Izilwane zeRed Data Book: Amur tiger
Ingwe yama-Amur - omele kakhulu umhlaba wezilwane. Emuva maphakathi nekhulu le-19, inani labo labantu lalilikhulu, kodwa ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, kwakubulawa abantu abangaba yikhulu minyaka yonke.
Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe cishe eminyakeni engama-30 yekhulu lama-20, ihlosi lase-Amur lalisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakusele amahlosi angaphansi kwama-50 endaweni ye-USSR.
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zalesi simo:
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi nezihlahlana lapho kwakuhlala khona amahlosi ama-Amur;
- Ukunciphisa inani lezinto zokudla eziyinhloko;
- Ukuqothulwa kwabantu ngabazingela ngokungemthetho.
Esinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni - Ingwe yama-Amur. Incwadi Ebomvu ubelokhu evikela abantu balesi silwane iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ngo-Ephreli 2007, ngokusho kochwepheshe beWorld Wildlife Fund, inani lamahlosi e-Amur lafinyelela inani elifanayo eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Mayelana nalokhu, okwamanje ingwe ayikho onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Ngo-2008 - 2009, kwaba nohambo oluyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-Amur Tiger, okwaholela ekutheni kunqunywe ukuthi abamele abangu-6 balezi zinhlobo bangabalwa endaweni ye-Ussuriysky Reserve. Kuvele nokuthi isilwane sama-amur tiger isebenzisa indawo yayo yokuhlala, engaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili indawo yesigcini sonke.
Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi amahlosi aphumela ngaphandle kwendawo evikelekile, lapho angaba yingozi kakhulu khona. Ukucabangela le datha, kuphakame umbuzo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwendawo evikelekile engaphandle kwendawo yogcino uqobo.
Incazelo yengwe yama-Amur
Ikilasi le-Amur tiger - isilwane esincelisayo. Ungomunye wezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye izilwane emhlabeni wonke. Isisindo sayo singadlula ngisho nama-300 kg. Futhi ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kutholakale abantu abanesisindo esifinyelela ku-390 kg, kepha namuhla kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana nabameleli abakhulu kangaka bama-Amur Ubude bomzimba ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1.6 - 2.9 m, nobude bomsila bungu-1.1 m.
Lezi zilwane ziwuhlobiso lwe-taiga yaseMpumalanga Ekude, kanye nezinto zokukhulekelwa zabantu abaningi. Ingwe yase-Amur iboniswe efulethini nasezingubeni zePrimorsky Territory nakwezinye izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zamadolobha nezifunda eziningi zalesi sifunda.
Isilwane sinezici ezinkulu zomzimba: sikwazi ukuthwala kalula isidumbu esikhulu sehhashi esinesisindo sethani. Ijubane layo lifinyelela ku-80 km / h, okwesibili kuphela kuma-cheetah kule nkomba.
Ingwe ye-Amur inombala wesikhumba omuhle, ofana nomzingeli: kunemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo ngemuva nasemaceleni ngemuva obomvu. Kukhona umbono wokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana okungenani nabantu ababili ngephethini efanayo, ngoba bonke bahlukile. Lo mbala, yize ugqamile, wenza umsebenzi wokufihla.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ihlosi lintula ukuqina. Ukubamba inyamazane, kufanele angene kuso asondele ngangokunokwenzeka, lapho umbala usiza khona, ohlangana notshani obomile.
Bheka isithombe se-Amur tiger, futhi uzozibonela. Ngokwesilinganiso, la mahlosi aphila cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Yize ubude besikhathi sokuphila buyihhafu yekhulu leminyaka, amahlosi, njengomthetho, ayafa ngaphambi kokuguga kwawo.
Izilwane ezidla inyama zidla kuphela ngokudla kwezilwane, imvamisa kakhulu ngokudla okukhulu. Bachitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sabo ekuzingeleni, kepha imizamo yeshumi kuphela yokubamba inyamazane iphela ngempumelelo.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu, izingulube zasendle, kanye nezinyamazane ze-sika yizona zinto eziyinhloko ekudleni kwesilwane. Ukuze umuntu abe khona ngokugcwele ngonyaka, badinga ama-ungulates angaphezu kwama-50.
Ngokushoda kwalesi sikhombisi, izilwane ezidlayo nazo zingazingela izilwane ezincane (izimbila, izinja, imfuyo, njll.) Ingwe ingadla inyama engama-30 kg kanye, futhi inkambiso yayo yansuku zonke icishe ibe yi-10 kg.
Njengama-feline amaningi, ihlosi lama-Amur lithanda impilo yokuphila lodwa. Kukho konke ukubakhona kwayo, umuntu uzikhethela indawo ethile yaleyo ndawo, edlula kuyo kuphela uma kunesidingo sokufuna ukudla. Ingwe ishiya amamaki akhethekile ensimini yayo siqu:
- Ukuchamela umchamo emadwaleni noma ezihlahleni;
- Ama-scrapers kuziza zomhlaba;
- Ingwe idabula amagxolo ezihlahleni ngozipho lwayo.
Indoda endala ivikela isiza sayo kuzivakashi ezingalindelekile, futhi ingahle ixazulule izinto nabanye abantu ngokubhonga. Abesilisa abavamile ukungena empini. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane ezithulile zingahlala zithule iminyaka eminingana.
Izilwane ezizingelayo zizala ngokwesilinganiso kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Abesilisa yizilwane zesithembu ezingakwazi ukufaka abesifazane abaningi endaweni yabo ngasikhathi sinye. Endabeni yokuncintisana namanye amadoda, bayakwazi nokulwa nabaphikisi.
Indawo yokuhlala izingwe ze-Amur
Isihloko esidumile esifundweni sethu - Ingwe yama-Amur. Imibiko ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesihloko lapho kuchazwa khona indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane ezidlayo.
Izilwane zihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia, osebeni lwe-Amur nase-Ussuri, eManchuria, enyakatho ye-DPRK. Ingatholakala ePrimorsky Territory nasempumalanga yeKhabarovsk Territory. Ububanzi babo ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu cishe amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane, futhi ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga - cishe amakhilomitha angama-700. Ama-Tigers ajwayelekile ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseLazovsky sePrimorsky Territory.
Amahlosi ama-Amur akhetha izigodi zemifula esezintabeni ezinenqwaba yezihlahla ezinjenge-oki nomsedari njengezindawo zokuhlala. Noma yimuphi umuntu omdala uhlala ngokuzimela endaweni yomuntu siqu, okungaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-450 wabesifazane kuze kufike kumakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kwabesilisa.
