Ubhejane waseSumatran Isilwane sasendulo esikhulukazi. Namuhla akulula kangako ukuhlangana nayo endaweni yayo yemvelo, ngoba lolu hlobo cishe selusondele ekuqothulweni okuphelele. Inani eliqondile kunzima kakhulu koososayensi bezilwane ukuthola, ngoba izilwane ziphila impilo efihlekile, eyedwa nendawo yazo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu. Yilenhlobo ethathwa njengencane kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke ezikhona emhlabeni, futhi futhi yiyona yodwa emhlabeni enezimpondo ezimbili.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ubhejane waseSumatran
Ubhejane waseSumatran uyisilwane esixakile. Ungummeleli wesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwama-equids, umndeni wobhejane, uhlobo kanye nezinhlobo zobhejane baseSumatran. Kubhekwa njengesilwane sasendulo kakhulu. Ngokwesiphetho sososayensi, ngabamele lolu hlobo okuyizizukulwane zikabhejane onoboya abafa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10 eyedlule, eyayihlala kulo lonke elase-Eurasia.
Ividiyo: ISumatran Rhino
Izinhlobo okungezakho lesi silwane zibizwa ngeDicerorhinus. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini, igama lisho izimpondo ezimbili. Obhejane baseSumatran bahlukaniswe namanye ama-equids ngesikhathi se-Eocene yokuqala. Ukufundwa kwe-DNA yalesi silwane kuphakamisa ukuthi okhokho besilwane bahlukaniswe nokhokho abakude bomndeni we-equine cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 edlule.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu ezingabamele lolu hlobo zibonisa ukuthi izilwane zazikhona eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-17-24 edlule. Ososayensi abafikanga esivumelwaneni futhi abakwazanga ukwakha kabusha isithombe esiphelele sokuvela kobhejane.
Mayelana nalokhu, kunemibono eminingi yokuziphendukela kwezilwane. Owokuqala usho ngobudlelwano obusondelene nezinhlobo zobhejane zase-Afrika, lapho bathola khona uphondo oluphindwe kabili. Owesibili uthi ngobudlelwano neNdiya, okufakazelwa ukuhlangana kwendawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo. Umbono wesithathu awuqinisekisi noma yikuphi okwedlule futhi usekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kofuzo. Uveza ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla zehlukile futhi azihlobene neze ngandlela thile.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ososayensi bathole ubudlelwane obusondelene phakathi kweSumatran nobhejane abanoboya. Zivele ngesikhathi se-Upper Pleistocene futhi zanyamalala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi edlule.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubhejane waseSumatran ngokwemvelo
Obhejane baseSumatran bangabancane kunabo bonke obhejane abasemhlabeni. Izici eziyinhloko zokubukeka: Ukuphakama komzimba ekubuneni kwabantu abahlukahlukene kungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-115 kuye kwayi-150. Lolu hlobo lobhejane lubonakala ngokubonakala kwe-dimorphism yezocansi. Abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa, futhi isisindo sabo somzimba sincane. Ubude bomzimba busuka kumasentimitha angu-240 kuya kwangu-320. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-900-2000 kilograms. Usayizi wesilinganiso womuntu ngamunye ukala ikakhulu ama-1000-1300 kilograms.
Ubhejane waseSumatran unezimpondo ezimbili. Uphondo lwangaphakathi noma lwamakhala lufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15-30 ubude. Uphondo lwangemuva lincane kunophondo lwangaphakathi. Ubude bayo abuvamile ukudlula amasentimitha ayi-10. Izimpondo zabesilisa zihlala zinde futhi zijiyile kunalezo zabesifazane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emlandweni, umuntu onophondo lwamakhala waqoshwa, ubude bawo bafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-81. Leli yirekhodi eliphelele.
Umzimba kabhejane unamandla, mkhulu, unamandla kakhulu. Kuhlanganiswe nemilenze emifushane, ewugqinsi, umbono wokuqina nokuxakaniseka wenziwa. Kodwa-ke, akunjalo neze. Umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngamafolda asuka entanyeni aye ezinhlangothini kuya ezithweni zangemuva. Kubamele balolu hlobo, amafolda esikhumba awabonakali kakhulu. Obhejane bangaba nemibala ehlukene yomzimba ngezigaba ezahlukene zempilo yabo. Abantu abadala bampunga ngombala.
Izingane zizalwa zimnyama. Umzimba wabo umbozwe ngoboya bezinwele obumnyama obukhulu, obuqengqeleka njengoba bukhula futhi buba lula. Inhloko kabhejane inkulu kakhulu, inabile. Phezulu kwekhanda kunezindlebe eziyindilinga, ezithombeni zazo okubizwa nge- "tassels". Ngempela lawa asekhondweni lomsila.
