Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi umuntu onobuhle futhi omangalisayo onobuhle njengo umargay, kubukeka sengathi ingwe yokudlala ngoba ngosayizi omncane. Lesi sidlakela sasendle esinamakhekhe asendle singanqoba ngengubo yaso ewubukhazikhazi ebukekayo namehlo aso angenalutho. Ake sihlaziye zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezixhunyaniswe nempilo yaleli kati exotic, singachazi ukubukeka kwalo kuphela, kepha nemikhuba yalo, ukulutha kokudla, izindawo zokuhlala ozithandayo kanye nesimo esizimele se-feline.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Margay
UMargaya ubizwa nangokuthi ikati elinomsila omude, lesi silwane esincelisayo singesomndeni we-feline, umndeni omncane wamakati amancane futhi ungowohlobo lweLeopardus (amakati aseNingizimu Melika). Owokuqala ukuchaza lo muntu oyisidlakela omangalisayo kwakuyisazi sezilwane saseSwitzerland nombhali wama-monographs ezilwaneni zasendle uG.R. Schinz, lokhu kwenzeka emuva ngo-1821. Usosayensi waqamba ikati elinomsila omude ngesiLatini ngegama likaPrince Maximilian Wid-Neuwid, owayengumqoqi wezilwane zasendle ezingandile eBrazil. Igama lamanje lomzingeli livela olimini lwamaNdiya aseGuarani, lapho igama elithi "maracaya" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ikati".
Ividiyo: UMargay
Ikati likaMargai noma likaMarga lifana kakhulu ne-ocelot, okuyisihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu. Imvamisa lezi zinsikazi zihlala endaweni. Umehluko wabo ungosayizi, ubukhulu bomzimba kanye nendlela yokuphila. Ngosayizi, i-ocelot inkulu kune-margai; ithanda ukuhamba komhlaba nokuzingela. IMargai, yize incane, inemilenze emide nomsila, okwenza ukuthi ikwazi ukuhlala nokuzingela ngokuphelele esihlokweni sesihlahla. U-Ocelot, uMargai no-Oncilla bangabohlobo olufanayo iLeopardus futhi bayizakhamizi ezingaphandle kwezwe elisha.
Ososayensi bakhomba izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili zekati le-marga. Ahluke nje kuphela ezindaweni lapho zithunyelwa khona unomphela, kepha nangemibala yazo, ngoba zizama ukuzifihla njengendawo ezungezile, zihlangana namathafa ajwayelekile ezindawo ezakhiwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imargai, uma iqhathaniswa nekati ejwayelekile, inkulu. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungafinyelela kumitha elilodwa nohhafu, kepha lokhu kufanele kunikezwe isikweletu ngomsila omude, ohlala ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa zobude bekati lonke.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uMargai
Njengoba kwenzeka, ubukhulu bemargai abufinyeleli ku-ocelot, kepha budlula ubukhulu bekati elijwayelekile nesihlobo sasendle se-oncilla. Abesifazane kuma-margaevs bancane kancane kunabesilisa. Isisindo sawo sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-3.5 kg, futhi ubukhulu besilisa bungaba kusuka ku-2.5 kuye ku-5 kg. Ubude bomsila wekati busuka ku-30 cm kuye kuhafu wemitha. Umzimba wemargai ngobude ungafinyelela kusuka ku-47 kuye ku-72 cm, ngaphandle komsila.
Inhloko yesilwane inesimo esincanyana futhi esicocekile nesifonyo eselulelwe phambili, esondela eduze kwekhala. Izindlebe eziyindilinga zibonakala ngokucacile kuso. Amehlo amakhulu, angenamkhawulo, wekati avele ajabulise, iris yawo inombala ophuzi omncane onombala ophuzi. Ukuhleleka kwesiteleka kwamehlo okunemigqa emnyama nokumhlophe kubenza baziveze futhi bahle ngokwengeziwe.
Impumulo kaMargai iyamangalisa, inethiphu emnyama, kepha futhi ingaba pinki. Ama-Vibrissae aminyene, enwetshiwe, amhlophe futhi anokhahlo ukuthintwa. Ijazi lekati alide, kepha liminyene kakhulu, ligxivize kakhulu, lisilika futhi limnandi.
Ithoni enkulu yejazi likaMargai kungaba:
- okubomvu okumpunga;
- nsundu ngokubunsundu nge-ocher tint;
- ocher nsundu.
Ingxenye engaphansi yomzimba i-beige elula noma imhlophe. Isembatho sikaMargai sihlotshiswe ngephethini ephikisanayo futhi emangazayo ngendlela yama-rosettes osayizi abahlukahlukene, ahluke kancane ngokuma nangokwakheka. Kunezindawo ezikhulu kakhulu eceleni kwegebe; umhlobiso omkhulu wama-rosettes nawo uyabonakala ezinhlangothini. Amachashazi amancane wephethini ayabonakala kuma-paws.
