Rudd - isilwane esidla amanzi angaphandle (yize sincane) - inhlanzi ihlala emifuleni nasemachibini ahlukene, idla izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu, izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, izikelemu, njll. I-rudd ibizwa ngegama layo ngamaphiko abomvu, yize ezindaweni ezahlukene le nhlanzi inezayo , amagama akhethekile. Amehlo abomvu, anamaphiko abomvu, ama-roach anomunwe obomvu, ihembe, i-magpie, i-chernukha nezinye eziningi, ziqhakambisa kakhulu. Ngokwesigaba sanamuhla, le nhlanzi ingeyesigaba se-ray-finned, umndeni we-carp.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Krasnoperka
Ubomvu buhlukaniswa nomzimba ophakeme, uyisicaba ezinhlangothini, nekhanda elincane. Amazinyo akhe abukhali kakhulu (lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba inhlanzi iyazingela), i-sawtooth futhi ihlelwe ngemigqa emi-2. Isikali se-rudd sikhulu kakhulu, omunye angaze athi - siminyene. Ngokuvamile, i-rudd inezikali ezingama-37-44 ezinhlangothini. Ubude bomzimba obude be-rudd bungafinyelela kuma-50 cm, kanti inhlanzi ayinesisindo esingeqile ku-2-2.1 kg.
Yize ezimeni eziningi kakhulu, ubukhulu nesisindo se-rudd esimaphakathi sincane kakhulu. Lesi sici sichazwa ukuthi i-rudd ingenye yezinhlanzi ezikhula kancane kakhulu (onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila, ubude bomzimba wayo benyukela ku-4.5 mm kuphela), ukuze abantu abadala kuphela nabadala bakwazi ukufinyelela usayizi nobukhulu obukhulu obukhonjisiwe (ngokwemvelo , ngamazinga wezinhlanzi) ngabanye.
Umbala uhlukaniswa ngombala okhanyayo, umhlane wawo unombala onsundu ngombala, ngombala ocwebezelayo, onombala oluhlaza okotshani. Kwamanye ama-subspecies, luhlaza okotshani. Izikali esiswini ziyacwebezela, ziyisiliva, kanti izinhlangothi ziyigolide. Ngokwemvelo, amaphiko e-rudd, ayinike igama lawo, abomvu ngokugqamile. Ngokuphathelene nokuvela kwale nhlanzi, kunephuzu elilodwa elijabulisa kakhulu. Kuseqinisweni lokuthi umbala wabantu abasha awukhanyi njengalowo wama-rudd asebekhulile nabadala. Kungenzeka, lesi sici sichazwa yimininingwane "yokuvuthwa" kwalezi zinhlanzi.
Ividiyo: Krasnoperka
Impilo yama-rudds isukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengu-19. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane - namuhla kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile ze-rudd, ezingafani kuphela ngokubalula kokubukeka kwazo, kepha futhi zikhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene (i-rudd, empeleni, azihlali nje kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi yaseRussia naseYurophu - lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala cishe yonke indawo).
IScardinius erythrophthalmus yisihlava esivamile esitholakala emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi eYurophu naseRussia. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela kuma-25 cm, kanti isisindo sakhe singu-400 g. Akuvamile kakhulu, uma kungaphezu kwalokho. Kepha ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncane nokuqapha okungokwemvelo, le nhlanzi ithandwa kakhulu kubadobi be-amateur.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isiqubu
Imvamisa, ngisho nabadobi abanolwazi baphambanisa i-rudd nenhlanzi efanayo futhi ejwayelekile - i-roach. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba ukufana kwangaphandle kusobala. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa lapho lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zingahlukaniswa (ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isilwane siphekwe futhi sidliwe).
Ngakho-ke, i-roach yehluke kanjani kwi-rudd:
- umzimba wesibumbu ubanzi futhi mude kunowo we-roach. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rudd ingaphansi kakhulu embozwe amafinyila;
- umbala we-roach awukhanyi kangako futhi muhle - i-rudd ibukeka kakhulu "iyamangalisa";
- amehlo obomvu anombala osawolintshi, kanti lawo we-roach abomvu njengegazi;
- kukhona umehluko esakhiweni nenani lamazinyo. I-Roach (inhlanzi edla imifino) ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngamazinyo acijile, futhi atholakala emugqeni owodwa. Endabeni yomswakama, ungabona ngokushesha imigqa emi-2 yamazinyo abukhali futhi aqinile, alungele ukudla izilwane ezincane nezinhlanzi;
- usayizi wesikali ku-roach ucishe ube mkhulu;
- kukhona umehluko ekuziphatheni kwezinhlobo, yize umdobi engakulinganisela ngokungaqondile kuphela. Into ukuthi i-roach ihlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu kakhulu, kuyilapho i-rudd ikhetha ukuhlala "emindenini eminingana".
