Izicabucabu azikhuthazi ukuzwelana nabantu abaningi: ngisho nokubona isicabucabu sasendlini esingenabungozi, kukhasa ngokuthula mayelana nebhizinisi laso futhi kungacasuli muntu, kungadala ukwethuka kubo. Futhi labo abangahlehli lapho bebona isicabucabu esikhulu futhi esesabekayo se-tarantula spider, ikakhulu, bambalwa. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukungavumi ukuthi izicabucabu ziyizilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Futhi, uma uzihlolisisa, ungathola nezidalwa ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwazo.
Incazelo yezicabucabu
Izicabucabu zibhekwa njengezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu ku-arachnids oda. Iningi lezinhlobo zala ma-arthropod ziyizilwane ezidlayo, zidla izinambuzane, kanye nezinyoka ezincane, izinyoni eziphakathi nendawo nezinye izilwane ezincane.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba wesicabucabu uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko - i-cephalothorax nesisu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu nokuma kokugcina ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zale arthropods kwehlukile. Ku-cephalothorax kunemilenze engu-8, imilenze emibili efinyeziwe, abayidingayo ukuze bakhiqize kabusha, kanye nesisetshenziswa somlomo esifakwe imihlathi emibili, ebizwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-chelicera.
Esiswini, kutholakala izinsumpa zesicabucabu, zikhiqiza i-fiber eya ekwakheni ama-cobwebs nezimbobo zokuphefumula.
I-Chelicerae ibukeka njengezinsimbi futhi zitholakala ezinhlangothini zomlomo. Usayizi wazo ungaphansi kobude bemilenze nemilenze. Kungenxa yabo lapho kwenziwa khona ukunikezwa kobuthi okukhiqizwa kwizindlala ezinobuthi.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo, izicabucabu zingaba nenombolo ehlukile yamehlo: kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-12. Isilwane singahambisa la mehlo, asivumela ukuthi sandise kakhulu i-engeli yokubuka.
Amanye amehlo, uma ekhona, angaba nendawo ehlukile: ngaphambili, phezulu, noma ezinhlangothini ze-cephalothorax. Amehlo anjalo abizwa ngokuthi isesekeli, futhi uma atholakala enkabeni ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-cephalothorax - parietal.
I-cephalothorax ifana nesigaxa kwezinye izinhlobo, kanti kwezinye ifana neklabhu ngokuma. Isisu singaba nezimo ezahlukahlukene: siyindingilizi, siyi-oval, futhi side kakhulu, sicishe sifane nesibungu. Isisu singaba nokuqagela kwe-angular noma izinqubo ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobubunjwa. Kuzicabucabu ze-suborder yesisu se-articular, isisu sibukeka ngokubukeka sinezingxenye ezinhlanu. Kwezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-suborder yezicabucabu zangempela, izinkomba zokuhlukaniswa kwesisu nazo ziye zagcinwa, kepha kuncane kakhulu kunalokho okubhekwa njengalezo ezibhekwa njenge-arthropods zakudala.
Inhloko nesisu kuxhunywe komunye nomunye kusetshenziswa okubizwa nge-stalk - ithubhu elincane nelincane kakhulu.
Isicabucabu sihamba ngosizo lwemilenze eyisishiyagalombili yokuhamba, ngasinye sazo sinezigaba eziyi-7 ezixhunywe komunye nozipho eziqeda ngazo - bushelelezi noma bushelelezi.
Ubukhulu balezi zilwane buyahlukahluka kakhulu: ngokwesibonelo, ubude bezinhlamvu ezincane kunazo zonke ze-oda bungu-0.37 mm, kanti isicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke se-tarantula sifinyelela kubude obufinyelela ku-9 cm, futhi ngokuya ngomlenze - kufika ku-25 cm.
