ITernetia - inhlanzi eyaziwa ngabathandi abaningi be-aquarium, yize ijwayele ukwaziwa ngegama elihlukile - i-tetra emnyama. Idume njengesilwane esifuywayo ngenxa yokungathobeki okuhlobene nayo, ukubukeka okuvelele nemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihamba kahle e-aquarium nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Konke lokhu kwenza kube yisinqumo esihle kulabo abasanda kuqala ngezinhlanzi zasemanzini.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ternetia
Izidalwa zokuqala ezifana nezinhlanzi zavela kudala kakhulu: eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-530 edlule. Babengezona izinhlanzi okwamanje, kepha phakathi kwezilwane ezingenamhlathi ezinjenge-haikouichtis kwakukhona okhokho bezinhlanzi.
Izinhlanzi uqobo lwazo zavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-430 edlule. Yize izinhlobo ebezihlala olwandle lwasendulo sezifile zonke futhi zafana nezincane zesimanje, ukuvela kokunye kwezici eziyisisekelo sekuvele kulandelwe kusukela ngalezo zikhathi, futhi lezo zinhlobo zazingokhokho balabo abahlala emhlabeni manje.
Ividiyo: iTernetia
Ukuqhakaza kokuqala kwezinhlanzi kufinyelelwe ngemuva kokuvela kwamazinyo emihlathi, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane kwanda kakhulu kusukela esikhathini seSilurian, futhi kwahlala ezingeni eliphakeme kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuphela kwePermian. Ngemuva kwalokho iningi lezinhlobo lanyamalala, kanti okunye kwasala ukukhula okusha kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo esikhathini seMesozoic.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwavela khona iqembu le-haracinous, elihlanganisa ameva. Inhlanzi endala kakhulu engasekho ese-odeni iSantanichthys ineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-115 ubudala. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi seCretaceous, kwavela ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlekelele, kepha zonke zabe seziphela.
Iningi lenze lokhu ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zasala, kusuka kuzo ezanamuhla zavela, kufaka phakathi ameva. Imivubukulo yakuqala etholakele yabamele uhlobo lwamameva ohlobo lwaqala emuva eMiocene ongasekho, ineminyaka ecela ku-9-11 million ubudala, futhi yenziwa eMelika Ephakathi.
Incazelo yalezi zinhlobo yenziwa ngu-A.Bulenger ngonyaka ka-1895, igama lesiLatini iGymnocorymbus ternetzi. Njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini, ameva aqala ukugcinwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Indlela ameva abukeka ngayo
Ameva mancane: 3.5-5 cm, kepha ngamazinga we-aquarium angaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Umzimba wazo uyisicaba futhi ubanzi. Ameva ajwayelekile asiliva, anemivimbo emithathu emnyama ezinhlangothini. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahluka kancane: abesilisa bancane kancane futhi bayakhanya, i-fin yabo ikhombe kancane futhi yinde.
Amaphiko ayashintsha, ngaphandle kwamaphiko amakhulu endunu, nguyena okhipha iva, ngenxa yakhe sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba njengenhlanzi yasemanzini. Umsila omncane ubonakala phambi komsila - kuyisici senhlanzi yomndeni we-haracin.
Le nhlanzi inokubukeka okunjalo emvelweni, kepha okunye ukuhluka kwemibala kukhiqizelwe ama-aquariums, futhi okuhluke kakhulu: okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okotshani, i-orange, i-lilac - imibala ikhanya kakhulu. Njengoba zikhula, izinhlanzi ziya ngokuya ziphume kancane, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanombala ongajwayelekile.
Ama-subspecies ajwayelekile:
- iveyili - inamaphiko amakhulu we-wavy;
- igolide - edwetshwe ngombala wegolide, ngaphandle kwemivimbo;
- ukuguqulwa kofuzo - umbala ogqame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Yize lezi zinhlanzi ngokwazo cishe zingenabungozi, ama-piranha omile igazi ayizihlobo zawo eziseduze, angaphansi kohlelo olufanayo lwama-characiniforms, njengoba kufakazelwa ukufana kwangaphandle kwalezi zinhlanzi.
Manje usuyazi ukunakekela izinhlanzi ezinameva. Ake sithole ukuthi zitholakala kuphi endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Ihlala kuphi i-thornsia?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseThornsia
Ngokwemvelo, le nhlanzi itholakala eNingizimu Melika, eBrazil naseParaguay.
Ihlala emigodini yemithombo eminingi emikhulu ye-Amazon, efana:
- I-Rio Negro;
- IGuaporé;
- IParana;
- Madeira;
- I-Paraiba do Sul.
Ngoba ameva, imifula eyisicaba engagijimanga, egcwele kakhulu izimila, iyathandwa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi izinhlanzi zihlala emifuleni emikhulu kuphela: zihlala nasemifuleni emincane, ngisho nemifudlana - into esemqoka ukuthi azisheshi kakhulu.