Ngaphezu kwama-rosettes, kunemivimbo emifushane, amachashazi, odwi kujazi loboya, okwakha umhlobiso okhumbulekayo futhi ohlukile wekati ngalinye. Umsila omude wekati ubiyelwe ngamasongo abanzi uhhafu womthunzi omnyama, kanti ichopho lawo limnyama. Imidladla yesilwane ayigcini nje ngokuba yinde, kodwa futhi inamandla futhi ibanzi. Zifakwe uzipho oluhlaba umxhwele olukwazi ukuhoxisa.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Imilenze yangemuva yemargai inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuzungeza ama-degree angama-180 emaqakaleni. Lokhu kusiza izilwane ukuthi zibambe ngokuphepha umqhele womuthi, ngisho zilenga zibheke phansi, futhi izitho zangaphambili zingakhululeka ngokuphelele phakathi kwamaqhinga anjalo.
Uhlala kuphi uMargai?
Isithombe: UMargay ngokwemvelo
Amakati anomsila omude ahlala eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi.
Bakhethe:
- IBolivia;
- IBrazil;
- I-Paraguay;
- EColombia;
- IPeru;
- EVenezuela;
- IPanama;
- EMexico;
- I-Argentina;
- I-Ecuador;
- EGuatemala;
- ICosta Rica;
- ENicaragua;
- ESalvador;
- IHonduras;
- Yucatan;
- I-Uruguay;
- EGuyana;
- IBelize.
UMargai wayehlala ehlathini, ehlala emahlathini abo asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni efudumele enomswakama omkhulu. Endaweni evulekile, la makati anomusa awatholakali, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi avulekile ajwayelekile kakhulu. Konke kumayelana nomsebenzi wabo we-arboreal; lezi zidlakudla akuvamile zehlele phansi.
Umngcele osenyakatho webanga lekati laseMarga unqamula enyakatho neMexico, kanti umngcele oseningizimu udabula enyakatho ye-Argentina. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abaningi kakhulu balezi zilwane babhalisiwe eBrazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Venezuela, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Colombia. ENicaragua. Lawa makati atholakala nasezintabeni, ekhuphukela ebangeni elingaba yikhilomitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ensimini yaseBolivia, amaMargai akhethe indawo yaseGran Chaco, lapho ahlala khona ngasogwini loMfula iParana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuze kube ngu-1852, uMargays wayengatholakala e-United States, lapho ayehlala khona esifundazweni saseTexas, ahlala echibini lomfula iRio Grande. Manje laba bantu sebanyamalala ngokuphelele kulezo zindawo.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona ikati uMargai. Ake sithole ukuthi yini edliwa yilesi sidlakela esihle.
Udla ini uMargai?
Isithombe: Cat Margai
Njengoba ikati elinomsila omude liyisilwane esidlayo, imenyu yalo nayo iqukethe ikakhulukazi izitsha zemvelaphi yezilwane. Ubukhulu bama-margais bancane, ngakho-ke, izisulu zabo, imvamisa, yizilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo, nazo ezihlala emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Ngakho-ke, ikati likaMarga aliphikisi ukudla okulula:
- amagundane;
- amaprotheni;
- ama-possum;
- izimpaphe ezincane;
- amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane angenakuzivikela.
Yebo, ikati lasendle kwesinye isikhathi liyaphanga, libhubhise izidleke zezinyoni, lapho lintshontsha khona amaqanda namachwane amancane. Uma kungekho lutho olumnandi, i-margai izodla kokubili isibankwa neselesele, ngisho nezinambuzane ezinkulu ezahlukahlukene. Izilwane ezihlasela i-Feline nazo zingahlasela inkawu, ingungumbane ne-sloth. Izazi ze-Zoologists zithole ukuthi imargai idinga cishe isigamu sekhilogremu lokudla nsuku zonke ukuze iphile impilo ejwayelekile futhi esebenzayo.
