Inhlanzi encane efana kufiphele, ijwayelekile kwabaningi, ngoba ihlala kumachibi ahlukahlukene futhi ivame ukutholwa ngabadobi be-amateur. Ekuboneni kokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukuthola noma yini ephawuleka kakhulu kuyo, kepha sizozama ukutadisha ama-nuances abalulekile wokuphila kwayo, singachazi nje kuphela ngaphandle, kepha futhi sinake imvelo nemikhuba, sifunde amaqiniso athakazelisayo kusuka empilweni yezinhlanzi engenalutho.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ukleyka
I-Bleak ibizwa ngokufiphele, okungajwayelekile okujwayelekile, i-sylyavka, ingeyomndeni we-carp futhi iyinhlobo ejwayelekile yezinhlanzi. Ngokumangazayo, le nhlanzi encane inenani elikhulu lamagama ahlukene, ancike endaweni ethile lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi.
Ngakho-ke, okufiphele kubizwa ngokuthi:
- i-verkhovka (verkhovka);
- dergun;
- i-harmonic;
- amaketanga;
- ibhakede.
I-Bleak yinhlanzi ekhangayo, encane, enesiliva enokwakhiwa okuhlangene. Ngokubukeka, kubukeka sengathi kucwecwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini. Umhlathi ongezansi wenhlanzi unwetshiwe kancane, futhi umlomo ugobile ubheke phezulu. Ngokuvamile, ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-45 zalezi zinhlanzi kuhlobo olumnyama, ezingafani kuphela ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala unomphela, kodwa nakwezinye izici zangaphandle.
Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezingenalutho awubalulekile. Kunezinhlanzi ezinekhala elifushaniswe kancane kanye nemivimbo emnyama ezinhlangothini. Emigodini yemifula yaseYurophu, ungabona okuluhlaza ngomhlane onemibala egqamile. Kwenzeka ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi inombolo ehlukile yamazinyo wepharyngeal. Imifula ye-Black Sea basin, i-Caspian Sea ne-Don inabantu abangenalezi ezinamandla amakhulu, ubude bawo obungafinyelela kuma-30 cm noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Isisindo esingenalutho kangako singaphezu kuka-200 amagremu, sinomthethosisekelo obanzi namaphiko asemaceleni abomvu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zimnyama
Ngakho-ke, i-bleak ejwayelekile iyinhlanzi encane, ubude bayo obungafika ku-15 cm, isisindo esimaphakathi sobumnyama ngama-gramu angama-60, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo ezinkulu (cishe amagremu ayi-100). Kwaphawulwa ukuthi umfula ongenalutho mfushane ngobude kunalokho okuhlala emanzini amachibi.
Njengoba sekushiwo, okufiphele kunomzimba ovulekile, ophansi, umqolo wenhlanzi ucishe uqonde, futhi isisu sincane. Ikhanda elincane lenhlanzi linomumo okhombe, amehlo aluhlaza kuwo abukeka emakhulu, enabafundi abakhulu abamnyama. Umlomo we-bleak unamazinyo wepharyngeal akhula emigqeni emibili, anokuma okugobile namaphethelo angalingani. Ekupheleni komsila wenhlanzi, ubala omkhulu onombala omnyama osikwe ngokujulile ubonakala ngokusobala. Zonke ezinye amaphiko zine-ashy noma ziphuzi kancane.
Ividiyo: Bleak
Umbala omnyama ubizwa nge-pelagic, i.e. ibonakala ngesifunda esimnyama sangemuva kanye nokukhanya okungaphansi, okufihla izinhlanzi, okulwa nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezingezansi nezinyoni ezihlasela emoyeni. I-glue inesikali esinombala wensimbi esinesibuko esifana nesibuko. Esifundeni sangemuva, umbala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi womnqumo uyabonakala, futhi isisu sihlala sikhanya. Uphawu olubonakala kakhulu lokungabi nalutho yizikali ezinamathelayo, ezisiliva, nezinhlanzi ezinamathela ngokushesha ezandleni zakho uma uthatha izinhlanzi kuzo. Ngokusobala, yingakho yabizwa kanjalo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izikali ezifiphele zibuthakathaka kakhulu, zisusa khona lapho kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana (izitshalo, amatshe), ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuhlanza le nhlanzi, ungavele uyihlikihle ngosawoti esitsheni, bese ugeza ngamanzi.
Uhlala kuphi okungacacile?