Umbala ezinhlotsheni eziningi unombala onsundu, uhlanjululwe ngamachashaza amhlophe noma amanye amaphethini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane eziningi, izicabucabu zinezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zezingulube: ezibukwayo, i-bile (ebizwa nangokuthi ama-bilins) nama-guanine, yize kungaba khona ezinye izingulube ososayensi abangakakwazi ukuzithola.
Amabhilidi anikeza lezi zilwane umbala onsundu wokukhanya okuhlukahlukene nokugcwala, futhi ama-guanines anesibopho semithunzi emhlophe noma yesiliva. Ngokuqondene nezingulube ezibonakalayo, ziyabonakala ngenxa yokuphinda ukhanye noma ukusabalala kokukhanya. Kukuye ukuthi izicabucabu ezinemibala egqamile, njengokuthi, isibonelo, amapigogo, kufanele akwele imibala eminingi.
Umzimba wesicabucabu, kuye ngohlobo lwawo, ungaba bushelelezi noma umbozwe ama-bristles amaningi, okuthi kwezinye zalezi zilwane abukeke njengoboya obufushane, obukhulu.
Okubalulekile! Abantu abaningi ngephutha bacabanga ngezicabucabu njengezinambuzane, kepha lokhu akunjalo. Izicabucabu yiqembu lama-arachnid angaphansi kohlobo lwe-arthropod. Umehluko wabo omkhulu ezinambuzaneni ubukhona bezinyawo hhayi eziyisithupha, kepha imilenze eyisishiyagalombili.
Indlela yokuphila yesicabucabu
Cishe zonke izicabucabu, ngaphandle kohlobo olulodwa, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi ikakhulukazi ziphila impilo yasemhlabeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke izinhlobo zazo zehlukaniswe zaba ezokuhlala phansi, ezingagijimeli isilwane sazo, kepha, ngemuva kokulengisa iwebhu, ziyayihlobisa ngokuyiqamekela, nezilahlekile, ezingakhi i-web, futhi ekufuneni inyamazane zingakwazi ukumboza amabanga abalulekile kubo.
Ababoni kahle: kuphela ku-jumping spider, ngenxa yamehlo atholakala emakhanda abo, i-angle yokubuka icishe ilingane nama-degree angama-360. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahhashi anekhono lokuhlukanisa imibala, ukwakheka nobukhulu bezinto futhi abale ngokunembile ibanga lawo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezicabucabu ezizulazulayo zihola indlela yokuphila yokuzingela esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, amahhashi afanayo ayakwazi ukugxuma ebangeni elidlula kakhulu ubude bemizimba yabo.
Izicabucabu eziluka amanetha okubamba futhi zizisebenzisele ukuzingela izinambuzane noma ezinye izilwane ezincane ngokuvamile azisebenzi kangako. Azinawo amandla okuxhuma anjalo, futhi zikhetha ukulinda inyamazane yazo, zihleli ziqamekele, futhi kuphela lapho iwela kuwebhu lapho zigijimela khona.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezicabucabu azinolaka: azishayi kwiwebhu noma izidleke zezinye izilwane nabantu abadlula kuzo, kepha zingahlasela uma ziphazamisekile.
Eziningi zalezi zilwane zihlala zodwa. Kodwa-ke, abamele ezinye izinhlobo bayakwazi ukudala amaqembu ezenhlalo amakhulu kakhulu, angabandakanya abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ngokunokwenzeka, la maqembu ezicabucabu awalutho ngaphandle kwemindeni emikhulu, eyakhiwe ngenxa yokuthi izicabucabu ezincane, ngasizathu simbe esaziwa yibo kuphela, zahlala ziseduze nesidleke sazo sendabuko futhi zaqala ukulengisa amanetha azo okubamba eceleni konina. Vele, izicabucabu ziyizilwane ezingaphansi komphakathi kune, ngokwesibonelo, izintuthwane noma izinyosi. Kepha futhi bangasebenza ndawonye, ngokwesibonelo, bahlangane ndawonye empangweni enkulu, umuntu ongeke akwazi ukuyinqoba. Futhi, abahlali bamakoloni wesicabucabu angakwazi ukunakekela inzalo ngokubambisana.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabo kukhona labo abangabizwa ngokuthi ama-drones: abazingeli kanye namanye amalungu ekoloni, kepha lapho behlukanisa inyamazane, bangabonakala ngaphambili. Abantu ababamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuzingeleni abaphikisi kulokhu kuziphatha futhi ngokungangabazeki bahlanganyela inyamazane yabo nabo, babanikeze izingcezu ezihamba phambili.