Bazingela, ingxenye enkulu, kumele benziwe ubusuku nemini ubusuku bonke, babuyele emgodini wabo ekuseni ngovivi. Inqubo yokuzingela ingenzeka hhayi kuphela esihlokweni somuthi, kodwa futhi nasemhlabathini oqinile. IMargai ithanda ukuqamekela, ukumangala, nokulandela isidlo sabo sokubaleka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokumangazayo, kukhona nokudla kwezitshalo kumenyu yekati, equkethe izithelo ezahlukahlukene, amajikijolo, amakhambi kanye namahlumela amancane. Vele, ngokwemigomo yamaphesenti, kuncane kakhulu kunokudla kwezilwane, kepha kusekudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikati lasendle iMargai
IMargai iphila impilo efihlekile futhi ecashile. Umlingiswa walezi zinsimbi kungabizwa ngokungqubuzana. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda ukuhlala zodwa, kuphela ukuthola abalingani phakathi nenkathi yomshado. Amakati asebenzisa ingxenye yengonyama yesikhathi emqhele womuthi, lapho aphumula khona futhi azingele, yize inqubo yokuzingela yenzeka phansi. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuzingela kuqala kusihlwa futhi kuhlala kuze kuse. Ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu nokubona okuhle, ukuma kahle emagatsheni aminyene, ngisho nasebusuku, kusiza imargai ukuzingela okukhiqizayo. Isilwane singahlela umhhume waso emgodini noma emgodini olahliwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abantu bezimakethe ezingabashayeli abahlala eBrazil bangasebenza futhi bazingele emini.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikati ngalinye linobunikazi balo bomhlaba, obungathatha amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-15 endaweni. Insimu ivikelwe ngokucophelela kubantu ongabazi, imakwe njalo ngamamaki anephunga nokuklwebheka eziqwini nasemagatsheni. Izivakashi ezingamenyiwe ziyaxoshwa, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokungqubuzana.
AmaMargays azizwa esesithombeni somuthi, njengezinhlanzi ezisemanzini, angagxuma ngobuciko egatsheni liye egatsheni, noma ngabe alisondelene. Amakati ahamba abheke phezulu, womabili abheke phansi futhi abheke phansi, ahlala ekwenza ngokushesha nangesibindi. Intevu, njengezinkawu, ingalenga ubheke phansi egatsheni, ibambelele ngayo ngezidladla esisodwa.
Ososayensi ababuka le margai baphawula ukuthi amakati ahlakaniphile futhi athuthukile ngokwengqondo. Ngo-2010, kwaqoshwa ividiyo yekati ezinomsila omude ezizingela i-tamarin (inkawu encane). Ukuheha inkawu eduze kwakhe, ikati laqala ukulingisa izwi lakhe, ngokulingisa ngobuhlakani imisindo ye-tamarin, emangalisa nje. Lokhu kufakazela ubuhlakani obusheshayo bezilwane kanye nohlamvu lwe-savvy feline.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Margay
Amakati asendle avuthiwe ngokocansi asondela ezinyangeni eziyishumi ubudala. Asikho isikhathi esikhethekile semidlalo yokukhwelana phakathi kwezinsizwa, amakati angazala unyaka wonke, ngokusobala ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele salezo zindawo lapho benemvume yokuhlala unomphela. Ngemuva kocansi, abalingani be-feline abahlali ndawonye isikhathi eside, noma kwesinye isikhathi ngababili bayaphuma bayozingela. Ngemuva kokubeletha, umnumzane ofanelekile ushiya uthando lwakhe futhi akabambi iqhaza empilweni yenzalo.
Lapho ukuzala kusondela, insikazi ithola umgodi oyimfihlo futhi onokwethenjelwa, otholakala emqhele womuthi ominyene. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-80. Imvamisa, kuzalwa ikati elilodwa kuphela noma ambalwa, angenakusizwa ngokuphelele futhi angaboni, imvamisa anombala ompunga onamabala amnyama avela.
Izingane zibona eduze kwamasonto amabili ubudala, kodwa ziphuma ekuzingeleni kokuqala kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili emva kokuzalwa. Ikati elingumama uqobo lwalo lunquma ukuthi izingane zalo zikhule ngokwanele futhi zinamandla anele okuhamba nazo ziyofuna ukudla. Amantshontsho ajwayele ukuzimela ngokugcwele eneminyaka engu-8 izinyanga, engena empilweni yawo yokuzimela ekhethekile futhi ethanda ukuzimela.
Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi, ngokungafani namanye amakati amancane asendle, i-margai iyisibindi eside. Ezimweni zemvelo zasendle, ososayensi abaphumelelanga ngokunembile ekutholeni isikhathi sokuphila salezi zilwane eziyimfihlo, kepha ekuthunjweni bangaphila iminyaka engama-20 noma ngisho nangaphezulu.
Izitha zemvelo zemargaev
Isithombe: Cat Margai
Cishe akukho okwaziwayo ngezitha zemargais ezitholakala endle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la makati aphila impilo eyimfihlo kakhulu futhi eyedwa, ngokuba sehlathini eliminyene elingaweleki futhi aphakeme emagatsheni ezihlahla. Lapha singacabanga nje ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu ezidlayo ziyakwazi ukuhlasela la makati amangalisayo. Akunadatha ethile kuleli banga.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi, lapho izwa ingozi, ama-margai agxuma ngokushesha esihlahleni, angacasha ngomqhele ominyene, noma azame ukuzivikela uma impi ingenakugwemeka. Esikhathini esiningi, izilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi namazinyane amancane kakhulu angenakho ukuzivikela ziyahlupheka, ezisengozini enkulu kulezo zikhathi lapho unina eya kozingela. Kunobufakazi obudumazayo bokuthi amaphesenti angama-50 kuphela wezingane aphila aze abe nonyaka owodwa ubudala.
