I-Takin - isilwane esingavamile esimangalisayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ibukeka njengembuzi yasentabeni nenkunzi, kepha empeleni iyisilwane esikhanyayo se-artiodactyl. Izihlobo eziseduze zama-takins kunzima ukuzibiza - lezi zilwane zihlukile futhi zihlukile. Ngisho nendawo yabo yokuhlala iyindawo evikelekile ehlukanisiwe, lapho ama-takins angaphansi kokuvikelwa kweRed Book.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Takin
I-Takin isilwane esingajwayelekile sezinkomo. Lezi yizilwane ezikhanyayo ze-artiodactyl, ezihlukanisiwe ngesisekelo sezakhiwo zezimpondo: ezakhiweni zazo, izimpondo zezilwane ezinjalo azinalutho, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ziqinile ngenxa yokubamba kwazo. Futhi ama-bovids afaka izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu: izinsephe, izinhlwathi, inyathi, izinkunzi, izimbuzi nezinqama.
Phakathi kwama-takins, ama-subspecies amane ahlukile, ancike endaweni yawo yokuhlala:
- Ama-subspecies aseBurma;
- ukuthatha igolide;
- I-Sichuan takin;
- Ukuthatha kweBhutanese.
Ividiyo: Takin
AmaBovids angumndeni omkhulu ngokwanele ohlanganisa izinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ku-dikdik encane yenyamazane, efinyelela isisindo esingu-5 kg., Egcina ngezinyathi, isisindo sayo singadlula amakhilogremu ayinkulungwane. I-Takin ibuye ivelele emndenini we-bovid ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungavamile nendawo yokuhlala encane.
Njengomthetho, ama-bovids ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezifana nama-savanna nama-steppes. Lezi zilwane ziguqulelwa isikhathi eside, zikhetha ukuhlala emhlambini futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukulwa nezilwane ezidla ezinye zisebenzisa izimpondo ezinamandla nemilenze eqinile njengezikhali.
I-Takin, njengenhlobo yezilwane, yatholakala sekwephuze kakhulu - cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu nengxenye edlule. Okokuqala, izazi zemvelo zathola amathambo alezi zilwane, ezazingakwazi ukuwakhomba, kwathi kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho zathola lesi silwane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani takin
I-Takin ifana nenkomo ephakathi nendawo. Ukuphakama kokubuna kufinyelela ku-cm ayikhulu, ubude emadodeni buningi obungu-150 cm, ngaphandle komsila. Isisindo somzimba wamatheni silinganiselwa ku-300 kg - lo ngumthethosisekelo oqinile ngokwanele wesilwane esincane.
Ama-Takins anokubuna okubonakalayo, ukubuyela emuva okuncane kanye ne-croup ebonakalayo ngokusobala. Umsila wesilwane mfushane kakhulu, ufana kakhulu nemisila yezimvu. Ijazi lide, lithambile, linengubo yangaphansi efudumele efudumele. Umbala wama-takins u-gradient, ubomvu obomvu, i-fawn. Ezinhlangothini eziseduze nesigaxa, kungahle kube lula kancane noma kube mnyama. Kukhona futhi ukumakwa okumnyama ebusweni, emilenzeni nasesiswini samathinki.
Amathini anenhloko enkulu efana namakhanda endololwane. Ikhala elikhulu eline-cartilage enamandla, amakhala amakhulu, umlomo obanzi namehlo amakhulu amnyama. Izindlebe zincane, kepha zihamba, futhi zimbozwe ngoboya.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bahluka kuphela ngosayizi womzimba. Zombili zinezimpondo ezifana nezimpondo zenyathi - zihlukaniswe eduze ezansi, bese zisakazeka zihlukane. Phakathi nendawo, izimpondo zibanzi futhi ziyisicaba, zimboze isiphongo bese ziyagoba zibuye emuva.
Amakhence anemane elijiyile, elibonakala nakwabesifazane nabesilisa. Lezi ngokuvamile yizinwele ezinhle zikasilika ezilenga entanyeni nasemhlathini ophansi. Izinselo ze-Takin zibanzi, zinamathambo amakhulu amakhulu. Imilenze iqinile, iqondile, izinzile.
