Ikhayithi elibomvu - inyoni enobudlova futhi enobudlova, kodwa enhle ngomusa futhi enhle. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengezingajwayelekile emvelweni. Ukuze kwandiswe inani lama-kites kwamanye amazwe, kusayinwe izivumelwano zokuvikelwa kwabo. Ensimini yaseRussia ngo-2016, kwakhishwa ngisho nohlamvu lwemali olunenani lobuso lama-ruble ama-2 akhonjiswa kulo. Ikhayithi elibomvu lingatholakala ezweni lakithi naseYurophu. Esibhakabhakeni, bangahlukaniswa ngokukhala kwabo okunwetshiwe. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngenyoni efana nekhayithi elibomvu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Ikhayithi elibomvu Ingabe inyoni enkulu yokuzingela engakwazi "ukulenga" esibhakabhakeni isikhathi eside ifuna isisulu sayo. Izinyoni zindiza phezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zomndeni we-hawk kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa ngamehlo. Abaphenyi noma ababukeli bezinyoni kuphela abakwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi.
Kukholakala ukuthi igama elithi ikhayithi liyisichasiso segama lenyoni, eyalinikezwa ngumlobi waseRussia kanye nomlobi wesizwe uVladimir Ivanovich Dal ngo-1882. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, waqamba le nyoni ngokuthi i-krachun. Ekuqaleni, izimpaphe zazingenalo igama lazo futhi zaqhathaniswa nabadla izinyoka, ngoba banokubukeka okufanayo nokudla. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ekugcineni ikhayithi laba negama lalo.
Ngokuvamile, le nyoni yathola ukuthandwa okubanzi noma okuncane kakhulu ngekhulu le-17, lapho iningi lezinhlobo zekhayithi elibomvu lihlala emadolobheni aseYurophu. Kwakunodoti omningi emigwaqweni ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba uhulumeni wonkana ayengayibheki inhlanzeko. Ikhayithi elibomvu selihlanze imigwaqo ngenxa kanembeza, ngoba izidumbu ngokuvamile ziyisidakamizwa esihle kuye.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Ikhayithi elibomvu - inyoni enosayizi omncane enamaphiko aphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70-72 kuphela, nobude obungamasentimitha ayi-190. Le nyoni nayo ayinaso isisindo esikhulu uma iqhathaniswa nomndeni wayo we-hawk - cishe i-1 kilogram.
Ngenxa yomzimba wayo omuhle, izimpaphe ezinde kanye nomsila omise imfoloko, ikhayithi elibomvu lingenza imizuliswano emangalisayo lapho lindiza phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Ingxenye engemuva yenyoni ivele idlale indawo yohlobo oluthile "lokuqondisa".
Ikhayithi elibomvu linezimpaphe ezinombala onsundu ngokubomvu emzimbeni onezimpunga ezinde ezisesifubeni. Izimpaphe zamaphiko zimhlophe, zimnyama futhi zimnyama grey. Ikhanda nentamo kunombala ompunga ngombala. Inyoni inomsila omude ngokwedlulele, ovame ukugoba lapho undiza endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Amehlo ekhayithi elibomvu anombala ophuzi ngokusawolintshi. Imilenze ipendwe ngokukhanyayo okuphuzi, ngakho-ke ingabonakala ngisho nasemhlabathini ngeso lomuntu.
Owesifazane nowesilisa abahlukile ngokubukeka kwabo. Lokhu kubizwa nge-dimorphism yezocansi. Futhi, ezinkukhwini eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwabo, umbala wezimpaphe ufiphele kakhulu. Umbala onsundu uyahlukaniswa ngokwemvelo, kepha awubizwa njengabantu abadala balezi zinhlobo.
Ihlala kuphi ikhayithi elibomvu?