Uhlala kuphi ubhejane waseSumatran?
Isithombe: AmaShinatran Rhinoceros aseRed Book
Indawo yemvelo yobhejane inkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla inani lalezi zilwane lehle laya kwelincane, ngokulandelana, futhi indawo yazo yokuhlala inciphe kakhulu. Izilwane zingatholakala ezindaweni eziphansi, ezinamaxhaphozi, ezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezishisayo ezinomswakama, noma nasezintabeni eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-2000 - 2500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Bazizwa bekhululeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamagquma, lapho kunenqwaba yamanzi, okubalulekile kubo.
Izindawo ze-Sumatran rhinoceros:
- Inhlonhlo yaseMalay;
- ISumatra;
- I-Kilimantana.
Ezinye izazi zisikisela ukuthi kunabantu bobhejane eBurma. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lokufakazela noma ukuphikisa le nkolelo aluvumeli izinga lempilo yezwe. Obhejane bathanda kakhulu ukugeza kanye nokubhukuda emaxhaphozini odaka. Futhi bajabulela amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo anezitshalo eziningi eziphansi.
Yonke indawo yabo yokuhlala ihlukaniswe izikwele, ngasinye sazo esomuntu ohlukile noma umbhangqwana. Namuhla obhejane baseSumatran abavamile endaweni yabo yemvelo. Zigcinwa eCincinnati Zoo of America e-Ohio, eBukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Kerinsi Seblat, Gunung Loser.
Udlani ubhejane waseSumatran?
Isithombe: Ubhejane waseSumatran
Isisekelo sokudla kobhejane ukudla kwezitshalo. Umuntu omdala oyedwa udinga ama-50-70 kilograms wemifino ngosuku, kuya ngesisindo somzimba. Lezi zilwane zisebenza kakhulu ngasekuseni, entathakusa, noma ngasekupheleni kosuku, lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, lapho ziphuma ziyofuna ukudla.
Siyini isisekelo sokudla sobhejane baseSumatran:
- amahlumela amasha;
- amahlumela ezihlahla, izihlahla;
- utshani obuluhlaza;
- amahlamvu;
- amagxolo ezihlahla;
- imbewu;
- i-Mango;
- ubhanana;
- amakhiwane.
Ukudla kwesilwane kungafaka izinhlobo ezifika ku-100 zohlaza. Inqwaba yizitshalo ze-euphorbia, i-madder, i-melastoma. Obhejane bazithanda kakhulu izithombo ezisencane zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahlana, ububanzi bazo obusukela kumasentimitha ama-2 kuye kwayi-5. Amahlamvu nawo abhekwa njengesibiliboco osithandayo. Ukuyithola, kwesinye isikhathi izimila ezidla utshani kufanele zincike esihlahleni ngobuningi bazo ukuze zithole futhi zikha amaqabunga.
Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zohlaza ezidingekayo empilweni nasekuphileni kwezilwane ezifundeni ezithile zikhula ngobuncane kakhulu, izilwane zingashintsha ukudla kwazo noma ziye kwezinye izifunda zifuna ukudla. Ukuze isilwane esikhulu kangaka sisebenze ngokujwayelekile, sidinga inani elanele le-fiber namaprotheni.
Usawoti ubalulekile kulezi zilwane. Kungakho-ke bedinga izikhotha zikasawoti noma imithombo yamanzi enosawoti owanele. Akuyona indawo yokugcina ekudleni okuhlala kuyo izinhlobo zezitshalo ezigcwalisa umzimba wesilwane ngamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ubhejane waseSumatran
Obhejane baseSumatran bavame ukuba bodwa. Imvamisa, izilwane zihlala zodwa, kaningi zihlala ngazimbili. Imvamisa ungathola abesifazane abadala nabancane babo. Ngokwemvelo, lezi zilwane ezidla utshani zinhle kakhulu futhi zinokuthula, yize zinamahloni kakhulu futhi ziqaphile. Kusukela zizelwe, izilwane aziboni kahle.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu nosayizi omangalisayo, bayizilwane ezidlalayo nezisheshayo. Bangakwazi ukudlula kalula emahlathini amahlathi, bagijime ngokushesha okukhulu, badabule izintaba nezindawo ezinamagquma, futhi bakwazi ngisho nokubhukuda. Indawo yokuhlala obhejane yehlukaniswe ngemibandela yaba izingxenye ezithile, okungezabantu abahlukene noma ngababili. Wonke umuntu umaka indawo yakhe ngosizo lwendle nokukhuhla inhlabathi ngezinselo zawo. Ngokwesilinganiso, indawo yokuhlala yomuntu wesilisa oyedwa ifinyelela kumamitha-skwele angama-40-50. amakhilomitha, kanti owesifazane akekho ngaphezu kwama-25.