Uhlala kuphi u-takin?
Isithombe: Takin eNdiya
Amaketanga anamathele kakhulu endaweni ahlala kuyo. Lezi zilwane azijwayele ukufuduka, okwenza kube nzima ukuzala kwazo ekuthunjweni.
Ngokuvamile, ama-takins ahlala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya;
- ENepal;
- ITibet;
- I-China.
Iningi lama-takins ahlala esifundazweni saseSichuan eChina. Lapho bahlala endaweni yokongiwa kwemvelo ehlanganisa indawo enamadwala namahlathi aminyene anomswakama. Amakhumbi akhetha ukuhlala ezintabeni, lapho ihlathi lihlangana khona namatshe. Futhi, imihlambi yabo ingabonakala emathafeni angaphansi kwe-subalpine nase-alpine, lapho kunezingxenye ezincane zamatshe.
Amathini athanda amahlathi aminyene e-rhododendron, amahlahla oqalo oluqinile. Bangakwazi ukubekezelela kalula izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu - bavame ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngenkathi ebandayo, amakhumbi ehla ezintabeni ezibandayo aye emahlathini asezintabeni, lapho ahlala khona kuze kube ukuqala kokushisa.
Ngenxa yomthethosisekelo womzimba wabo, bakulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Izinselo ezibanzi nemilenze eqinile kubenza bakwazi ukukhuphuka emadwaleni nasemadwaleni angazinzile. Zincane kancane, zizizwa zikhululekile phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi.
Amathini futhi ahlalisana kahle ema-zoo. Azifuneki ngokuya ngezimo zokugcina, ngokwesibonelo, izinyathi nezinye izinhlwathi ezithanda ukushisa. Amathini akhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nasebusika.
Manje uyazi lapho ukutholwa kutholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Kudla ini?
Isithombe: Golden Takin
Amakayini ayizi ruminants akhetha ukudla utshani obuluhlaza, amagatsha emithi amancane namaqabunga ngenkathi efudumele. Izimbali ze-Alpine zihluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kusukela entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, ama-takins anokudla okunothe kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-130.
Ebusika, ama-takins adla amahlumela, izinaliti, amaqabunga omile, uqalo ne-rhododendron. Basebenzisa nezinselo zabo ezibanzi ukumba uqweqwe olujiyile ngisho noqweqwe oluqinile lweqhwa ukufika ezimpandeni notshani obomile. I-metabolism yama-takins yehlisa ijubane ebusika, ebavumela ukuthi bazizwe bekhululekile endlaleni.
Amakayini angawaqhulula amagxolo amancane ezihlahleni ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo emihlathini. Ukuphela kwesifonyo setayin uqwanga oluthambile, olufana nalezo ezitholakala ku-elk nakwezinye izinhlobo zamahhashi. Ngenxa yakhe, badla amagxolo namahlumela ezihlahla.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Amathini angakwazi ngisho ukuma emilenzeni yawo yangemuva ukuze afinyelele ukuphatha - amahlamvu aluhlaza nezithelo ezikhula ngaphezu komhlaba.
Kuma-zoo, ukudla okudliwayo kuhlukahlukene. Ngokwengeziwe kotshani obufushane notshani, bayelashwa ngezithelo, amajikijolo nemifino, ama-bran namavithamini nakho kuyangezwa kokuphakelayo, okuvumela lezi zilwane ukuthi zihlale ziphilile futhi ziphile isikhathi eside.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Takin ngokwemvelo
Amakhenene yizilwane ezinamahloni ngokwedlulele, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuziphatha kwawo akufundwe kangako. Zibonisa kakhulu ukusebenza emini nasebusuku - bese lezi zilwane ziyaphuma ziyokuvula izimfunda ukuzondla.
Amathini aqoqelwe emihlambini emincane yamakhanda ayishumi ubuningi. Umhlambi unomholi wesilisa kanye nobukhosi phakathi kwabesifazane, kepha umholi akaxoshi ezinye izinsizwa ezisencane. Izazi zemvelo ziyaqaphela ukuthi abesilisa asebekhulile abaneminyaka engeyona yokuzala bahlala kude nomhlambi.