Isithombe: Bleak underwater
Yonke insimu yaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwamazwe aseningizimu, yindawo yokusabalalisa emnyama. Ebuningini bezwe lethu, le nhlanzi ikhethe amanzi engxenye yaseYurophu, yize ihlala nasemigodini yase-Asia. I-Ukleyka iningi ezindaweni zamachibi nemifula engeyaseBaltic naseWhite Seas.
Indawo yokwabiwa kwale nhlanzi ihlanganisa:
- INyakatho Dvina;
- Umcengezi woLwandle Olumnyama;
- ICaspian;
- Azov;
- Kama;
- Imizamo ye-Irtysh ne-Iset;
- IPoland;
- IFinland;
- Izwe laseBaltic.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokumangazayo, okuluhlaza kungatholakala emithambekeni ye-Ural, kepha ihlala khona kancane. Ososayensi abakaze bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi le nhlanzi encane yadlula kanjani ezintabeni, lokhu kuyimpicabadala yangempela!
Iglu linamathela ezingqimbeni zamanzi aphezulu, zihlala emifuleni, emachibini, emachibini, emadamini nasemifudlaneni emincane. Ngisho namanzi amancane abunjiwe akayesabi le nhlanzi. Kaningi ungabona imihlambi yama-bleaks izulazula emabhulohweni aseduze. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo ezishisayo, ukufiphala kuhamba kude nogu, kusihlwa izinhlanzi ziphinde zizame endaweni engasogwini, zihlala ekujuleni okujule (cishe imitha elilodwa nohhafu) ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ezisogwini. Lapho kukhula khona iminduze yamanzi nokhula oludada, ukufiphala kuyathanda ukufakwa, futhi, kuvame ukubhukuda kube imibhede yomhlanga, lapho ihlala khona kuze kuse.
I-Ukleyka ikhetha ukugeleza kwamanzi, ithande izingxenye zemifula ezithule kakhulu, yize umsinga osheshayo ungazihluphi le nhlanzi, uzivumelanisa nayo kalula. I-Ukleyka ihlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi lapho kunetshe eliyisisekelo noma isihlabathi, futhi amanzi agobhozayo agcwele umoya-mpilo. Le nhlanzi ihlukaniswa nokuhlala phansi, iguqula izindawo zokuhlala kwayo unomphela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ekwindla, umthandi wamanzi ekhanda kufanele ehlele ekujuleni ukuze achithe ubusika emigodini engezansi.
Yini okudliwayo?
Isithombe: Bleak emfuleni
I-Bleak ingabizwa ngokuzethemba ngokuthi yi-omnivorous, noma ngabe le nhlanzi incane, kepha inesibindi kakhulu, ayihambisani nayo ukukhetha nokudla ngokudla, izinhlanzi zizondla ngenjabulo ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, zigijimela cishe bonke abamele.
UBleak uthanda ukudla okulula:
- zooplankton (lena isidlo main imenyu yakhe);
- omiyane;
- izimpukane;
- izimbungulu;
- izibungu ezihlukahlukene;
- izimpungushe;
- i-caviar yenye inhlanzi ephakathi nendawo;
- phytoplankton;
- Fry roach.
Inani lokudla kwezitshalo kwimenyu emnyama lincane kakhulu kunendlela yokudla yezilwane. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokundiza ngobuningi bezimvemvane, izinhlanzi ziyaqhubeka nokudla lezi zinambuzane kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuduma kwemvula nemvula, okufiphele kakhulu kuyaqala ukusebenza, konke kuzinikele ekuzingeleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngalesi sikhathi, ama-midge amaningi awela emanzini avela ezimileni zasogwini, izinhlanzi ezigwinya ngaso leso sikhathi. Kumele kungezwe ukuthi i-bleak ngamabomu iqala ukucwebezela ngamandla futhi ishaye umsila wayo emanzini ukuze ifafaze ama-midges kusuka emahlathini asogwini ngesifutho. Izinhlanzi zingadla okusanhlamvu, imbewu kanye nempova yezitshalo eziwele emanzini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, esizolile, ungasibona isithombe esinjalo lapho okuluhlaza kukweqa emanzini ukuze kubanjwe izindiza ezindizayo, ethanda ukuzitika ngazo.