Esimweni sezulu esomile, izilwane zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphansi, ngokuqala kwenkathi yemvula zikhuphuka izintaba. Emini, obhejane abasasebenzi. Zikhetha ukucasha ehlathini. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala nangaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, umsebenzi omkhulu wezitshalo ezidla utshani uyaziwa, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi sosuku lapho bephuma khona beyofuna ukudla. Obhejane baseSumatran, njenganoma yibaphi abanye, bathanda kakhulu ukugeza udaka. Abanye abantu bangachitha ingxenye yesithathu yosuku kule nqubo. Amageza odaka avikela umzimba wesilwane ezinambuzaneni futhi asize ukubekezelela kalula ukushisa kwehlobo.
Obhejane bavame ukuzimbela imigodi yokugeza ngodaka eduze nezindawo zokuphumula. Obhejane abavamile ukukhombisa ukuhlukumeza ezihlotsheni zabo. Uma kunesidingo sokuvikela indawo yabo, kwesinye isikhathi bangalwa, balume.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Sumatran Rhino Cub
Isikhathi sokuthomba siqala kwabesifazane lapho sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5-7. Abantu besilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi kamuva - lapho beneminyaka engu-9-10. Owesifazane oyedwa ovuthiwe ngokobulili angazala ingane engaphezu kweyodwa. Ukubeletha akwenzeki kaningi ngaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni engu-4-6. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuzala kwenziwa ezimweni zemvelo. Ekuthunjweni, abavamile ukuzala. Emlandweni wonke wokuba khona, kuye kwachazwa izimo ezimbalwa kuphela zokuzalwa kwamathole.
Abesifazane abakulungele ukukhwelana baqala ukufafaza umchamo wabo ngomsila. Lapho nje abesilisa bebamba iphunga lakhe, balandela umkhondo wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, bathambekele ekuboniseni ulaka nolaka, futhi kungcono ukungangeni endleleni yabo. Lapho abantu bobulili obuhlukile behlangana, benza umsindo omkhulu. Izilwane zingahogelana isikhathi eside futhi zithinte izinhlangothi zazo ngezimpondo zazo. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane zingashayana ngokungathi sína.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-15-16. Isisindo somntwana osanda kuzalwa singama-20-30 kilograms. Ukuphakama kokubuna akweqi ngamasentimitha angama-65. Ingane ayinazimpondo; kunalokho, ineqhubu elingamasentimitha angu-2-3 ngosayizi. Usana olusanda kuzalwa lumbozwe ngokuphelele ngezinwele ezimnyama, ezikhanya kancane kancane bese zikhuphuka njengoba likhula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izingane zizalwa ziqinile impela futhi ngemuva kwengxenye yehora zingama ngokuzethemba ngezinyawo zazo. Ngemuva kwehora nohhafu, usezokwazi ukugijima.
Ngemuva kwemijaho yobhejane wosana ukuze aqonde umhlaba omzungezile, uyashesha ukuthola ubisi lukanina. Amawundlu aqala ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo ngemuva kwenyanga ezelwe. Ngonyaka owodwa, ubhejane osanda kuzalwa ufinyelela kuma-400-500 kilograms. Insikazi iyaqhubeka nokondla izinyane layo ngobisi lukanina kuze kube unyaka nohhafu.
Izitha zemvelo zikabhejane waseSumatran
Isithombe: Ubhejane Omncane waseSumatran
Ngaphandle kokuthi obhejane baseSumatran bancane kunabo bonke, bayizilwane ezinamandla kakhulu nezinamandla. Mayelana nalokhu, endaweni yayo yemvelo, cishe ayinazo izitha phakathi kwabamele umhlaba wezilwane. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho indlala nobumpofu obedlulele baphoqa ezinye izidalwa ukuzingela ngisho nobhejane.
Izitha zemvelo zikabhejane waseSumatran:
- izingonyama;
- amahlosi;
- nile noma izingwenya ezigqokiwe.
Izilwane ezidla inyama zinganqoba kuphela isilwane esibuthakathaka esikhathele noma esigulayo, noma esimweni lapho kunenqwaba yezilwane ezidlayo. Izinambuzane ezimunca igazi zingenye inkinga. Bangabathwali kanye nama-causative agents wezifo eziningi.