Ebusika, imihlambi emincane yama-takins yakha amaqembu amakhulu. Ngakho-ke izilwane zisindiswa emakhazeni, ngokuhlanganyela zivikela amawundlu akhulayo. Ukungqubuzana akuvamile ukwenzeka phakathi kweqembu lamathinki - lezi zilwane zisemoyeni wokuthula komunye nomunye.
Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: Yize ama-takins ebonakala e-clumsy futhi ehamba kancane, angakhuphuka izindawo ezincane kakhulu ezinamadwala ukuze adle ama-moss noma amahlamvu amancane.
Ilukuluku alihlukile ekuthatheni - izilwane ezesabayo zigwema konke okungaziwa. Kodwa-ke, e-zoo, bayakwazi ukujwayela umuntu, bamenze iphutha njengengxenye yomhlambi. Izinsikazi ezingama-Takin ezikhulisa amawundlu azo kwesinye isikhathi zinomlingiswa onempilo ongalindelekile. Ziyakwazi ukuhlasela izitha ezingaba khona, zizivikele ngezimpondo nezinselo. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abanolaka kakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi benza umsebenzi wokuzala kuphela, abawuvikele umhlambi nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Takin Cub
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa, abagcina beqhelelene kancane nomhlambi, bajoyina abesifazane futhi bakhombise intshisekelo enkulu kubo. Imvamisa inkathi yokuzalisana iwela ngoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, kuya ngethempelesha lomoya. Amathini abuthana emihlambini emikhulu, ehlela impi yokulwela ilungelo lokukhwelana.
Abesilisa bama-takins abaphikisani, ngakho-ke, izimpi zokubonisa zivame kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, zimane zithuntuzelane, akuvamisile ukuthi zishayisane nezimpondo, kepha azihleleli ukulwa okude. Ama-takins alahlekayo (njengomthetho, abesilisa abancane nabangenalwazi) basuka emhlambini wabesifazane futhi bahlala bengababukeli.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abesilisa bayaqhubeka nokuhlala bodwa. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabathathi besifazane sithatha cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Insikazi izala ithole elilodwa, kuyaqabukela kube mabili, kepha eyesibili, njengomthetho, ayiphili endle. Amathole azalwa ethuthukile futhi ezimele. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, bafika ngezinyawo zabo, kuthi ngosuku lokushayisana bavele badlala bobabili.
Kuze kube amasonto amabili ubudala, amawundlu adla ubisi lukamama, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho ashintshe kancane kancane atshale ukudla. Kodwa-ke, umama wondla leli zinyane izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ama-takins amancane akhulile akha i- "nursery", enakekelwa ngowesifazane othile omdala. Bese kuthi omama balezi zingane beze ezinganeni zabo ngenxa nje yokondla.
Izitha zemvelo zokuthatha
Isithombe: Sichuan Takin
Ngobungozi obuncane, ama-takins ajwayele ukucasha ezihlahleni zoqalo noma aye emaweni amakhulu. Futhi banokuziphatha okungabonwa kwamanye ama-artiodactyls - ama-takins ajwayele ukufihla. Lezi zilwane zilele otshanini obude noma phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene futhi zibe yiqhwa, zilinde isitha noma ingozi engahle inyamalale. Baze bakhame izintamo zabo bese bemboza amehlo abo ukuze banciphise ithuba lokutholwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abomdabu baze babe nehlaya lokuthi i-takin inganyathelwa - ngakho-ke lezi zilwane ezinkulu zingabonakali.
Amathini ahlala ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzona izilwane ezidla ezinye. Isitha esibi kunazo zonke esakhubaza kakhulu inani labantu abathathiwe ngumuntu. Ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kwe-anthropogenic emvelweni nasekuzingeleni ngokungemthetho, lezi zilwane zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kepha kunezilwane ezithile ezidlayo ezibhekene nazo.
Amahlosi yizilwane ezinobuqili nezixakile ezizingela ngobuciko amatafane. Bayakwazi ukuhogela i-takin efihlekile kokubili ezintabeni nasehlathini. Kodwa-ke, amahlosi awakwazi ukukhubaza kakhulu inani lama-takin, njengoba ethanda ukuzingela inyamazane etholakala ngokwengeziwe ngokwendawo.