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Ikhayithi elibomvu lingatholakala ezindaweni ezisicaba nezinegquma. Mayelana nalokhu, le nyoni ithanda amadlelo amakhulu eduze kwehlathi elihlabayo noma elixubekile. Ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala kwayo, lolu hlobo lujwayele ukushiya indawo emanzi kakhulu noma, kunalokho, izindawo ezomile.
Iningi lamakhayithi abomvu ahlala eCentral, Southern Europe kanye nasogwini lwase-Afrika. ERussia, inyoni ingatholwa kaningi. Abantu abanjalo bangabonakala kuphela kwenye indawo ezifundeni zaseKaliningrad noma ePskov. Ngokuqondene neYurophu, ikhayithi elibomvu liyabonakala lapho, ngokwesibonelo eScandinavia. E-Afrika, itholakala eduze kweStrait of Gibraltar, eCanary Islands noma eCape Verde.
Kukhona womabili ama-kites abomvu afudukayo nawokuhlala phansi. Izinyoni ezihlala eRussia, eSweden, ePoland, eJalimane, e-Ukraine, eBelarus zifuduka. Ebusika, basondela kwenye indawo yesimo sezulu, eningizimu, eMedithera. AmaKites ahlala eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga ngesikhathi sasebusika ahlala ezidlekeni zawo.
Idlani ikhayithi elibomvu?
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Yize ikhayithi elibomvu libhekwa njengenyoni enkulu ngokwanele, imvelo ayizange ilinikeze ulaka olukhethekile. Unomzimba omncane, kepha hhayi ubukhulu bemisipha. Leli qiniso liwenza ube buthakathaka obonakalayo uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, njengamabhaza noma amanqe amnyama.
Inqubo yokuzingela imi kanje. Ikhayithi elibomvu lindizela esibhakabhakeni futhi "lihambise" ngokoqobo ekuphakameni okuthile. Ngemuva kwalokho ubheka ngokucophelela inyamazane yakhe, kuthi lapho kuqashelwa eyodwa, umhlaseli awele phansi kakhulu bese ezama ukuyibamba ngezinzipho zayo ezibukhali ezibulalayo.
Ikhayithi elibomvu lithanda ukudla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, njengegundane, i-vole. Ngezikhathi ezithile, le nyoni iyathanda nokudla amaphuphu amancane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo kanye nemisundu. Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, ikhayithi elibomvu lalidla inyama yezidumbu, kepha nanamuhla ababheki bezinyoni abaningi bayayibona inyoni esidlweni esinjalo. Uma lolu hlobo lubona isithombe ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama zidla imvu efile, khona-ke ivame ukulinda bese indiza isisulu uma kungekho ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo eduze kwayo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Ikhayithi elibomvu kwesinye isikhathi ziphatha ngesihluku izihlobo zayo. Sikhuluma kakhulu ngalezo zinyoni ezifudukela emazweni afudumele ngesikhathi sasebusika. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinyoni, zidinga ukuhlala endaweni entsha bese zakha izidleke ezintsha, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu othola indawo yale ndawo entsha yokuhlala. Ngenxa yalezi zinto ezingenhla, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele balwe bodwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuyabonakala kaningi ukuthi ikhayithi elibomvu lihlobisa isidleke salo ngento ethile ekhanyayo, njengezikhwama zepulasitiki noma imfucumfucu ekhazimulayo. Konke lokhu lenyoni ikwenzela ukumaka indawo yayo.
Ikhayithi elibomvu, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwama-kites angempela, nazo uqobo ziyizinyoni ezivilaphayo nezingamaqhugwane. Endizeni, uhamba kancane, kepha naphezu kwalokhu, ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala, uthanda ukuba kude ebangeni elide ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi inyoni ingakwazi ukundiza emoyeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15 ngaphandle koshayana olulodwa lwamaphiko ayo.