Ososayensi namanje abazi ukuthi siyini isizathu salokhu kuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwezicabucabu: ngemuva kwakho konke, abathambekele kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni inyamazane yabo nanoma ngubani nje. Ngokusobala, laba "bavilapha" banendima yabo, ngokungangabazeki, ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yonkana ikoloni.
Izicabucabu zikhula njalo, kepha ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wazo umbozwe ulwelwesi oluminyene lwe-chitinous, zingakhula kuze kube yilapho ukukhula kwazo kumiswa yi-exoskeleton. Lapho nje isilwane sikhula silingana nolwelwesi lwe-chitinous, siqala ukuncibilika. Phambi kwakhe, isicabucabu siyeke ukudla bese siphuthuma sicashe endaweni yokukhosela ukuze kungabikho muntu ozomphazamisa ngenkathi ekhipha "isikhumba" sakhe esidala futhi esithola esisha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubukeka kwayo kuguquka kancane: imilenze ithola umthunzi omnyama, futhi isisu sibonakala sibuyela emuva, ukuze isiqu esiyixhuma ne-cephalothorax sicaciswe kahle.
Esigabeni sokuqala se-molting, i-hemolymph iphonswa engxenyeni engaphambili yomzimba, ngenxa yokuthi isisindo sayo siphindwe kabili, nengcindezi exoskeleton e-chitinous ayifinyeleli kuma-200 mbar. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubonakala sengathi kunwebekile ngandlela thile, yingakho imibimbi ibonakala esiswini sesicabucabu. Ngemuva kwalokho ikhava e-chitinous iqhuma ezinhlangothini futhi isisu sikhishwa okokuqala ngaphansi kwaso. Ngemuva kwalokho, isicabucabu sikhipha i-cephalothorax futhi, ekugcineni, imilenze egobolondweni elidala.
Futhi lapha ingozi enkulu imlindele: ingozi yokungakwazi ukuzikhulula "esikhunjeni" esidala. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi ye-hemolymph, ukuvuvukala kwezitho kwenzeka, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuzikhipha kulwelwesi oludala lwe-chitinous. Ama-bristles asemilenzeni, atholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezicabucabu, nawo angaba nzima kakhulu esigabeni sokugcina se-molting. Kulokhu, isilwane sizokufa nakanjani. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, khona-ke ngemuva kokuthi isicabucabu sikhiphe imilenze yaso esikhunjeni esidala, ekugcineni, ngosizo lokuvula umlomo ne-chelicera, siyazihlanza kanye nezinsimbi zomlenze ezinsaleni zegobolondo elidala.
Inqubo ye-molting uqobo, kuya ngohlobo nobungako besilwane, ithatha ukusuka emizuzwini eyi-10 kuye emahoreni amaningana. Isikhathi esithile isicabucabu esincibilikisiwe sihlala endaweni yokukhosela, ngoba igobolondo elisha le-chitinous lisathambile futhi alikwazi ukusebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Kepha lapho nje isikhumba se-chitinous siqina, isicabucabu sishiya indawo yokukhosela futhi sibuyele endleleni yaso yokuphila yangaphambilini.
