Inhlanzi (Pterois) ubuhle obunobuthi obuvela emndenini wofezela. Uma ubheka le nhlanzi ekhanyayo enomusa, ngeke uqagele ukuthi iyisihlobo sensumpa, inhlanzi enyanyeka kakhulu emndenini. Ngokubukeka, i-lionfish ayikwazi ukudideka nezinye izinhlanzi. Igama layo labongwa ngenxa yamaphiko alo amade afana neribhoni afana namaphiko. Umhlali wasolwandle, i-lionfish ngokushesha iheha ukunaka ngombala wayo okhanyayo. Amanye amagama yi-lionfish ne-zebra fish.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Lionfish
Ngaphansi kwesigaba sangaphambilini sohlobo lwe-lionfish, abacwaningi bathola izinhlobo eziningi zama-Pterois volitans afanayo, kepha yiPterois miles kuphela ethola isiqinisekiso esibi njengohlobo olufanayo.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-10 kuhlobo lwePterois, okuyilezi:
- P. futhi;
- P. antennata - I-Antenna lionfish;
- P. brevipectoralis;
- P. lunulata;
- P. amamayela - Indian lionfish;
- P. mombasae - Mombasa lionfish;
- P. radiata - I-Radial lionfish;
- P. russelii;
- P. umgogodla;
- P. volitans - Zebra ingonyama.
Ividiyo: Lionfish
Ngemuva kokuhlola izibonelo kulo lonke elase-Indo-Pacific, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezizimele zingabonwa njenge-P. miles e-Indian Ocean nase-P. volitans entshonalanga naseningizimu emaphakathi nePacific naseWestern Australia.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-P. volitans ingenye yezinhlanzi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-aquariums ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Alikho izwe ngaphandle kwe-United States kanye neCaribbean eliyithatha njengesihlobo esihlaselayo. Ngisho nase-United States, ingenye yezinhlanzi zasolwandle eziyigugu kakhulu ezingenisiwe ezweni.
Muva nje, sekutholakele ukuthi uhla lwe-lionfish ludlulela eSumatra, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo ezahlukene. Igebe phakathi kwalezi zifundo, elingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili, lingaholela ekutheni sikholelwe ukuthi eminyakeni edlule ingonyama inwebile ububanzi bayo ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo. Inani lemisebe ethambile emaphikweni imvamisa lisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zohlobo olufanayo.
Umsebenzi wakamuva wezakhi zofuzo ukhombisile ukuthi isibalo se-Atlantic lionfish sakhiwa kakhulu ngama-P. volitans, anenani elincane lama-P. miles. Ngoba, njengezinhlanzi ezinoshevu, i-lionfish ibhekwa njengengavumelani ngencazelo ngenxa yomthelela wayo ongaba khona emiphakathini yezinhlanzi zasolwandle nasempilweni yabantu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-lionfish
ILionfish (i-Pterois) uhlobo lohlobo lwezinhlanzi eziphindwe ngemisebe zomndeni wakwa-Scorpaenidae. Zihlukaniswa ngamaphiko ezinsiba ahlanganisiwe, amaphethini anesibindi nokuziphatha okungavamile. Abantu abadala bafinyelela kubude obunga-43 cm bese benesisindo esingu-1.1 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlaselayo banesisindo esingaphezulu. Njengezinye izinhlanzi zesikorobho, i-lionfish inamaphiko amakhulu anezimpaphe aphuma emzimbeni ayimimango yengonyama. Imifantu enamakhanda ekhanda kanye nezinsana ezinesihlungu ezinsikeni zomgogodla, zangasese nezomgogodla zenza izinhlanzi zingathandeki kubantu abangazidla.
Iziqubu eziningi ezinamakhanda ekhanda zingalingisa ukukhula kwe-algae, zimboze inhlanzi nomlomo wayo kusuka ekuzingelweni. ILionfish inamazinyo amancane amaningi emihlathini naphezu komlomo aguqulelwe ukubamba nokubamba inyamazane. Umbala uyehluka, ngemivimbo emile egqamile yombala obomvu, we-burgundy noma obomvu ngokubomvu, eshintshana ngemivimbo emhlophe noma ephuzi ebanzi, ye-lionfish. Izimbambo zinamabala.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Kubantu, ubuthi be-lionfish budala ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuvuvukala. Izimpawu zesistimu ezinzima njengokucindezeleka ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqubuka, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi nakho kungenzeka. "Udosi" lwe-lionfish akuvamile ukubulala, yize abanye abantu besengozini yokuthola ubuthi bayo kunabanye.
