Inganekwane ithi ngesinye isikhathi, imimoya emibi yathumela isiqalekiso esibi kubantu abahlala emhlabeni, abaningi bafa ngenxa yezifo ezibuhlungu. Abantu baqala ukuthandazela usizo konkulunkulu, izulu labazwela abahluphekayo lathumela isithunywa sabo emhlabeni - abanamandla ibhubesi elimhlophe, owathi ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe wafundisa abantu ukuthi bangalwa kanjani nezifo futhi wathembisa ukuthi uzobavikela ezikhathini ezinzima. Inkolelo ithi uma nje amabhubesi amhlophe ekhona emhlabeni, ayikho indawo yokuhlupheka nokuphelelwa yithemba ezinhliziyweni zabantu.
Amabhubesi amhlophe - manje sekuyiqiniso, kepha muva nje zibhekwe njengenganekwane enhle, ngoba azange zivele emvelweni. Ngo-1975, ososayensi ababili-abacwaningi abafunda ngezilwane zase-Afrika futhi bachitha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka befuna imikhondo yokuba khona kwamabhubesi amhlophe, ngenhlanhla bathola amawundlu amathathu amhlophe qhwa anamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, azalwa yingonyamakazi ebomvu. Amawundlu ebhubesi abekwa esiqiwini ukuze kuzalwe kabusha uhlobo lwenkosi yezilo yodumo - ibhubesi elimhlophe.
Njengamanje, kunabantu abangamakhulu amathathu emhlabeni, lolu hlobo, olulahlekelwe isintu. Manje ibhubesi elimhlophe akusona isilwane esiphila emathafeni ase-Afrika, izingonyama ezidumile ziyavikelwa futhi zakhiwa izimo ezikahle zokuzalela eziqiwini emhlabeni jikelele.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Amabhubesi angaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwezilwane ezidlayo, umndeni wekati. Banoboya obufushane, umbala omhlophe njengeqhwa obumnyama kancane kancane kusukela ekuzalweni kwesilwane bese kuthi umuntu omdala abe yindlovu. Emphethweni womsila, ibhubesi elimhlophe linentshakaza encane, elimnyama kubazalwane ababomvu.
Ubude besilisa bomzimba bungafinyelela cishe ku-330 cm, ingonyamakazi, njengomthetho, incane kancane - 270 cm. Isisindo sebhubesi elimhlophe iyahluka kusuka ku-190 kuye ku-310 kg. Amabhubesi ahlukaniswa nabesifazane ngomhlwenga omkhulu wezinwele ezinyene nezinde, oqala ukukhula ekhanda, ezinhlangothini zesifonyo bese udlula kahle esigabeni sehlombe. Ubukhazikhazi bemane bunikeza inkosi yezilwane ukubukeka okuhle futhi okunamandla; iyakwazi ukuheha abesifazane nokwesabisa izimbangi zesilisa.
Kuyafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi lezi zilwane akuzona ama-albino. Kukhona amabhubesi amhlophe anamehlo womabili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nalagolide. Ukuntuleka kombala kumbala wesikhumba kanye nejazi kukhombisa ukungabikho kofuzo olukhethekile.
Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 edluleamabhubesi amhlophe ase-afrika baphila phakathi kwezikhala ezingapheli zeqhwa neqhwa. Futhi yingakho anombala omhlophe njengeqhwa, owawusebenza njengesifihla esihle kakhulu lapho uzingela. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni, amabhubesi amhlophe aseyizakhamizi zase-steppes futhi agubuzele emazweni ashisayo.
Ngenxa yombala wayo okhanyayo, ibhubesi liba yisilwane esisengozini kakhulu, okuthi ngesikhathi sokuzingela, lingakwazi ukufihla ngokwanele ukuthola inani elifanele lokudla.
Futhi kwabazingela ngokungemthetho, isikhumba esikhanyayo sesilwane siyindebe ebaluleke kakhulu. Amabhubesi anombala "ongajwayelekile" onjalo wemvelo, kunzima kakhulu ukufihla otshanini futhi ngenxa yalokho angaba yizisulu zezinye izilwane.
Okukhulu kakhulu inani lamabhubesi amhlophe itholakala entshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika esiqiwini esikhulu iSambona Nature Reserve. Kubo, nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile, eziseduze kakhulu nezindawo zemvelo zasendle zenziwe.