Amanzi asemizimbeni yamanzi egeleza kancane athambile, ngaphezu kwalokho, kune-asidi - futhi ameva akhetha lokhu kakhulu. Bathanda nezindawo ezinomthunzi, futhi imvamisa ungabathola echibini kulezo zindawo eziseduze nezihlahla, emthunzini wazo. Zikhetha imifula enamanzi amnyama kunamanzi acwebile.
Imvamisa zibhukuda engxenyeni engenhla yamanzi, lapho kulula khona ukuthola ukudla ezikuthandayo. Bangabhukuda kunoma iyiphi ungqimba e-aquarium, futhi uma zigcinwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthokomala kwezinhlanzi, into esemqoka ukuthi kunezitshalo eziningi lapho, futhi kunendawo yokubhukuda kwamahhala maphakathi.
Izinhlanzi zafika eYurophu ngawo-1930 futhi zasheshe zanda phakathi kwabanikazi be-aquarium. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukuthi i-thornsia yayibekezelela kalula ukuthunjwa futhi yanda ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Idla ngani i-thornsia?
Isithombe: Ameva esifazane
Emvelweni wemvelo, isisekelo sokondleka kwale nhlanzi:
- izinambuzane;
- izibungu zabo.
- izibungu;
- ama-crustaceans amancane.
Imvamisa amadamu lapho kuhlala khona ameva agcwele kulolu hlobo lokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi ayizithobi futhi ayikhethi ngokukhethekile ngokudla: ingadla cishe noma isiphi isidalwa esincane esingayibamba. Ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane okubaluleke kakhulu kwimenyu yayo, futhi kufanele kudliwe ngokufanele ku-aquarium.
Anganikezwa ngokudla okubukhoma nokubandayo, izinhlanzi zizokujabulela ukudla i-daphnia, i-brine shrimp, i-bloodworms. Ithanda ukuthatha ukudla onqenqemeni lwamanzi noma kusendlalelo oluphakathi, ngenxa yendawo yomlomo kusuka phansi ayikuphakamisi. Uma unika ukudla okuningi ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi zingadla ngokweqile, futhi ukweqisa okujwayelekile kokujwayelekile kuzoholela ekutheni zikhuluphale ngokweqile.
Uma ucabanga ngalokhu, kungcono ukubanikeza ukudla okunjalo okuzocwila phansi kancane, ngenkathi kukulinganisa ngokuqinile. Lapho-ke inhlanzi izodla konke kanti ngezansi ngeke kuvinjwe. Iva ngokwalo alifuneki, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi udinga ukulondla ngendlela elinganiselayo, awukwazi ukunikeza usuku olufanayo usuku nosuku.
Ukudla okomile kufanele kufakwe kokuphilayo, izingxenye ezimbalwa zemvelaphi yezitshalo kufanele zingeniswe ekudleni. Uma iva lingadla ngokungadingekile, lizoqala ukulimaza kaningi, lizala kabusha kakhulu, futhi ukuphazamiseka komzimba kwenhlanzi kungenzeka.
Izingxube eziningi ezithengwe esitolo zezinhlobo ezishisayo zilungile. Izinketho zokudla eziqukethe odayi bemvelo zizoba usizo - ukuzidla, ameva abuyela ekukhanyeni kwawo kwangaphambilini. Fry futhi kuphela labo abadluliselwe ku-aquarium entsha abadinga izengezo zamavithamini.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ameva wesilisa
Ezilwaneni zasendle, ameva akhetha imifula emincane noma imifudlana, ahlala emihlambini emincane yabantu abayi-10-20, ngenkathi beziphatha kahle, bezingela njalo, besabisa izinhlanzi ezincane futhi bangahle bahlaselane.
Imvamisa, ukuhlaselwa okunjalo akupheli ekulimaleni kanzima, bobabili abaphikisi bahlala emgodleni bese beyeka ukungqubuzana; nokho, kwesinye isikhathi isikhashana kuphela. Ameva antanta ezidla ngolunye uhlangothi, ngemuva kwalokho abuye aqoqane kuphela uma esegcwele futhi ayayeka ukuzingela.
E-aquarium, indlela yokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi incike kakhulu kumthamo wayo. Uma ivulekile, khona-ke ameva avame ukuntanta engxenyeni emaphakathi futhi achithe isikhathi esiningi emanzini amahhala. Uma i-aquarium inyinyekile, ziziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu: zicasha kakhulu ngemuva kwezitshalo, bese ziyodla kuphela.
Ngameva, i-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-60 iyadingeka, kufanele ibe nenhlabathi nezitshalo. Le volumu izokwanela abantu abayishumi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi i-aquarium ikhanyiswe kahle futhi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kuyo lingaphezulu kancane kuka-20 ° C. Ushintsho lwamanzi kufanele lwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, ama-30-40% evolumu yawo ephelele kufanele ivuselelwe ngesonto.