Uhlala kuphi u-rudd?
Isithombe: Rudd emanzini
I-rudd ikhetha izindawo zemizimba yamanzi egcwele i-algae nomhlanga njengendawo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kokugeleza okusheshayo noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, amanzi amachibi agelezayo, amachibi, kanye namachibi emifula ethulile ayizinketho ezinhle zomfula. Noma kungahle kuzwakale kanjani, i-rudd ayithandi amanzi amasha. Futhi ukuba khona kwamandla aqinile kuye ngokuvamile kuyisici esinquma ngaphambili ukungafaneleki kwedamu lokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, i-rudd mancane amathuba okuthi ibanjwe emifuleni enezintaba, esheshayo - ayiwathandi amadamu anjalo.
I-rudd cishe ayikaze ingene ngaphansi kogu oluntantayo - indawo eyintandokazi ye-tench kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi ayifihli (ngisho nasekushiseni) ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezimpande eziphuma emabhange. Lokhu, ngasendleleni, kungenye umehluko kusuka ku-roach - noma ngabe iphoqeleka ukuthi yabelane ngechibi elilodwa nomswakama, linamathela ezindaweni eziningi ezivulekile. Futhi iyabhukuda, ingxenye enkulu, isondele ezansi. URudd uvame ukubonakala eduze kwamabhafu, amabhuloho kanye nezihlenga - kepha kuphela uma kungekho zimila zasemanzini eziseduze.
Mayelana nesikhathi samanje, yebo, i-rudd ayimthandi, kepha ayinalutho olumelene nababuthakathaka, ngokuzithandela ukuhlala eseduze ne-mill whirlpool. Le ndawo iheha i-rudd ngenala yokudla. Ngokuya ngejubane lokuhamba, akuyona neze into engaphansi kwe-roach, futhi labo badobi ababone ukuthi ichaphazeleka kangakanani noma, ngokunembile, itshekisa, idlala ngaphezulu kwamanzi, ngazwi linye bathi lokhu kuqhuma kwenziwa ngenhlanzi enamandla kakhulu kune-roach.
Manje uyazi lapho i-rudd itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa ngumhlanga?
Isithombe: Rudd fish
Ngokuya kokudla, i-rudd ayizithobeki ngokuphelele, yize iyi-predator ejwayelekile.
Eqinisweni, le nhlanzi inomdla omkhulu, futhi idla cishe yonke into okufanele ibe:
- izibungu ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane zasemanzini nezinambuzane ngokwazo;
- izibungu;
- i-freshwater mollusk caviar;
- tshala ukudla, okungukuthi: ulwelwe, iplankton kanye namahlumela amancane ezitshalo zasemanzini.
Kunesici esisodwa esibalulekile maqondana nokudla - i-rudd encane isebenzisa i-zooplankton kuphela. Futhi kuphela ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa ngokocansi lapho bashintshela ku- "omnivorousness", badla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukudla kwe-rudd yabantu abadala, ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, kuvezwa amahlumela amancane ezitshalo zasemanzini kanye nolwelwe oluyindilinga. Akayideleli i-caviar yezinye izinhlanzi, futhi abasha futhi badla ngokujabula.
Ehlobo, i-rudd ngokuzithandela idla amaqanda omnenke, abawazalela ngemuva kwamaqabunga eminduze yamanzi (okusho lelo elibheke emanzini). Ngakho-ke, lapho uthatha uhambo lokuyodoba kusihlwa esihle ngoJuni, ungezwa ukukhala okuteketelele ezindaweni zamahlathi eminduze yamanzi - le rudd ihlanza kakhulu amaqanda amancane eminenke ebambelele emaqabungeni eminduze yamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise kakhulu inani labantu bakamuva. Umsindo ofanayo ukhishwa emoyeni yi-rudd ebanjiwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Rudd Common
Maphakathi no-Septhemba, i-rudd young ngobuningi ihambela emhlangeni futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, ebusika lapho. Abantu abadala, abantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi, ngalesi sikhathi, bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezijulile. URudd uzama ukuvela kancane kancane ebusweni bamanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, baqamba amanga ngenyanga ka-Okthoba ebusika. Ngamafuphi, ukuqala maphakathi no-Okthoba, awunathemba lokuthi uzobamba i-rudd. Okungenani, nakanjani ngeke ukwazi ukukwenza lokhu ngenduku ejwayelekile yokuntanta.