Lolu hlobo lwe-hawk lunobuhlakani obuhlukile. Bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula odlulayo ojwayelekile kumzingeli, ngakho-ke ngezikhathi eziyingozi ikhayithi elibomvu lingacasha kalula engozini engenzeka.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwekhayithi elibomvu, njengezinyoni eziningi, kuqala entwasahlobo, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Zithathwa njengendoda eyodwa, esinye sezizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi ikhayithi elibomvu linamathele kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala, lapho naye azalwa khona. Izinyoni zivame ukuqhubeka zikhethe indawo efanayo yokwakha izidleke nomlingani wazo esikhathini esizayo.
Imvamisa izinyoni zenza uhlobo oluthile lwesiko olusiza ukukhetha izithandani. Ikhayithi elibomvu alinjalo. Owesilisa nowesifazane bandiza ngejubane elikhulu komunye nomunye futhi kuphela ngomzuzu wokugcina bacisha indlela. Kwesinye isikhathi bangazungeza isikhathi eside, bathintane, kusuka ohlangothini ongacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyimpi.
Ngemuva kwemidlalo yokukhwelana, abazali abazoba yingxenye yokuhlela isidleke, bakhetha amagatsha ezihlahla eziphakeme, afinyelela kumamitha ayi-12-20. Okokusebenza kungamagatsha omile, utshani, futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokukubeka kumbozwe ngoboya bezimvu ngaphezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi bakhetha isidleke se-buzzard noma segwababa. Isici esithandekayo ukuthi isokhethi lisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda asuka ku-1 kuye kwayi-4, umbala wawo omhlophe ngephethini yama-specks abomvu. Imvamisa kukhuliswa inzalo eyodwa ngonyaka. Ifukamela izinsuku ezingama-37-38. Cishe sonke isikhathi sokufukamela, insikazi ayishiyi isidleke, kanti owesilisa uzitholela ukudla kwakhe nokuzitholela yena, bese kulandela inzalo. Futhi lapho amaphuphu esenamaviki ama-2 ubudala, khona-ke umama uyandiza ayofuna ukudla. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amaphuphu awanabo ubungane komunye nomunye. Izingane ziqala ukundiza ezinsukwini ezingama-48-60, bese zishiya ngokuphelele abazali bazo emavikini ama-2-3 ngemuva kwendiza yokuqala. Futhi eminyakeni emibili yokuphila kwabo bangakwazi ukuzala inzalo yabo ngokwabo.
Izitha zemvelo zekhayithi elibomvu
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Ngokumangazayo, inyoni enamandla nenamandla kangako inezitha eziningi zemvelo ezibangela inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuphazamiseka kokuthuthuka okuphumelelayo kwabantu.
Le nyoni idudulwa yikhayithi elimnyama, okusho ukuthi imbangi yethu enezimpaphe iyavela efuna ukudla okufanayo bese kwenzeka, okuyivimbela ukuthi iphile ngokuthula. Njengoba sesivele sazi, ikhayithi elibomvu lithanda ukwakha isidleke endaweni efanayo, lapho indizela khona lokhu minyaka yonke.
Isitha sabo esibaluleke kakhulu umuntu. Futhi iphuzu lapha alikho kuphela ekuzingeleni le nyoni enhle, kepha futhi nokuphazamisa ukuthula endaweni lapho izinyoni zisetshenziselwa ukuhlala khona. Izinyoni eziningi zifa ezintanjeni zokudlulisa amandla okuphezulu. Ukulimala okuningi kubangelwa nezinhlanganisela ezisetshenziswa njengezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-acaricides, ama-defoliants, lezi zinhlanganisela zifaka izinhlanganisela ze-organophosphorus. Okunye futhi okuyingozi kakhulu kunezakhi eziqukethe i-chlorine, ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezibulala-zinambuzane futhi zisetshenziswa futhi njengezibulala-zinambuzane. Lawa amakhemikhali awusizo emnothweni asiza abantu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye anobuthi nokufa ezilwaneni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ikhayithi elibomvu.