Ososayensi abakwazanga ukuthola ukuthi ngubani oyisitha esithile semargai ezimweni zemvelo zasendle, kodwa kukhona oyedwa onobuqili onobuqili, oholele eqinisweni lokuthi mancane kakhulu la makati asele, igama lalesi sitha esinonya ngumuntu. Kuyadabukisa ukukwazi, kepha abantu yibo abaqothula lezi zilwane ezinhle nezinomusa, ezihlupheka ngenxa yezikhumba zazo ezibalulekile nezihehayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uMargai
Njengamanje, isibalo sabantu abangama-margai sehle kakhulu. Kuyadabukisa ukukwazi lokhu, kepha ama-fining asongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Isimo esidabukisayo esinjalo sikhula cishe kuyo yonke indawo yale kati engajwayelekile. Sola izenzo zobuntu zobuqaba, eziqondiswe kuphela ukujabulisa abantu.
Okokuqala, ukuqedwa kwemargays kunciphise kakhulu inani lekati ngenxa yoboya babo obubizayo futhi obuhle. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, amakati ezingelwa ngokungakhathali ukuze athole ijazi lawo loboya elinephathini. Kunobufakazi bokuthi eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu elidlule, kwathengiswa izikhumba zamakati ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu emakethe yamazwe omhlaba minyaka yonke, okwaholela ekwehleni okunamandla nokubukhali kwesibalo sama-margais. Manje iSivumelwano saseWashington sisebenza, esiqapha ukugcinwa kokuvinjelwa kokuzingela kanye nakho konke ukuhweba ngoboya bemargaev. Yize kunqatshelwe ngokuqinile, kusenzeka amacala okuzingela ngokungemthetho, okuyinto ebakhathaza kakhulu izinhlangano zemvelo.
Umuntu wehlise inani lama-margais, hhayi ukubazingela kuphela, kepha nokwenza neminye imisebenzi yakhe yezomnotho. Izilwane zisongelwa ngokungenelela kwabantu kuma-biotopes abo emvelo, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukonakaliswa kwezindawo zokuhlala unomphela kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ngokujwayelekile. IMargai idinga izindlela zokuzivikela ezikhethekile ukuze inganyamalali nakancane emhlabeni wethu.
Ukuvikelwa kwemargaev
Isithombe: UMargay ovela kwiRed Book
Njengoba sekuvele kwacaca, inani lamamesha liye lehla kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene ze-anthropogenic ezithinte kabi impilo yezilwane futhi zaholela ekufeni kwenani elikhulu lamakati. Inani lekati elinomsila omude lisengozini yokuqothulwa, okukhathaza kakhulu futhi kuyakhathaza.
IMargai ibhalwe ku-International Red Data Book njengenhlobo eseduze nendawo esengozini. Izinsongo ezibaluleke kakhulu kumakati eMarga ukungenelela komuntu, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuthunyelwa unomphela kwalezi zilwane nokuzingela ngokungemthetho ekuphishekeleni uboya obubalulekile. Njengamanje, kunezivumelwano zakwamanye amazwe ezivimbela ngokuqinile noma yikuphi ukuzingelwa kwamakati anomsila omude, kanye nokuhweba ngezikhumba nemikhiqizo yazo eyenziwe kuzo. Kepha ukuzingela ngokungemthetho cishe akunakwenzeka ukukuqeda nya, ngokusho kwedatha engekho emthethweni, ukuzingelwa kwezithunzi kwezikhumba kuyaqhubeka, okungenza isimo ngenani lama-margaev abulale.
Ukugcina ama-margai ezimweni zokufakelwa ibhizinisi elihluphayo nelikhandlekayo, lezi zidalwa ezithanda inkululeko nezizimele zikuthola kunzima ukugxila ekuthunjweni nokuzala kabi kakhulu. Kunezibalo ezibonisa ukuthi uhhafu wentsha ekuthunjweni iyafa. Endle, izilwane ezincane kaningi azihlali unyaka, futhi uma nje kuzalwa ikati elilodwa noma amabili, lokhu kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu.
Ngifingqa, ngithanda ukukuqaphela lokho umargay ukubukeka kwayo kubangela ukuncoma, akuyona nje amehlo amahle angenamkhawulo, kepha futhi nombala omuhle wejazi, ikati lasebukhosini liba, umusa, umusa nobuciko. Singathemba nje ukuthi izindlela zokuvikela zizoba nomphumela omuhle futhi zizoholela inani lamakati anomsila omude, okungenani uzinze.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11/15/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/04/2019 ngo-23: 14