Izicabucabu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isikhathi esiphilwa yizinhlobo eziningi asidluli onyakeni owodwa. Kodwa-ke, izicabucabu ze-tarantula zingaphila iminyaka eyi-8-9. Futhi omunye wabo, owayehlala ekuthunjweni eMexico, wabeka umlando wangempela lapho ephila waze waba neminyaka engama-26 ubudala. Ngokuya ngemininingwane engaqinisekisiwe, ama-tarantula angaphila iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ibizwa kakhulu. Abesilisa, njengomthetho, bancane kunabesifazane, futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, umehluko ngosayizi ubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba abamele ubulili obuhlukile bangaphanjaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kepha izicabucabu zesiliva ezihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi zivame ukuba nabesilisa abakhulu kunabesifazane. Futhi kumahhashi amaningi, abantu bobulili obuhlukile bacishe balingane ngosayizi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa banemilenze emide, okungamangalisi: ngemuva kwakho konke, yibo abafuna abesifazane, hhayi okuphambene nalokho, ngakho-ke bamane badinga izindlela zokunyakaza okusheshayo, okuyimilenze yabo emide.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isicabucabu sowesilisa sepikoko esihlala empumalanga ye-Australia naseTasmania sinomzimba odwetshiwe ngemibala egqamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani nokuphuzi, kanti izicabucabu zazo zibukeka zinesizotha kakhulu.
Ulwembu lwesicabucabu
Kuyimfihlo eqina emoyeni, efihlwa yizindlala zesicabucabu ezisekugcineni kwesisu sezicabucabu. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kufana nosilika wezinambuzane wemvelo.
Ngaphakathi komzimba wesilwane, iwebhu iyiprotheni engamanzi ehlanganiswe nama-amino acid afana ne-glycine noma i-alanine. Ima ngaphandle kwamashubhu amaningi obulembu, uketshezi luketshezi luyaqina emoyeni lube yimicu. Iwebhu ifana ngamandla nenayiloni, kepha kungaba nzima ukuyikhama noma ukuyelula. Iwebhu nayo ine-hinge yangaphakathi. Ungazungezisa into emiswe kuyo uzungeze i-eksisi yayo, kepha intambo ayisoze yaphenduka.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, abesilisa bezinhlobo ezithile bakhipha iwebhu emakwe ngama-pheromones. Ngokuya ngalokhu, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi inhloso yokuqala yewebhu kwakungeyona neze ukuyisebenzisela ukuzingela, kepha ukuheha abesifazane nokwakha umfece weqanda.
Abamele abaningi balo mngcele ongaphansi, abahlala emigodini, bagcwala izindonga zangaphakathi zamakhaya abo ngezihluthu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izicabucabu ze-Orb zokwaluka zenza izidumbu zazo ukuze zidukise umhlaseli ongahle abe khona. Ukuze benze lokhu, bazakhela ukufana kwabo, besebenzisa amaqabunga namagatsha aboshwe ngezindwangu.
Izicabucabu zesiliva ezihlala emadanyini zakha izindawo zokufihla ngaphansi kwamanzi ezivela ezindlini zamabele, ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "izinsimbi". Kepha ama-tarantula adinga iwebhu ukuze isilwane sikwazi ukuhlala endaweni eshelelayo.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zisasebenzisa ama-cobwebs ukwakha amanetha okubamba. Kuzicabucabu ezingezansi, kubukeka kulula futhi kungazikhukhumezi. Okuphakeme, noma kunjalo, kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele ekwakhiweni kwawo: kanye nemicu eqinile ye-radial, kukhona nomoya ojikelezayo othambile futhi ongaqinile noma onzima.
Futhi kuwebhu yezinhlobo ezithile ze-araneomorphic, imicu ihlanganiswe, yakha, ngokuhlangana nemicu yewebhu uqobo, amaphethini ngesimo seziphambano, ama-zigzags noma ama-spirals.
Izinhlobo eziningi zesicabucabu zihlukaniswa ngolaka lwe-intraspecific futhi zivikela ngokuqinile i-web yazo ekuhlaselweni kwabantu abangaziwa bezinhlobo zazo. Kepha kanye nalokhu, phakathi kwezinhlobo zezenhlalo zalezi zilwane, kukhona amanetha avamile okubanjwa enziwe ngama-cobwebs, asatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwamashumi amamitha ayisikwele.
Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu basebenzisa iwebhu njenge-hemostatic and wound agent agent, ngaphezu kwalokho, baze benza nezingubo ngayo.
Isicabucabu manje sesingumthombo wokhuthazo kubasunguli besimanje abasebenza ekwakhiweni kwezinto zokwakha ezintsha nezinye izinto.
Ubuhlungu besicabucabu
Ngokuya ngomthelela wabo emzimbeni, ubuthi obufihlwa yizicabucabu buhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Neurotoxic. Itholakala kwizicabucabu ezivela emndenini we-shades - karakurt nabafelokazi abamnyama. Lo shevu uthinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ubuhlungu ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa buncane, buqhathaniswa nephini. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10-60, ukuqubuka nobuhlungu obunzima buqala, kanti uphawu lwesici ukushuba kwemisipha yesisu, okungaholela ekusolisweni okungamanga kwe-peritonitis. Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo, ukuphefumula okuncane, i-tachycardia, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, i-bronchospasm, nokwenyuka okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi nakho kungavela. Ukuluma okunjalo kungahle kubulale ngenxa yokubanjwa ukuphefumula, inhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwezinso. Ubuhlungu buyadamba kungakapheli amahora ayi-12 ngemuva kokulunywa, kepha bungaphinde bube buhlungu futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-Necrotic. Kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni zomndeni we-sicariid, njengesicabucabu sesihlabathi esinamehlo ayisithupha nama-loxosceles. Lesi sihlungu siqukethe into ye-dermonecrotic kwesinye isikhathi eholela ekwakhiweni kwe-necrosis ezungeze indawo yokuluma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphezu kwesibazi esibabayo endaweni lapho kungabonakala khona isicabucabu, isicanucanu, umkhuhlane, i-hemolysis, i-thrombocystopenia kanye ne-malaise ejwayelekile. Uma inani lobuthi obangene emzimbeni belincane, i-necrosis ingahle ingaqali. Kepha ezimweni lapho umthamo wobuthi ubalulekile, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nesilonda se-necrotic esinobubanzi obufinyelela ku-25 cm nokuningi. Ukuphulukisa kuhamba kancane, isikhathi saso sithatha izinyanga ezi-3-6, futhi emva kwalokho, njengomthetho, kuhlala isibazi esikhulu esidangele.
Okubalulekile! Isihlungu sesicabucabu siphathwa nge-serum ekhethekile, enikezwa emahoreni okuqala ngemuva kokulunywa.
Azikho izicabucabu ezinobuthi nakancane emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, iningi lazo alihlukaniswanga yisimo esinolaka, futhi imihlathi yaso ibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ingaluma ngesikhumba somuntu. Kwezicabucabu eziyingozi ezitholakala endaweni yaseRussia, kufanele kuphawulwe kuphela i-karakurt, ekhethe izifunda eziseningizimu zezwe.
I-Krestoviki, izicabucabu zasendlini nabanye abameleli abavamile bezilwane zaseRussia abalimazi abantu, ngakho-ke, akudingeki besabe, noma ngisho nangaphezulu, ukubabhubhisa.
Izinhlobo zesicabucabu
Ukuhleleka kwesicabucabu kufaka phakathi izinkulungwane ezingama-46 eziphilayo kanye nezinhlobo ezicishe zibe yizinkulungwane eziyi-1,1 ezingasekho. Kubandakanya ama-suborder amabili amakhulu:
- Izicabucabu ze-arthropod, ezibandakanya umndeni owodwa, ofaka uhlobo lwesishiyagalombili lwesimanje kanye nezine ezingasekho.