ILionfish inemisebe eyi-dorsal enobuthi eyi-13, imisebe ye-dorsal ethambile eyi-9-11 kanye nemisebe yesifuba efana ne-feather. Ingquza yangemuva inezinsipho ezintathu nemisebe engu-6-7. ILionfish inempilo yeminyaka eyi-10-15. I-lionfish ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-aquarium. Unekhanda nomzimba onemigqa emihle onemivimbo ebomvu, nsundu ngokusagolide noma mhlophe enwebeka ngaphesheya kwesizinda esiphuzi. Umbala ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izinhlobo zasogwini zivame ukubonakala zimnyama, kwesinye isikhathi zicishe zibe mnyama.
Ihlala kuphi i-lionfish?
Isithombe: Seafishfish
Ububanzi bomdabu be-lionfish yingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Pacific Ocean nengxenye esempumalanga ye-Indian Ocean. Atholakala endaweni ephakathi koLwandle Olubomvu neSumatra. Amasampula ama-P. volitans aqoqwa eSharm el Sheikh, Egypt naseGulf of Aqaba, Israel, kanye nase-Inhaka Island, Mozambique. Indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile ye-lionfish ichazwa njengezixhobo zamakhorali ezisogwini ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angama-50. Kodwa-ke, ngobubanzi bawo bemvelo, ziyavela nasemanzini angajulile asogwini nasemachibini, ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu obenzeka emanzini angajulile asogwini. Abantu abadala abakhulu babonwe ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300 olwandle oluvulekile.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-lionfish kufaka phakathi indawo enkulu esukela entshonalanga ye-Australia naseMalaysia empumalanga iye eFrench Polynesia nasePitcairn Islands, ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu yeJapan naseNingizimu Korea, naseningizimu kuya e-Lord Howe Island ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia naseziQhingini zaseKermadec eNew Zealand. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala kulo lonke elaseMicronesia. I-Lionfish ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nemifula, kodwa futhi iyatholakala emanzini asolwandle afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo. Zivame ukundiza ematsheni nasemakhorali ebusuku bese zicasha emihumeni nasemifantwini emini.
Ububanzi obethuliwe buhlanganisa iningi leCaribbean kanye nogu oluseningizimu ye-US esempumalanga. ILionfish yaphelela emanzini asogwini edolobhaneni elisesiqhingini i-Key Biscayne, eFlorida, lapho i-aquarium yasendaweni yabhidlika ngesikhathi seSiphepho u-Andrew ngo-1992. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa ngamabomu kwezilwane ezifuywayo zasolwandle kwaba nomthelela ekwandeni kwenani labantu baseFlorida, eselivele lidale imiphumela yemvelo.
Manje uyazi lapho i-lionfish itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani inhlanzi?
Isithombe: Lionfish
ILionfish ingelinye lamazinga aphakeme kakhulu kochungechunge lokudla ezindaweni eziningi zamakhorali. Ziyaziwa ukuthi zondla kakhulu ama-crustaceans (kanye namanye ama-invertebrates) nezinhlanzi ezincane, ezifaka gazinga lohlobo lwazo. I-lionfish idla ngokwesilinganiso esiphindwe ka-8.2 isisindo sayo. Amafry abo adla u-5.5-13.5 g ngosuku, kanti abadala ngu-14.6 g.
Ukushona kwelanga yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuqala ukondla ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho umsebenzi wamakhorali usezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukushona kwelanga, izinhlanzi nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ziya endaweni yazo yokuphumula ebusuku, futhi zonke izinhlanzi zasebusuku ziyaphuma ziqale ukuzingela. I-Lionfish ayifaki amandla amaningi ekutholeni isisulu sayo. Bavele bashelele eweni, futhi abahlali bama- coral bona babhekise kumzingeli ongabonakali. Ihamba kancane, i-lionfish ivula imisebe yesifuba ukuze ifihle ukuhamba komphetho we-caudal. Lokhu kuvikela, kanye nombala oyindida wesilwane esidliwayo, kusebenza njengokufihla futhi kuvimbela abangahle babe izisulu ekukutholeni.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ngenkathi iphethini enemigqa enemibala enemibala ibonakala futhi kulula ukuyibona e-aquarium, etsheni lamakhorali, le patheni enemibala ivumela izinhlanzi ukuba zihlangane nokwasemuva kwamagatsha e-coral, izinkanyezi zezimpaphe kanye nama-urchins asolwandle abukhali.
I-lionfish ihlasela ngasikhathi sinye esisheshayo futhi imunca ngokuphelele inyamazane emlonyeni wayo. Ubuye azingele eduze kwamanzi esebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Inhlanzi ilinda ekujuleni okungama-20-30 cm, ibukele lapho izikole ezincane zezinhlanzi zigxumela emanzini, zizama ukubalekela kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Lapho ziphindela emanzini, i-lionfish isilungele ukuhlasela.