Futhi, ukuhlangana kwezinyoni konakaliswa amagwababa afakwe izigqoko, ama-martens kanye nama-weasel, okuvimba nokugcinwa nokwanda kwabantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Uma sikhuluma ngenani lekhayithi elibomvu, ngeshwa, inani lalo lehle kakhulu. Manje izinombolo zisuka kumabhangqa ayinkulungwane ayi-19 kuye kwangama-37. Vele, indima ehola phambili yalesi sifo ithathwa ngumsebenzi womuntu okhona lapho ophethe isibhamu elinde inyoni enhle futhi emangalisayo. Vele, yini okumelwe umangale ngayo, ngoba le nyoni inamandla amakhulu, ayifinyeleleki futhi yinhle ngokwengeziwe, kulapho isifiso sokuyibamba, ukuyibulala, noma okubi kakhulu - ukwenza ngaleso sikhathi isilwane esigxishiwe njengesiqubulo, njengoba abazingeli abathanda kakhulu ukwenza, sikhula. Kodwa akugcini ngesibhamu.
Inani labantu liyanda minyaka yonke, futhi ngabo indawo yemvelo yekhayithi elibomvu iyancipha. Ngenxa yomsebenzi owandisiwe wezolimo, kunzima ukuthi lezi zinyoni zidleke, ngoba zijwayela indawo eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into ebuhlungu kangaka, enkabeni nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, izinto ziyakhuphuka futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abantu bebelulama kancane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwanele, abakwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kokuvikelwa nosizo lomuntu. Futhi inyoni, phela, inesixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla. Udinga ukuzama kanzima ukuthi ungaphuli imithetho yemvelo, zonke izinto eziphilayo zixhunyiwe, ezinye eziningi zingahlupheka ngokunyamalala kohlobo olulodwa.
I-Red Kite Guard
Isithombe: Ikhayithi elibomvu
Uma sikhuluma ngokuvikelwa kite ebomvu, okokuqala kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi hhayi yonke indawo inani labantu libhekene nokwehla okukhulu kwamanani. Kwezinye izindawo, akenqabi, kepha usadinga ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa nosizo lomuntu.
Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, lolu hlobo luthathelwa indawo yikhayithi elimnyama, okungenye yezizathu ezinkulu nezibalulekile. Ikhayithi elibomvu liphethe isikhundla kwiRed Book, ethi inyoni isengozini. Kubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olungajwayelekile, okuhlinzekwa ngalo usizo, njengokuqedwa kwezivumelwano phakathi kwamanye amazwe ngokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezifudukayo, ukuvinjelwa emisebenzini yezolimo, ukuvinjelwa kwendawo yokugawulwa kwezihlahla.
Ikhayithi elibomvu, vele, lifakiwe kwiRed Book yaseRussia Federation, kanye nesivumelwano samazwe omhlaba mayelana nokuvikelwa kwalezi zinyoni sesiphothuliwe phakathi kweRussia neNdiya. Izinyoni zibalwe njengezinyoni ezingandile esifundeni saseBaltic, Isithasiselo 2 seBonn Convention, Isithasiselo 2 seBerne Convention, Isithasiselo 2 seCITES. Futhi, ngokujwayelekile, noma imuphi umsebenzi wobuntu owonakalisayo ngesikhathi sokudliwa kwekhayithi elibomvu umisiwe. Lezi kanye nezinye izindlela zisiza abantu ukuthi bangagcini nje ngokusinda, kepha futhi bandise inani labo, ngoba yilo kuphela elingasindisa izinhlobo zezilwane ekuqothulweni.
Ikhayithi elibomvu Ingabe inyoni emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele. Izici zakhe zomzimba zimangaza bonke abacwaningi bezilwane. Le nyoni inokukhuthazela okumangalisayo nekhono lokuzingela elihle kakhulu, kepha naphezu kwalokhu, isibalo sayo emvelweni sisancipha. Sidinga ukunakekela kahle futhi siqaphe inani lalesi silwane, okungenani ensimini yezwe lethu. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi yonke into emvelweni ixhunyiwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/06/2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 06.04.2020 ngo-23: 27