- I-Suborder Opisthothelae, efaka izicabucabu ze-araneomorphic kanye nama-tarantula. Eyokuqala yalezi infraorder ifaka imindeni engama-95 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-43,000, kanti eyesibili ifaka imindeni eyi-16 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2 800.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yilezi zigcawu ezilandelayo ezingaphansi kwalezi zinto ezingaphansi:
- Abaphilayo. Kusatshalaliswe e-Southeast Asia. Ubude bomzimba besifazane buba phakathi kuka-9 kuye ku-30 mm; abesilisa balolu hlobo, njengezinye izicabucabu eziningi, bancane.Njengamanye ama-arthropods, isisu se-Lifistii sinezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuhlukaniswa. Lezi zigcawu zihlala emigodini ekujuleni okukhulu, kuyilapho ubulembu besicabucabu obuyindilinga busebenza njengeminyango yazo, abazifihla ngobuciko ngobulembu noma ngomhlaba. I-Lifistii yasebusuku: bachitha izinsuku emigodini, kuthi ebusuku, besebenzisa imicu yesiginali, bazingela amanye ama-invertebrate, njenge-woodlice noma izinambuzane.
- UMaratus volans. Uhlobo lomndeni wesicabucabu esigxumayo esihlala e-Australia. Idume ngombala wayo ogqamile kakhulu wesisu, kanye nangokwesiko laso elingavamile lokuqomisana, lapho abesilisa (empeleni, bodwa banombala ogqamile, kuyilapho abesifazane bependwe ngemibala e-grey-brown) kubonakala sengathi badansa phambi kwezinsikazi. Kepha labo, uma bengamthandi umnumzane, ngaphandle kokungabaza, bangambamba bamudle.
- U-goliath odla izinyoni. Isicabucabu senyoni esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lesi sakhamuzi saseNingizimu Melika sihlala emigodini enezindwangu zomhlanga ngaphakathi. Ubude bomzimba besifazane balezi zinhlobo bufinyelela ku-10 cm, kanti kwabesilisa - 8.5 cm.Umlenze wemilenze ufinyelela ku-28 cm.I-cephalothorax nesisu kuyindilinga futhi kucishe kulingane ngosayizi, umbala walesi spider awukhanyi ngokukhethekile - nsundu. Ubukhulu obukhulu balesi sigcawu busenza sithakazelise kakhulu kwizicabucabu. Kepha ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwesicabucabu se-goliath ezindaweni lapho sihlala khona nobunzima bokuthola inzalo kuso ekuthunjweni kukwenza kube yinto engavamile kakhulu njengesilwane esifuywayo.
E-Australia, kanye naseFlorida naseCalifornia, kuhlala esinye isicabucabu esimangazayo - iwebhu enameva. Sibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi isisu saso esiyisicaba, esinemibala egqamile sinezinsipho eziyisithupha ezinkulu kakhulu, ezifana nemisebe yezinkanyezi. Umbala walesi silwane uhlukile: omhlophe, ophuzi, obomvu noma owolintshi, futhi ubukhulu bewebhu obuvela kuwebhu bungafinyelela ku-30 cm ububanzi.
Indawo yokuhlala
Lezi zilwane zitholakala yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica nezinye izifunda ezimbozwe yiqhwa unyaka wonke. Azikho nakwezinye iziqhingi eziqhelile, lapho bezingakwazi ukufinyelela khona. Iningi lezinhlobo zihlala ezifundeni ze-equatorial kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi, emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Bahlala emigodini engaphansi komhlaba, emifantwini yeziqu zemithi, phakathi kwamagatsha namahlamvu. Zingahlala kunoma yimiphi imifantu nezikhala, futhi zivame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamatshe. Izinhlobo eziningi zezicabucabu zikhethe abantu njengendawo yazo yokuhlala, lapho zizizwa zikhululekile khona.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zomhlaba, isicabucabu sesiliva kuphela kanye nezinye izicabucabu ezizingela ebusweni bamanzi ezikhethe isakhi samanzi njengendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Ukudla kwesicabucabu
Izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, zenza ingxenye enkulu yokudla. Yizinambuzane ezingama-dipteran ezivame ukundizela kuwebhu futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, zibe yizisulu zazo.