Ukuzingela kweLionfish:
- inhlanzi encane (ngaphansi kuka-10 cm);
- ama-crustaceans;
- imfanzi;
- izinkalankala ezincane nezinye ezingenamgogodla.
Inhlanzi izingela yodwa, isondela kancane kancane esikhunjeni sayo, ekugcineni iyibambe ngokugijimisa umbani ngesifinyezo semihlathi yayo iyigwinye iphelele. Imvamisa, i-lionfish idla inqwaba yezinhlanzi lapho ukudla kuningi, bese ilamba lapho ukudla kuyindlala.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Idube leLionfish
Lezi zinhlanzi zasebusuku zihamba ebumnyameni, zivayizisa kancane imisebe ethambile yamaphiko okugcoba nawangemuva. Yize iningi lokondliwa kwe-lionfish kuqedwa ngehora lokuqala lobusuku, ziyaqhubeka zibe sendaweni evulekile kuze kuqale usuku. Lapho ilanga liphuma, izinhlanzi zihlehlela ezindaweni ezifihlekile phakathi kwamakhorali namatshe.
I-Lionfish ihlala emaqenjini amancane ngeminyaka yokuthosa nangesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi sempilo yabo yabantu abadala, banesizungu futhi bazovikela ngodlame uhla lwabo lwasekhaya kwabanye abantu bohlobo olufanayo noma oluhlukile besebenzisa amaphiko abo anobuhlungu bokubuyela emuva.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ubuhlungu bokulunywa yi-lionfish obunikezwe abantu bungahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi kubangele ukucindezeleka, ukujuluka nokuphefumula. Ubufakazi bokuhlola busikisela ukuthi i-antidote inomthelela wokuqeda ubuthi ku-lionfish venom.
Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, abesilisa banolaka ikakhulukazi. Lapho omunye owesilisa ehlasela insimu yokulungisa eyensikazi, umninikhaya ocasukile uya kumhlaseli ngamaphiko ahlukaniswe kabanzi. Libe selibhukuda liyehla libuyele phambi kwalesi sihlava, liqhubekele phambili ngomqolo onobuthi. Eyesilisa enobudlova iba mnyama ngombala futhi iqondise amaphiko ayo asemaphikweni anobuthi anoshevu komunye umuntu, agoqe amaphiko ayo emipinini futhi abhukude ahambe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Lionfish olwandle
ILionfish inekhono elimangalisayo lokuzala. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kungakapheli unyaka bese bezala unyaka wonke emanzini afudumele. Kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqomisana lapho i-lionfish yakha amaqembu nabanye abantu bezinhlobo. Eyesilisa eyodwa ihlangana nezinsikazi eziningana, yakhe amaqembu ezinhlanzi ezi-3-8. Abesifazane bakhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 kuya kwezingama-30 ngeqoqo ngalinye, ngakho-ke inhlanzi eyodwa emanzini afudumele ingaveza amaqanda afinyelela ezigidini ezimbili ngonyaka.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Lapho i-lionfish isilungele ukuzala, umehluko womzimba phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ubonakala kakhulu. Abesilisa baba mnyama futhi banemibala efanayo (imivimbo yabo ayibonakali kangako). Abesifazane abanamaqanda avuthiwe, kunalokho, bayaqina. Izisu zabo, isifunda sepharyngeal, nomlomo wabo kuguquka kube mhlophe okwesilivere.
Ukuqomisana kuqala ngaphambi nje kokuba mnyama futhi kuhlala kuqalwa owesilisa. Ngemuva kokuba owesilisa esethole insikazi, ulala phansi eduze kwakhe ku-substrate bese ebuka ubuso bamanzi, encike ezinsikeni zokhalo. Ngemuva kwalokho izungeza insikazi futhi ngemuva kokudlula imibuthano eminingana, ikhuphukela ebusweni bamanzi, bese insikazi iyamlandela. Lapho iphakamisa, amaphiko esifuba esifazane ayaqhaqhazela. Lo mbhangqwana ungehla futhi ukhuphuke kaningana. Ekukhuphukeni kokugcina, umusi untanta ngaphansi nje kwamanzi. Bese insikazi ikhipha amaqanda.
Amaqanda aqukethe amashubhu amabili angenalutho amafinyila antanta ngaphansi nje komhlaba ngemuva kokukhishwa. Cishe emizuzwini engu-15, la mapayipi agcwala amanzi olwandle futhi abe amabhola ayisiyingi anobubanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-5 cm.Ngaphakathi kwala mabhola amancane kakhulu kunezingqimba ezi-1-2 zamaqanda ngamanye. Isibalo samaqanda ebholeni siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2000 kuye ku-15000. Njengoba amaqanda evela, owesilisa ukhipha isidoda sakhe, esingena ezicathulweni zomlomo bese sivundisa amaqanda ngaphakathi.