Ngezinye izinhlanzi, ameva ahlangana kahle, yize kuya ngohlobo lwawo. Kungcono ukuyigcina ihlangene namanye ama-haracin, ama-platies, ama-guppies. Ukungabi nobungani ezinhlanzini ezincane noma ezimbozwe ngeveli. Ameva ngokwawo kufanele okungenani abe ngu-3-4, futhi mhlawumbe kube ngu-7-10, uma ubeka inhlanzi eyodwa kuphela yalolu hlobo e-aquarium, izokhombisa ukuhlukumeza komakhelwane bayo.
Okufanayo kusebenza emihlambini emincane kakhulu. Ngenombolo ejwayelekile, ukunakwa kwezinhlanzi kuhlala kakhulu ngabantu bezinye izizwe, isikhathi esiningi bachitha bobabili, futhi noma ngabe kuphakama izimpi phakathi kwabo, azilimazi. Emhlambini onjalo, izinhlanzi zizoshwabana futhi zijabulise iso.
Inhlabathi ese-aquarium kufanele ibe nesihlabathi noma amatshe amnandi - njengasendaweni yayo yemvelo. Izinkuni ezimbalwa ezikhukhulwayo zingabekwa phansi. Indlela engcono yokufiphaza ukukhanya ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni - lokhu kuzodala futhi indawo efana naleyo lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona emvelweni.
Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukucebisa amanzi nge-oxygen, kuyasiza futhi ukusebenzisa esinye sezimo zokulungisa ezakha umphumela "wamanzi amnyama". Uma wenza konke okungenhla, ameva azozizwa esekhaya e-aquarium, yize izinhlanzi zingathobekile, ngakho-ke izinketho zokuyekethisa zingenzeka.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: I-aquarium enameva kufanele imbozwe njengoba ikwazi ukugxuma kakhulu ukuze ingaze igxume iphume kuyo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ameva anemibala
Yize imihlambi yameva incane, isigaba sobukhosi senziwa ngaphakathi kuyo, izimpi azivamile lapho abesilisa bethola ukuthi ngubani onamandla futhi ozonakwa kuqala kwabesifazane. Izinhlanzi azitholi amanxeba abucayi kulezi zimpi, ngakho-ke zinganakwa. E-aquarium, kungcono ukuthi bazalise ngababili, yize ukuzala kwesikole kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka. Ukuze kuzalwe, kusetshenziswa i-aquarium ekhethekile, eyenzelwe amalitha angama-30-35. Kufanele ibe namanzi afudumele kakhulu: 25-26 ° C, ubulukhuni kufanele bube ngu-4 dH, bese i-asidi ibe ngu-7.0 pH.
Ngaphambi kokuzala, kudingeka ukulungiselela: owesilisa nowesifazane bahlala phansi futhi bagcinwe ngokwehlukana isonto lonke, babanike ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi. Ekuqaleni, owesilisa kuphela obekwa ezindaweni zokuzalela, futhi kungemva kwamahora amabili kuya kwamathathu kuphela owesifazane ongezelwa kulo. I-aquarium kufanele ibe semthunzini, futhi ekuqaleni kosuku olulandelayo, idinga ukukhanyiswa. Ngaphansi kwebhokisi elizalela, kubekwa imeshini yenayiloni enamaseli abanzi ngokwanele ukuze amaqanda adlule kuwo, kodwa incane kakhulu ukuba izinhlanzi uqobo lwazo zikwazi ukufinyelela kuyo. Ukuzalela akuhlali kwenzeka ngosuku olufanayo, kwesinye isikhathi kungahle kungaqali izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukusheshisa ukuqala ezimweni ezinjalo, izinhlanzi zondliwa ngemisundu yegazi.
Owesifazane oyedwa uzala amaqanda angama-500 kuya kwangu-2 000 ngemithamo eminingana, le nqubo ithatha amahora amaningi. Kuze kuphele, izinhlanzi azithinti i-caviar, kepha ngemuva kokuphela zingazama ukuyidla. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukuzala kuqediwe, batshalwa ngokushesha emuva. Ezindaweni zokuzalela, izinga lamanzi kufanele lehliswe lifike ku-10-12 cm.Ukusuka ekubelethweni kuya ekubonakaleni kwezibungu, ukudlula usuku nengxenye, ekuqaleni izibungu zimane zilele ezitshalweni noma engilazini. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, izinsuku ezingama-4-5 zanele ukuba ziphenduke gazinga, okungukuthi, ziqale ukubhukuda ngokukhululeka.
Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho bengondliwa khona. Banikezwa ama-ciliates, i-brine shrimp nauplii nokudla okukhethekile. Ekuqaleni, ukudla kufanele kube kuncane kakhulu, futhi kufanele kunikezwe ngezingxenyana ezincane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxenye kufanele zikhuliswe, futhi okuphakelayo uqobo kufanele kube kukhulu. Amafry angadlana. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kungakuhle ukuthi uzihlunge ngosayizi bese uzibeka ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ezahlukene. Izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kokuba sezidlulile izinyanga eziyisithupha, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela ngezinyanga eziyi-9-10. Bangazala kuze kufike eminyakeni yobudala eyi-2-2.5, baphile iminyaka engu-3.5-5.
Izitha zemvelo zameva
Isithombe: Indlela ameva abukeka ngayo
Izitha emvelweni emeveni zivamile ezinhlanzini ezincane: le yinhlanzi enkulu edlayo nenyoni. Yize, ikakhulukazi, ameva ahlala emizimbeni emincane yamanzi, lapho izinhlanzi ezinkulu zingajwayelekile kangako, kepha noma kunjalo kwesinye isikhathi zingavakashela isisulu nje. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ameva angabaleka kuphela.
Kepha sonke isikhathi ngokwabo kuvamise ukuthi kube yizona ezidla kakhulu, ngoba ezinye izakhamuzi zemifula emincane lapho zihlala khona zincane kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinyoni ziba yizitha zazo eziyinhloko, ngoba akunzima kangako kubo ukuthola inhlanzi encane emfuleni ongajulile, futhi ngeke kubasebenzele ukuba bacashe ezilwaneni eziyizinyamazane ezinezimpaphe.
Amagundane amakhulu kanye nezimpungushe nazo zingaba yingozi kuyo, kwesinye isikhathi engazama ukubamba inhlanzi, ngoba ameva ajwayele ukuhlala emanzini angajulile ngasogwini.
Abantu babahlupha kancane: ameva akhuliswa ngempumelelo ezindaweni zasemanzini, ngakho-ke amasha cishe awabanjwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zishibhile. Bahlala ezindaweni ezingathuthukisiwe emahlathini aminyene e-Amazon, ukuze imisebenzi yabantu ingabi namthelela kubo.
Zithinteka ezifweni kancane, futhi lokhu kungenye yokugcinwa kwazo e-aquarium. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga zingenzeka: zingatheleleka ngegciwane lesikhunta, elizokhuluma ngoqwembe olumhlophe emzimbeni. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, inhlanzi enesifo kufanele isuswe futhi yelashwe, ne-aquarium kufanele ibulawe amagciwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe seGreen Thornsia
Indawo yokuhlala ameva ihlale ingashintshi kusukela ngesikhathi bethola; yaze yanda kancane ngenxa yokwethulwa kwale nhlanzi ngabantu emachibini aseduze nezindawo zayo zokuhlala. Azikho izimpawu eziphazamisayo ezitholakele, imvelo emifuleni lapho kuhlala lezi zinhlobo kuze kube manje cishe ayizange ilimale emisebenzini yabantu, ngakho-ke akukho lutho olusongela ameva.
Ayikho idatha eqondile enombolweni yabo ephelele, azikho izibalo ezenziwe. Kodwa-ke, kubukeka sengathi ihlala ezingeni elifanayo, noma iyakhula. Yize indawo yameva ingenkulu kakhulu, futhi bahlala ezwenikazi elilodwa kuphela, izindawo abahlala kuzo zinabantu abaningi kakhulu.
Emigodini yemifula emikhulu yemifula i-Amazon noMfula iParaguay, le nhlanzi ingenye yezindawo ezisabalele kakhulu, futhi ungayithola yonke indawo. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezincane, lezi zinhlobo zingaba namandla futhi zisuse ezinye ezivela ezindaweni ezinhle kakhulu. Zanda ngokushesha, ngakho-ke imihlambi kwesinye isikhathi kufanele yabelane, eminye iyahamba ifuna omunye umfula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kungakuhle ukuthi uzigcine zisebumnyameni, ngoba uma kungenjalo zizofiphala ngokushesha okukhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo womabili ameva ombala wemvelo - kusukela kokumnyama kancane kancane baba mpunga okhanyayo ngokukhanya, futhi lawo akhanyayo - azophela ngokushesha. Umbala wabo uyaphela futhi ngenxa yengcindezi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthwa noma ukufakelwa kabusha, kulokhu, ukukhanya kwawo kungaphola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
ITernetia - ukukhetha okuvamile kwama-aquariums, ngoba le nhlanzi ihlanganisa ubuhle nokuqina, ngakho-ke ukuyigcina kulula, futhi kungaqalwa ngokuphepha ngisho nangabanikazi be-aquarium abangenalwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzwana kahle nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, ngakho-ke ungamgcina endaweni evamile yezinhlanzi - kepha udinga ukuqala umhlambi wonke bese wabela isikhala esithe xaxa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09/04/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-12: 13