Emachibini nasemachibini, nasemifuleni emincane, ebusika, lapho umoya-mpilo ungaseneli, umhlanga uyantanta usondele phezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingabanjwa ngobuningi. Yize kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi i-rudd iyinhlanzi eqinile kakhulu. Kucishe kungathobeki ngekhwalithi yamanzi njenge-tench, futhi kuqine kakhulu, kuqine kakhulu kune-roach ejwayelekile.
Inani elibalulekile le-rudd evamile kungenxa yokuthi ukubamba le nhlanzi kugcwele ubunzima obukhulu - kunzima kakhulu ukuyibamba, ngoba i-rudd iyaqaphela kakhulu. Izinhlanzi azivamile ukuvela ezindaweni ezivulekile, futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi izifihla khona manjalo emahlathini ezimila zasemanzini - lesi sici sinzima kakhulu ezitheni zemvelo. Kepha abadobi banaka iqiniso lokuthi ukubamba i-rudd kungenzeka kuphela ngezithiyo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo. Isici sale nhlanzi ukungazinaki ngokuphelele izicupho zeminye imibala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: URudd (wonke ama-subspecies ayo) akazange akuthole ukubaluleka kwezimboni. Isizathu ukunambitheka okubabayo ngandlela thile. Kepha kubadobi bezemidlalo, inentshisekelo enkulu - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendawo yayo ebanzi nobunzima bokubamba. URudd akabanjwa ukuze apheke isobho lenhlanzi ngalo - inqubo yokubamba ibalulekile kubadobi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Rudd
Eminyakeni engu-3-5 yokuphila, i-rudd ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, usayizi wayo usuvele cishe ungama-11-12 cm ubude, futhi inhlanzi isilungela ukuzala. Isikhathi sale nqubo yizinyanga ezingu-2-3, kusukela ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi (ukuqala kuncike endaweni yokuhlala) kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi lesi sikhathi siyasebenza uma izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingama-degree ayi-16-20. Ekuqaleni kokuzala, umbala we-rudd uyakhanya futhi ucacise kakhulu kunangesikhathi esisele.
I-fish caviar ikhukhuleka ezitshalweni zasemanzini, futhi akuyona yonke ekhishwa ngasikhathi sinye, kepha idosiwe ngokuqinile. Esinye isici salezi zinhlanzi ukuthi kuze kube umzuzu wokukhiqiza kabusha, izingxenye ezimbili ze-caviar azikakhuli, kanti eyesithathu yakhiwa khona kanye ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngokwabo, amaqanda anamathele, anobubanzi obungu-1-1.5 mm. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-rudd izalela amaqanda afinyelela kwizinkulungwane ezingama-232, kepha kunzima kakhulu kulabo abathanda ukuzuza ngofry ongakazalwa ukuwathola (amaqanda avame ukunamathiselwa ezimpandeni zezitshalo zasemanzini, futhi i-rudd iwafihla ngobuciko).
Isikhathi sokufukamela asidluli izinsuku ezi-3. Lapho i-fry hatch, ubude bayo bungu-5 mm, kuthi lapho ifinyelela ku-30 mm, kuqale isikhathi esithile sefry. Ubungako besibalo sabantu ababomvu sebukhawulelwe iqiniso lokuthi abaningi abangaba ngamafry bafa ngesikhathi sokufukamela, baba "isidlo sasekuseni" sezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ukuchichima kwesibalo sabantu ababomvu kubuye kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi ezimweni ezithile, bangakhwelana nabanye abamele izinhlanzi zomndeni we-carp. Ngakho-ke, inzalo ye-rudd ene-crucian carp, i-tench, i-bream, futhi nangaphezulu kakhulu nge-roach, kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuthakazelisa kakhulu, okuphikisana nemithetho yezakhi zofuzo, izinhlamvu ezixutshiwe ezitholwe ngenxa yokuwela okunjalo azilahlekelwa amandla azo okuzala nokunikeza inzalo evundile ngokuphepha. Lesi sici ngesinye isimo esinomthelela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwenani labantu abajwayelekile.