Amabhere nawo ayingozi kangako kuma-takins. Bayakwazi ukuhlasela abantu abadala noma abasha ezindaweni ezivulekile lapho ama-takins ahamba kancane enethuba elincane lokuphunyuka. Kepha amabhele nawo ayivelakancane ezindaweni zokuhlala zalezi zilwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani takin
Amakhumbi asengozini yokuqothulwa. Kusukela ngesikhathi bethola, bavusa intshisekelo enkulu hhayi kuphela phakathi kwezazi zemvelo, kepha naphakathi kwabathandi bokuzingela kwasendle. Amaketanga endaweni yawo yemvelo awanabantu abaningi, kepha ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, inani lawo lehle kakhulu.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani inani labathathi lehle kakhulu:
- abazingeli abazingeli bazingela ngenkuthalo ama-takins, ngoba bekukholelwa ukuthi izitho zabo zangaphakathi, inyama nezimpondo zinamandla okuphulukisa. Bathengisa kahle emakethe, okwaba nomthelela ekuzingeleni okuqhubekayo kwalezi zilwane;
- Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuthinta inani labantu abathathekayo. Iqiniso ukuthi lezi zilwane zinamathele kakhulu lapho zihlala khona futhi ziyanqikaza ukusishiya. Ngakho-ke, ama-takins avame ukubhubha kanye nehlathi eligawulwe, futhi alahlekelwe yindawo yokudla ebalulekile ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kohlaza;
- lapho ama-takin etholakala njengohlobo oluthile, abanjwa ngobuningi bawo ema-zoo. Lapho babengenakho ukufinyelela ezimweni ezifanele zokuphila futhi babengazalanisi, nakho okwathonya inani lalezi zilwane;
- ama-takins athinteka ekushintsheni kwemvelo, ngakho-ke ukungcoliswa komoya kuthinta impilo yabo nokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside. Abaphenyi baqaphela ukuthi ama-takins akhiqiza kabusha kalula ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe.
Lezi zinto zibe nomthelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani labantu abathathiwe. Okwamanje, inani lalezi zilwane liyabuyiselwa ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuvikela ezamukelwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Takin unogada
Isithombe: Takin ovela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Amathini abhalwe ku-International Red Book ngaphansi kwesimo sezinhlobo ezingavamile. Izindlela zokongiwa zazisetshenziswa kulezi zilwane emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, kepha zaphumelela kakhulu.
Okokuqala, uhulumeni wase-China waqaphela ukuthi ama-takin ayimpahla yezwe, okwabanika isimo sokulondolozwa kuqala. Izindleko zokuzingela azivunyelwe ezingeni likahulumeni futhi kujeziswa ngokuboshwa kanye nenhlawulo yemali.
Ukubamba ama-takins ama-zoo akuvunyelwe. Abanye abantu bagcinwa ema-zoo angaphandle ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile ezinomthelela ekukhiqizeni ngempumelelo kwalezi zilwane. Ama-takin abathunjiweyo aqashwe ngamaqembu ezazi zemvelo, alandelela izinkomba zempilo yezilwane.
Okwesibili, izindawo lapho kuhlala khona iningi labo zithathwa njengezindawo ezivikelwe. Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi nokunye ukuphazanyiswa kwe-anthropogenic kuyakhishwa, futhi lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu ekubuyiselweni kwabantu bezinhlobo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuqedwa kwamahlathi ezimboni kuyaqhubeka, ngakho-ke ama-takins aqhubeka nokusongelwa ezindaweni ezingavikelekile. Ngenkathi inani labo labantu lizinzile, futhi lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zingatholakala ngisho nasezindaweni ezinkulu zokugcina izilwane emhlabeni.
I-Takin Isilwane esihle futhi esimangalisayo. Kwethenjwa ukuthi ama-zoo nezindawo zokugcina amanzi zizokwazi ukubuyisa inani lalezi zilwane ezingavamile. Isimo sengqondo esazi ngemvelo kanye nokwenqatshelwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezithathwayo kungaxazulula inkinga yokuqothulwa kwalezi zilwane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01/10/2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/13/2019 ngo-21: 43
