe. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa ukugeleza okuzungezile, futhi kunikezwa ne-oxygen.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi owesilisa ukhathalela ngokungakhathali kangako ngamaqanda, lapho inzalo ivela kuwo, angazidla yena ngaphandle kokushaya unembeza, lokhu kuchazwa ngumzabalazo wokusinda kwabanamandla kanye nomkhuba wokudla abantu phakathi kwama-rotan. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi imbiza ingahlala ezintweni ezinamanzi kasawoti kancane, kepha izala kuphela emanzini angenasawoti. Uhlobo oludlayo lwe-Amur sleeper lubonakala ngokushesha, seluvele ngosuku lwesihlanu ngemuva kokuzalwa, izibungu ziqala ukondla i-zooplankton, zikhuphule kancane usayizi wezilwane zazo futhi zishintshele ekudleni kwabantu abadala.
Ifry ekhulayo ifihla ekukhuleni okujiyile ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngoba banomuzwa wokuthi bangaba yisidlwana hhayi kuphela ezinye izilwane, kepha futhi nezihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu, kubandakanya nabazali babo.
Izitha zemvelo zama-rotan
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-Rotan
Yize iqiniso lokuthi i-rotan uqobo lwayo ingumondli ongasuthi futhi osebenzayo njalo, inezitha futhi ayilali. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-pike, i-catfish, i-snakehead, i-asp, i-perch, i-eel, i-pike perch nezinye izinhlanzi ezidlayo. Kulezo zinqolobane lapho kutholakala khona esinye sezilwane ezidlayo, i-Amur elele ayizizwa ikhululekile futhi nenombolo yayo ayisihle neze, kulezi zindawo isicishamlilo akuvamile ukuthi sikhule ngaphezu kwamagremu angamakhulu amabili.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-rotan ngokwawo ajabule ukudlana, enza njengezitha zezihlobo zawo. Ngokwemvelo, amaqanda nefry ye-rotan asengozini enkulu, okuvame ukusebenza njengokudla kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhungane amanzi, ikakhulukazi izimbungulu zezilwane, okunzima ngisho nezinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ukubhekana nazo.
Vele, phakathi kwezitha ze-rotan, umuntu angaphinde aqambe igama lomuntu ongamzingeli nje kuphela ngenduku yokudoba, kepha futhi uzama ukumkhipha emachibini amaningi, lapho i-rotan yande kakhulu khona. Izinhlanzi eziningi ezithengiswayo zihlushwa i-rotan, engazisusa ngokuphelele endaweni ehlala abantu. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bathatha izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokunciphisa inani le-rotan echibini elithile, ngaleyo ndlela bavikela ezinye izinhlanzi. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi uma kungathathwa zinyathelo maqondana nalokhu, lapho-ke ngeke kube khona ozodoba ngenduku yokudoba ngaphandle kwe-rotan.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Rotan
Inani labantu abalele e-Amur liningi, futhi indawo yalo yokuhlala ikhule kakhulu kangangokuba manje isibani somlilo singatholakala ezifundeni ezihluke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuchazwa ukungathobeki, ukukhuthazela nobungqabavu obukhulu balesi sidlakela esinonya. Manje i-rotan ibalwa phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinokhula ezisongela imfuyo yezinye izinhlanzi (ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezentengiso). I-Rotan iye yanda kakhulu kangangokuba manje ososayensi bafuna izindlela ezintsha nezisebenzayo zokunciphisa izinombolo zayo.
Ukulwa ne-rotan, izinyathelo ezifana nokuqeda uhlaza oluningi, ukuqoqa amaqanda ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona izinhlanzi. Ukucekela phansi i-rotan, kusetshenziswa izingibe ezikhethekile futhi kusungulwa izindawo zokuzalela, futhi kusetshenziswa nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali amadamu. Noma iyiphi indlela eyodwa ayisebenzi kangako, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kube nomphumela obonakalayo futhi obonakalayo.
Ngokumangazayo, kepha inani le-rotan livimbela isici esinjalo njengokudla kwamazimu. Imvamisa, lapho kunezicishamlilo eziningi, azikho ezinye izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke izilwane ezidla ezinye ziqala ukushwabadela, zinciphise ubukhulu besibalo sabantu. Ngakho-ke, azikho izinsongo maqondana nokuba khona kwe-Amur sleeper, kunalokho, yona uqobo iba usongo ebukhoneni bezinhlanzi eziningi ezithengiswayo, ngakho-ke abantu abayixazulule kakhulu manje kufanele balwe ngokungakhathali.
Ekugcineni kusala ukwengeza, noma kunjalo i-rotan ngokubukeka nokungaqashiwe, ukubukeka akubukeki, kepha kunokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu uma kulungiselelwe ngezandla ezinekhono futhi ezinolwazi. Ama-anglers amaningi athanda ukuzingela i-rotan, ngoba ukulunywa kwayo kuhlala kusebenza kakhulu futhi kuyathakazelisa, futhi inyama iyinambitha, ikhuluphele ngokulingene futhi iphilile kakhulu, ngoba icebile ngomsoco obalulekile obaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umzimba womuntu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 19.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-20: 35