Umuntu akaphazamisi izinqubo zokukhethwa kwemvelo, ukuzingela nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwabakhileyo endaweni evikelekile. Izindawo zokugcina izilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emazweni omhlaba, njengeJalimane, iJapane, iCanada, iRussia, iMalaysia, kanye ne-United States, zigcina lesi silwane esidume ngezindawo zaso ezivulekile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Lezi zinhle, ezethulwe ku-isithombe amabhubesi amhlophe, ikakhulukazi bahlala emaqenjini amakhulu - ukuziqhenya. Ngokuyinhloko amabhubesikazi akhulisa inzalo futhi azingele, kuthi abesilisa bagade ukuziqhenya nensimu. Ngemuva kokuqala kokuthomba, abesilisa bayaxoshwa emindenini futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana abanamandla kunabo bonke bazidala.
Umndeni owodwa onjalo ungaqukatha owesilisa oyedwa kuya kwabathathu, abesifazane abambalwa kanye nenzalo encane yabo bobabili ubulili. Izilwane ziqoqa izilwane ngokuhlanganyela, zabe izindima ngokusobala. Amabhubesikazi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuzingeleni, ngoba ashesha futhi ahamba kakhulu.
Iduna lingasabisa nje inyamazane ngokubhonga okusongelayo, esivele isilinde ngokuqamekela. Amabhubesi amhlophe angalala kuze kufike emahoreni angama-20 ngosuku, ebhasikidi emthunzini wezihlahla futhi esakaza izihlahla.
Insimu yokuziqhenya yindawo laphoamabhubesi amhlophe ayazingela... Uma esinye sezilwane zemindeni yamanye amabhubesi singena kulo mhlaba, kungahle kube nempi phakathi kokuziqhenya.
Ukudla kwebhubesi elimhlophe
Ukudla kwansuku zonke komuntu wesilisa omdala kuyinyama, imvamisa yesilwane esingafakwanga (inyathi noma indlulamithi) kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-30 kg. Amabhubesi yizilwane ezinesineke kakhulu ezikwaziyo ukudla kanye ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi zingaphila ngaphandle kokudla amasonto ambalwa.
Ukudla ibhubesi elimhlophe kuyisiko elithile. Umholi wesilisa wokuziqhenya udla kuqala, bese kuthi bonke abanye, abancane badle ekugcineni. Owokuqala ukudla inhliziyo yempango, bese kuba yisibindi nezinso, bese kuba inyama nenyama yesikhumba. Baqala ukudla kuphela uma owesilisa oyinhloko esegcwele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sebhubesi elimhlophe
Amabhubesi amhlophe ayakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke. Ukuzala kombungu kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-3.5 kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwenzalo, ibhubesikazi lishiya ukuziqhenya, emhlabeni liyakwazi ukuzala lisuka kwelinye kuya kwamane amawundlu ebhubesi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, insikazi namazinyane ayo ibuyela ekuziqhenyeni.
Ukuzalwa kwenzalo kwenzeka cishe ngasikhathi sinye kubo bonke abesifazane, lokhu kunegalelo ekuvikelweni okuhlangene kwamazinyane ezingonyama futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukufa kwezilwane ezisencane. Ngemuva kokukhula kwenzalo, abesifazane abancane bahlala ekuziqhenyeni, kanti abesilisa, sebeneminyaka emibili kuya kwemine ubudala, bayashiya ukuziqhenya.
Endle, amabhubesi akwazi ukuphila kusuka eminyakeni eyi-13 kuya kwengu-16, kepha abesilisa kuyaqabukela bephila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-11, ngoba, njengoba bexoshiwe ekuziqhenyeni, abakwazi bonke ukuhlala bodwa noma ukuzakhela owabo umndeni.
Ekuthunjweni, amabhubesi amhlophe angaphila kusuka eminyakeni eyi-19 kuye kwengu-30. ERussia, amabhubesi amhlophe ahlala eKrasnoyarsk Park yezimbali nezilwane "iRoev Ruchey" nase "Safari Park" yaseKrasnodar. Amabhubesi amhlophe okubalwe ku-International Incwadi Ebomvu njengezilwane ezisengozini nezisengcupheni, ezingatholakali emvelweni. Kuya ngomuntu kuphela ukuthi ingonyama emhlophe izoba ngokoqobo noma izophinde ibe yinganekwane.