Imibungu iqala ukwakheka emahoreni angama-20 ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Kancane kancane, amagciwane angena acekela phansi izindonga zamafinyila, kuthi, ngemuva kwamahora angama-36 kukhulelisiwe, kuqhume izibungu. Ezinsukwini ezine ngemuva kokukhulelwa, izibungu sezivele zingabhukudi abahle futhi zingaqala ukondla ama-ciliates amancane. Bangachitha izinsuku ezingama-30 esigabeni se-pelagic, esivumela ukuthi basabalale kakhulu phezu kwemisinga yolwandle.
Izitha zemvelo ze-lionfish
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-lionfish
I-Lionfish ivila futhi iziphatha sengathi ithembele ngokweqile noma ayinandaba nokusongelwa. Bathembele kumbala wabo, ukufihla kanye nomqolo onobuthi ukunqanda izilwane ezidla ezinye. Abantu abadala abodwa bahlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Bazolivikela ngokunamandla ibanga labo lasekhaya kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhubesi nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.Zimbalwa izidalwa zemvelo ze-lionfish ezirekhodiwe, ngisho nasebangeni lazo lemvelo.
Akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi abantu be-lionfish balawulwa kanjani ebangeni labo lemvelo. Kubonakala sengathi abathinteki kangako ngama-parasites angaphandle kunezinye izinhlanzi, ebangeni lemvelo nelingenayo. Ngaphakathi kohlu lwazo oluhlaselayo, kungenzeka ukuthi oshaka nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezizingelayo azikayiboni i-lionfish njengezisulu. Kodwa-ke, kuyakhuthaza ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko zitholakale esiswini samaqembu eBahamas.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ukulawulwa komuntu kwe-lionfish ehlaselayo akunakwenzeka ukuthi kunikeze ukubhujiswa okuphelele noma kwesikhathi eside noma ukulawula. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukulawula inani le-lionfish ezindaweni ezinesilinganiso esilinganiselwe ngemizamo ejwayelekile yokususa.
E-Gulf of Aqaba, oLwandle Olubomvu, impempe enamabala aluhlaza ibonakala iyisilwane esidla i-lionfish. Uma kubhekwa ubukhona besilwane esikhulu esiswini sayo, kuphethwe ukuthi inhlanzi isebenzisa amaqhinga ayo okuqamekela ukuze ibambe ngokuphephile i-lionfish ngemuva, iyibambe ngomsila ngokuyinhloko. Ukuqashelwa kwakamuva kwe-lionfish kukhombise ukwanda okuphansi kwama-endo- nama-ectoparasites uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo wezinhlanzi zasolwandle zasendaweni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Lionfish
ILionfish okwamanje ayikabhaliswa njengengozini. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokungcola kwemifula yamakhorali kulindeleke ukuthi kubulale izinhlanzi eziningi nama-crustaceans okuncike kuwo i-lionfish. Uma i-lionfish ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalolu shintsho ngokukhetha eminye imithombo yokudla, inani labo labantu kulindeleke ukuthi nalo lehle. Kuthathwa njengenhlobo engafuneki yokuhlasela e-United States, eBahamas naseCaribbean.
I-lionfish kukholakala ukuthi ingene emanzini ase-US ngenxa yokukhishwa okuvela ezindaweni zokuzilibazisa noma emanzini e-ballast. Amacala okuqala atholakala enzeka eSouth Florida ngo-1985. Zisakazeka ngesilinganiso esimangazayo ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States nasogwini lwasePersian Gulf, kanye nakuwo wonke amaCaribbean.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Inani le-lionfish elingahlaseli liyanda cishe ngama-67% ngonyaka. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kukhombisile ukuthi i-lionfish ingasusa ngokushesha ama-80% wezinhlanzi zasendaweni ezixhotsheni zamakhorali. Ububanzi obucatshangwayo buhlanganisa yonke iGulf of Mexico, iCaribbean, kanye nogu olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic ukusuka eNyakatho Carolina kuya e-Uruguay.
Inhlanzi kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngomthelela wabo emiphakathini yasendaweni eqinile, umhlume, ulwelwe kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala olwandle. Okukhathazayo akukhona nje ukudalwa okuqondile kwezinhlanzi ezinamaphiko ezinhlanzini zendabuko kanye nokuncintisana nezinhlanzi zasendaweni ukuthola imithombo yokudla, kepha futhi nemiphumela yokungena kuyo yonke imvelo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.11.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/04/2019 ngo-21: 52