Uma sikhuluma ngokudoba nezithiyelo eziluma kahle ngokungafanele, lapha ungabhala: inhlama, amabhola esinkwa, izibungu zomswani, izimpethu, izimpethu zegazi nokunye okuningi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ukleyka
IBleak iyinhlanzi yezenhlalo ekhetha ukuhlala ngokubambisana, ngakho-ke ungabona kaningi izikole ezinkulu ezingenalutho ezihamba emanzini zifuna isidlo. Inhlanzi incamela ukunamathela ekujuleni okungama-70 - 80 cm ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuye emakhazeni asekwindla. Kulezo zinqolobane lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezidlayo, izikole ezingenalutho zincane, lokhu kuvumela izinhlanzi ukuthi zingadonseli ukunaka kwezilwane futhi zilawuleke kalula. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufiphala kubucayi kakhulu futhi kuyasebenza, kungabizwa nge-sprinter yangempela, ekulungele ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, ukufihla kumuntu ongenaqiniso, ithalente lezemidlalo elinjalo livame ukusindisa impilo yenhlanzi.
Emachibini lapho izidalwa zigcwele khona, ukufakwa kufakwa ezindaweni ezivulekile, kugwenywe izindawo ezikhule kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuthi inhlanzi ibaleke ngaphandle kokuhlangana nezithiyo ezahlukahlukene. Lapho kuqala ukubanda, isibhakabhaka singena ekujuleni kwesiziba, inhlanzi ichitha ubusika bonke isesimweni se-anabiotic, igxumele emigodini yobusika kanye nezinye izihlobo zayo ze-carp. Lokhu kuma kwempilo yezinhlanzi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika.
Uma kukhulunywa ngohlobo lwale nhlanzi encane, kufanele kungezwe ukuthi iyakhanya futhi inempilo, lokhu kade kwabonwa ngabathandi bezinhlanzi. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ukufiphala kubizwa ngokuthi ukuncibilika okuphezulu, kuphezu kwamanzi lapho kufuna ukudla, ngakho-ke, kaningi, akuvumeli ukuthi isicupho sicwile, sikubambe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zimnyama
I-Bleak iqala ukuzala ineminyaka emibili ubudala, kanti ubude bayo bokuphila cishe buyiminyaka eyi-8. Ama-Shoals athuthela ezindaweni ezifanele zokuzalela. Lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lamukeleka (amadigri ayi-10 nangaphezulu), abesifazane baqala ukubeka amaqanda amaningi, angafika ku-11,000.
Imvamisa, amaqanda abekwa endaweni engajulile yamanzi, efudunyezwa yilanga futhi enendawo enodaka. Ukuphonsa amaqanda ikakhulu kwenzeka eduze kwezimila zasemanzini, kodwa futhi kwenzeka eduze kwamatshe, izimpande zezihlahla ezisogwini. Abesilisa baqala ukuvundisa amaqanda. Isisindo esincane nesinamathelayo se-caviar nge-tinge ephuzi ngokushesha sinamathela ematsheni nasezitshalweni.
Ngokuvamile, sonke isikhathi sokuzala sithatha izinsuku ezi-4 kuphela, inqubo isebenza kuphela emini, ekukhanyeni kwelanga, bese iyeka lapho kufika ukuhwalala. Ukuqhamuka kwe-Bleak kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana, eziqala ekupheleni kukaMashi bese ziphela maphakathi noJuni. Konke kuncike echibini elithile nasembusweni wokushisa kwamanzi okukuwo. Izinhlanzi zisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala, ungezwa ukuqhuma kwamanzi njalo kanye nama-pops. Yile ndlela okuluhlaza okusakazeka ngayo amaqanda avundisiwe ukuze anamathele ematsheni, ezitshalweni, nasendaweni engezansi.
Isikhathi sokufukamela kwamaqanda sincike ekutheni amanzi afudumele kangakanani. Uma ifudumele ngokwanele, khona-ke zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu ukwakheka kwezibungu kuqala, kube nobude obungaphezulu kancane kuka-4 mm. Ngemuva kwesonto, ungabona ukuvela kokuthosa, okuqale kunamathele emahlathini aseduze nasogwini, kudla i-zooplankton ne-algae encane kunazo zonke. Isici sabo esihlukile umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongemuva, ngakho-ke ungaqonda ngokushesha ukuthi lezi yizinto ezincane ezifiphalisayo. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva konyaka ziba ngabancane abazimele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuvuza kubangelwa ubukhulu. Okokuqala, ukuzala kwenzeka ezinhlanzini ezivuthiwe kakhulu, bese kuthi abantu abasha, abavuthiwe ngokobulili, izinhlanzi babandakanyeke kule nqubo. Ukuphonswa kweCaviar kwenziwa ezingxenyeni ezinesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10.
Izitha zemvelo ezifiphele
Isithombe: I-Pair ye-bleaks
IBleak inezinhlobonhlobo zezitha, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezidlayo, phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- ama-perches;
- pike;
- i-asp;
- chub;
- ipiki perch.