Ngokuvamile, "imenyu" incike kwisizini nendawo yokuhlala. Isibonelo, lezo zesicabucabu ezihlala emigodini engaphansi komhlaba zivame ukuzingela amabhungane ne-orthoptera. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, azinqabi izikelemu noma iminenke. Ezinye zalezi zilwane ezidlayo aziphikisi ukuzitika ngohlobo lwazo: kuyenzeka ukuthi zidle izicabucabu zezinye izinhlobo, kuyilapho izicabucabu zesiliva ezihlala emizimbeni yamanzi zizingela izinambuzane zasemanzini nezibungu zazo, izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi kanye nongwane.
Kodwa ukudla kwe-tarantula yiyona ehlukahlukene kakhulu, kufaka phakathi:
- Izinyoni ezincane.
- Amagundane amancane.
- Ama-Arachnids.
- Izinambuzane.
- Inhlanzi.
- Ama-Amphibians.
- Izinyoka ezincane.
Izihlathi zesicabucabu azihlonyiwe ngamazinyo, futhi uhlelo lokugaya aluklanyelwe ukugaya ukudla okuqinile. Yingakho lezi zilwane zinezinhlobo zokudla okunomsoco okhethekile.
Ngemuva kokubulala isisulu ngoshevu, isicabucabu sifaka ujusi wokugaya emzimbeni waso, eklanyelwe ukuncibilikisa ingaphakathi lamagciwane angenamathambo. Ngemuva kokuqala kokuncibilika kwesidlo esizayo, isilwane siqala ukusimunca, sinezela ingxenye yejusi lokugaya futhi lapho kudingeka. Ngenxa yokuthi le nqubo ithatha isikhathi esiningi, ukudla kwesicabucabu kuvame ukwelulwa izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izicabucabu zizalanisa ngokocansi, ngenkathi ukukhulelwa kungaphakathi, kepha kungaqondile.
Izinhlobo eziningi zinemikhuba yokuqomisana ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha ezinye zazo azinawo umkhuba wokuqomisa umuntu wesifazane: zimane zishade ngaphandle komcimbi omningi.
Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ama-pheromones afihliwe insikazi adlala indima enkulu ekuheheni oshade naye. Kungokubanuka lapho abesilisa bethola abalingani babo besikhathi esizayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye izicabucabu zethula abesifazane ngohlobo lwesipho: impukane noma esinye isinambuzane esimbozwe ngezimbumba, kanti owesilisa akakwenzi lokhu ngenxa yesifiso sokujabulisa le ntokazi, kodwa ukugwema ukufa emihlathini yakhe.
Kwezinye izinhlobo, kuyisiko ukwenza uhlobo lomdanso phambi kowesifazane, ukuheha ukunakwa komlingani.
Ngemuva kokuba usiko seluphothuliwe futhi ukuvundiswa kwenzeka, abesifazane bezinye izicabucabu badla abalingani babo, kepha iningi labesilisa lisakwazi ukugwema isiphetho sokudliwa ngumlingani wabo.
Izicabucabu zenza izinto ezahlukahlukene ngamaqanda: izicabucabu ze-hay, ngokwesibonelo, zibabeka ngamaqoqo amancane emhlabathini, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zakha amakhokho akhethekile angabamba amaqanda afinyelela ku-3000.
Izicabucabu zichanyuselwa sezakhiwe ngokuphelele, yize zihlukile ngombala kubantu abadala. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane, abesifazane bezinhlobo ezithile bazinakekela isikhashana. Ngakho-ke, isicabucabu sempisi siyazithwala sisodwa, futhi abesifazane bezinye izinhlobo bahlanganyela inyamazane namazinyane. Imvamisa, izicabucabu zinakekela izingane zazo kuze kube se-molt yazo yokuqala, ngemuva kwalokho sezikwazi ukuzinakekela.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokwemvelo, izicabucabu zinezitha eziningi ezingaphikisani nokuzidla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinyoni, kanye nezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla: ama-amphibians kanye nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo (isibonelo, ama-salamanders, ama-geckos, ama-iguana), kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo (isibonelo, ama-hedgehogs noma amalulwane). Ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu, ezinjengama-mimetid, zondla kuphela izicabucabu zezinye izinhlobo. Izinambuzane zasezindaweni ezishisayo nezintuthwane nazo aziphuthelwa yithuba lokuzizingela.