Obhejane abaningi bathinteka ngama-helminths, enza umzimba ube buthakathaka. Isitha esikhulu somuntu ngumuntu. Kwakungumsebenzi wakhe owaholela eqinisweni lokuthi lolu hlobo lwalusengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Abazingeli nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni bayaqhubeka nokucekela phansi izilwane namuhla ngaphandle kokubheka ukuthi zihlala kude nezindawo ezihlala abantu, kanye nobunzima bokucinga kwazo.
Kusukela lapho, cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, udokotela odumile waseChina wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi uphondo oluyimpuphu lunamandla okuphulukisa futhi ludambisa izinhlungu, lwehlisa izinga lokushisa, abantu babulale izilwane ngokungapheli.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubhejane waseSumatran
Namuhla, ubhejane waseSumatran ubhalwe kuRed Book. Wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba sengozini enkulu. Izazi zezilwane zithi azisekho ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili alezi zilwane emhlabeni namuhla. Isizathu esikhulu salesi simo ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Lokhu kwenziwa amanani anyuka njalo wezitho zomzimba wezilwane.
Baqala ukubulala obhejane ngenxa yezimpondo zayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ezinye izitho zomzimba wakhe zaqala ukuba nenani, ngoba kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziyisimangaliso. AmaShayina, ngokwesibonelo, akholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi uphondo oluyimpuphu lukhulisa amandla futhi lwelula nobusha. Inyama yezilwane isetshenziswa emazweni amaningi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenziwa kwemithi elwa nohudo, isifo sofuba nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane libhujisiwe phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, njengoba abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izibhamu. Emakethe emnyama, uphondo lwesilwane lubalelwa ku-45,000 kuya ku-60,000 USD.
Izazi zezilwane zithi esinye isizathu sokuqothulwa kwalezi zilwane ezolimo ezikhula ngokushesha. Mayelana nalokhu, baheha izindawo nezindawo eziningi, okwakuyindawo yemvelo yobhejane baseSumatran. Izilwane zaphoqeleka ukuthi zibheke izindawo ezintsha ezingasetshenziswa ukwakha izindlu.
Lokhu kuchaza ibanga elide lomuntu ngamunye komunye nomunye. Isimo siba nzima ukuthi izilwane azizalanga ezimweni zokufakelwa futhi azali inzalo hhayi ngaphezulu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu futhi azali iduna elilodwa.
Ukongiwa Kwemikhombe yaseSumatran
Isithombe: AmaShinatran Rhinoceros aseRed Book
Ukuze kuvikelwe izilwane ekunyamalaleni okuphelele kweziphathimandla zezifunda lapho kuhlala khona izilwane, ukuzizingela bekuvinjelwe ezingeni lomthetho. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwamanye amazwe ukuzingela obhejane akuvumelekile, kepha ukuhweba ngezitho zomzimba kanye nezinye izingxenye zomzimba wenyamazane kuvunyelwe.
Izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle yezilwane zibamba izingqungquthela ezihlose ukuvikela indawo yemvelo yezilwane. Ososayensi batusa ukumiswa kwamahlathi nokuhlasela kwendawo yemvelo yobhejane baseSumatran. EMelika, abantu abaningana bagcinwa ensimini yamapaki kazwelonke, kepha ubunzima bukhona ekutheni izilwane azizaleli ekuthunjweni. Yonke imizamo yokuthola ipaki yobhejane nokwakha izimo ezifanele zokuzala kwabo ayikaphumelela.
Izazi zezilwane zithi uma inkinga ingazami ukuxazululwa ezingeni leziphathimandla, khona-ke kungekudala lolu hlobo lunganyamalala ngokuphelele. Ososayensi bathi kuyadingeka ukuzama ukumisa ukuhweba ngezitho zomzimba nezitho zomzimba zezilwane, futhi ungazisebenzisi embonini yezemithi nakwezimonyo. Namuhla, kunezindlela eziningi ezingasetshenziswa ukufaka izingxenye zomzimba zikabhejane ngezinto zokwenziwa.
Ubhejane waseSumatran - isilwane esingajwayelekile kodwa esihle futhi esihle. Ukuyibona namuhla endaweni yayo yemvelo cishe akunangqondo, ngoba abantu abasindile bahlala kude kakhulu nezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu nempucuko. Yingakho kudingekile ukuzama ukuxazulula inkinga ngazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/03/2020
Usuku lokuvuselela: 20.02.2020 ngo-23: 28