Izilwane ezizingelayo azizingeli nje kuphela izinhlanzi, kodwa futhi zijabulela i-caviar yazo futhi zithosa ngenjabulo. Kweminye imizimba yamanzi, ukufiphala kuyisisekelo sokudla kwezinhlanzi eziningi ezidlayo, okukuqeda ngobuningi.
Inhlanzi encane isengozini evela emoyeni, izinyoni nazo azikuthandi ukuba nesidlwana esinenhlanzi enjalo emnandi futhi enonile.
Ngakho-ke okufiphele kuvame ukuba yisisulu:
- ama-terns;
- ama-loon;
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle;
- amadada;
- indwandwe.
Izinyoni zikwazi ukudoba kalula okuluhlaza, okunqwabelana emhlambini eduze kobuso bamanzi. Ngaphezu kwezinyoni nezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, izitha ezingenalutho zifaka phakathi izilwane zasemanzini ezinjenge-otter, muskrat ne-mink. Ngisho naphakathi kwezinambuzane, ukungabi nalutho kubafisi, ngakho-ke amaqanda enhlanzi kanye nefry kudliwa ngamabhungane abhukuda.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, abadobi abazama ukubamba inhlanzi ebabayo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: ngosizo lwenduku yokuntanta, induku yokuphotha, ukudoba izimpukane, kungabalwa phakathi kwezitha ezingenalutho. Ngokwazi ngokuminza kwezinhlanzi, ama-anglers asebenzisa izihibe eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ezisukela kwizimvemvane, izimpukane, izimpethu nezibungu kuya kwesinkwa esilula, okusanhlamvu okushubile nenhlama. I-Bleak ivame ukubanjwa njengesihibe esiphilayo sokubamba okulandelayo kwenhlanzi enkulu yomzingeli (isibonelo, i-pike).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-smart bleak iyabazi ubuqili bobuqili: lapho inhlanzi edla inyama ibamba nayo, ingagxuma iphume emanzini iye ogwini, bese ibuyela emuva endaweni yayo yendabuko. Okwamanje, ingozi isidlulile, kanti inhlanzi ebizingelayo izobe ikude kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ukleyka
I-Bleak yakha abantu abahlukahlukene, konke kuncike ezindaweni ezithile zokuhlala kwayo unomphela. Umfula ongenalutho ujulile futhi uhlangene, ichibi elingenalutho likhudlwana futhi linomhlane ophakeme. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi kunamapharamitha nobunjani obunjani, okuluhlaza kuyizinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, ezivame ukutholakala emanzini amaningi. Ukleyka uthathe isifiso cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu, ezweni lakithi futhi uhlala cishe yonke indawo.
Yize le nhlanzi encane inezitha eziningi, akukho okusongela inani labantu bayo, okuyizindaba ezinhle. Noma izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye ziqothula ngokuphelele ukungabi nalutho, isabuyisa imfuyo yayo ngenxa yokuzala kwayo okungavamile nokukhula ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukufiphala akunyamalali futhi akufakiwe kwiRed Book. Ngokwesimo esinikezwe le nhlanzi yi-IUCN, singenye yezinhlobo ezingakhathazeki kangako.
I-Bleak ayinanani elikhethekile lokuhweba, ngakho-ke ama-anglers ama-amateur ayibamba kuphela. Ingcina inonile ngokwanele futhi iyanambitheka kakhulu. Abadli nje kuphela into ethosiwe, kodwa futhi nosawoti, omisiwe, obhemayo, obhakwe. Inhlanzi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukudla okobhiya.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Esikhathini esithile esidlule, ama-flakes esiliva aluhlaza ayesetshenziswa ngabantu baseYurophu ukwenza amaparele okwenziwa asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Lobu buchwepheshe buvela eMpumalanga, ngaleso sikhathi abantu babehlela ukukhiqizwa kwale nhlanzi encane.
Ekugcineni ngithanda ukukufaka okungenani lokho kufiphele futhi incane, kepha inezinzuzo eziningi kunezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu: iyakhazimula, iyashesha futhi iyavika, zonke lezi zimfanelo zivame ukusindisa impilo yayo yezinhlanzi. Okufiphele kubonakala kungabonakali lapho uqala nje, futhi ngokufunda kabanzi ngemisebenzi ebalulekile yale nhlanzi, ungafunda izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo, ezingavamile nezihehayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/08/2020
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 12.01.2020 ngo-20: 45