Izitha zemvelo zerudd
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isihlava
Ngenxa yobuningi babantu bayo, i-rudd ejwayelekile ivame ukuba yisibiliboco kulabo abadla amanzi angenasawoti njengama-pike, i-catfish nama-perches - izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziye zafunda ukunqoba yonke "imigilingwane" yazo. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuba khona kwezitha zemvelo okuyiyona nto eyinhloko ebambe ukukhula kwenani labantu ababomvu - ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukugcina ukulingana esimisweni semvelo semizimba yamanzi, ngoba "i-roach ebomvu" ikhiqiza ngobuningi obukhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngokungabikho kwezinto ezicindezelayo, izinhlanzi zizothola isimo sikadoti. AmaCrucian awalokothi ahlasele i-rudd evuthiwe ngokocansi, kuyinkinga kubo ukuthola i-caviar (eyokugcina bayifihle ngokuthembekile), kepha kulula ukuzitika ngezilwane ezisencane. Esinye isitha se-rudd sithathwa njengeminenke - iminenke yamachibi emincane emikhulu. Ake sithi, bayamphindisela, babhubhise amaqanda.
Kodwa-ke, isitha esikhulu se-redfin roach yindoda - hhayi umdobi ojwayelekile ophethe induku yokudoba, hhayi ngisho nomzingeli ozingela ngokungemthetho onenetha. Ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu balezi zinhlanzi kuyashesha kangangokuba ngesifiso sonke abakwazi ukuqothulwa. Kepha ukukhishwa kwezimboni emabhizinisini kudala umonakalo ongalungiseki ku-rudd. Kepha noma kunale nkinga, i-rudd isijwayele ukubhekana nayo - ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi, zifuduka ngamandla zenyukele emfuleni, bese ziyabuya. Ukulimala kokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kubi kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Rudd fish
Ngaphezu kobuso obuvamile obukuyo yonke indawo, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinhlanzi.
URudd Scardinius acarnanicus. Lokhu okungaphansi kwe-rudd kuphila kuphela eningizimu yeGrisi, eyisibonelo sakudala sendawo. Umzimba wale nhlanzi ufinyelela ku-33 cm ubude. Yize kunomehluko ekusatshalalisweni kobubanzi, le rudd inokwehluka okungasho lutho kusuka kwirudd evamile - umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlayiya ezimbili uqukethe kuphela imininingwane yesakhiwo samaphiko kanye nenani lama-gill stamens.
IScardinius acarnanicus izala kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMashi kuya kuJulayi sekuhlanganisiwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ithemba elibi elinjalo lithinta kuphela i-rudd Scardinius acarnanicus, iScardinius racovitzai neScardinius graecus (kuzoxoxwa ngezansi). Abantu bakhona bonke abanye ama-subspecies bakhula kancane ububanzi babo.
Isiqubu sesiGrikhi.Igama lesiLatini lalawa ma-subspecies yi-Scardinius graecus. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-Ilikskaya rudd - igama linikezwa indawo yokuhlala (izinhlanzi zihlala eLake Iliki, esenkabeni yeGreece). Isici saso esihlukile ubude baso - ubukhulu bomzimba wabantu abadala bungafinyelela kuma-cm angama-40. Ama-Ichthyologists ahlobanisa ukwehla kwenani lalezi zinhlobo ezincane nokuncipha kokutholakala kokudla.
URudd Scardinius racovitzai. Lolu hlobo lwe-rudd luhlala entwasahlobo eshisayo iPetzea (iBaile Epiropesti), esentshonalanga neRomania. Lolu hlobo lwe-rudd luncane ngosayizi, ubude bomzimba wabo abudluli ku-8.5 cm.Ukuncipha kwendawo yazo yale rudd kuhlotshaniswa nokungcola kwendawo yazo yemvelo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ungathola ukuthi eMpumalanga Ekude - eSakhalin nasemizimbeni yamanzi aseJapane, kunenye inhlanzi enegama elifanayo - i-Far Eastern rudd. Ngokuphikisana nombono oyiphutha osakazekile, ayinabo ubudlelwano obuncane kune-rudd yethu ejwayelekile, yize kunegama elifanayo. Ngokwesigaba sanamuhla, iRudd Eastern Far ingeyohlobo lwezinhlanzi oluhluke ngokuphelele.
Singakusho lokho isibungu - izinhlanzi zizolile, zingenakuzithoba, zihola ukuhlala phansi (ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile) indlela yokuphila, cishe engalokothi ishiye amadamu abo omdabu. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi noma ukujula kwemifula (amachibi, amachibi). URudd uhlala emihlambini emincane, futhi ngokuthula impela - yize kuyizilwane ezizingelayo. AmaPisces akuvamile ukuthi aphikisane - kepha awazigubhi izihambi. URudd uhlala ngokuncintisana okuphansi kwe-intraspecific, inani elikhulu labo akusona isizathu sokwabelana insimu omunye nomunye.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01.01.
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 12.09.2019 ngo-12: 19