Abantu abadala bezinhlobo ezithile zeminyovu abazidli izicabucabu ngokwabo, kodwa baziphendula zibe uhlobo lokugcina lokudla lwenzalo yabo.
Zikhubaza izisulu zazo futhi ziyise esidlekeni sazo, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda ngaphakathi kwemizimba yazo. Izibungu ezichanyuselwe zihola indlela yokuphila yezimuncagazi, empeleni zidla isicabucabu ngaphakathi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Akunakwenzeka ukubala ukuthi zingaki izicabucabu ezikhona emhlabeni. Njengamanje, cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-46 zezinhlobo zazo ziyaziwa. Iningi lazo liphephe impela, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Lezi izinhlobo ikakhulukazi ezihlala ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo, njenge, isibonelo, umhume waseHawaii spider spider ohlala kuphela esiqhingini saseHawaii iKauai, esanikezwa isikhundla "sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala".
Esinye isimo esihlala esiqhingini esingahlalwa muntu saseDeserta Grande, esiseduze neMadeira, naso esomndeni wezicabucabu zempisi, njengamanje sisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele: isibalo saso singabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-4 000 kuphela.
Enye yama-tarantula amahle kakhulu futhi anemibala egqamile futhi iyinhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa. Kubuye kube khona: kutholakala kuphela esifundazweni saseNdiya sase-Andhra Pradesh. Indawo esencane vele yalolu hlobo yehle kakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu, ngenxa yalokho ongabhekana nokuqothulwa okuphelele.
Isicabucabu sezinhlobo "zomzingeli onemigqa", esasakazeke impela eYurophu, saba nenhlanhla uma siqhathaniswa naso. Kodwa-ke, nayo ingaphansi kokuvikelwa futhi inikezwe isimo se-Vulnerable Species.
Ingozi kubantu
Yize ukulunywa ezinye izicabucabu kungaholela ekufeni kwabantu nezilwane ezifuywayo, ingozi yezicabucabu ivame ukuba nehaba kakhulu. Eqinisweni, bambalwa babo abanolaka kangangokuba baqala ukugijimela kumuntu ohamba ngokuthula noma omi eduze. Izinhlobo eziningi zibonisa ulaka kuphela uma zona noma izingane zazo zisengozini. Ngisho nomfelokazi omnyama odumile noma i-karakurt ngeke ahlasele ngaphandle kwesizathu: imvamisa bamatasa kakhulu ngebhizinisi labo ukunaka abantu, ngaphandle uma bona uqobo bezama ukubalimaza.
Njengomthetho, izingozi ezihambisana nezicabucabu zenzeka lapho umuntu ezama ukubamba isicabucabu noma, ngokwesibonelo, ecekela phansi iwebhu yaso, noma emane nje enganakile futhi, engaqapheli isicabucabu esincathayo, asichoboze ngephutha.
Kuyiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi njengoba izicabucabu zinobuthi, kusho ukuthi yizilwane eziyingozi ezidinga ukubhujiswa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lezi zidalwa zinikeza usizo oluyigugu kubantu, zehlisa kakhulu inani lezinambuzane eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi lezo ezithwala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Uma izicabucabu zinyamalala, khona-ke i-biosphere yoMhlaba izothathwa njengokushaywa okuchobozayo, uma kungenjalo okuyingozi, ngoba akukho simiso semvelo esiphila kuyo esingaba khona ngaphandle kwazo. Yingakho abantu kufanele banakekele ukuthi inani lalezi zilwane eziwusizo alinciphi, futhi indawo yokuhlala ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ezikhona manje ayinciphi.
