UTakahe (I-Porphyrio hochstetteri) iyinyoni engakwazi ukundiza, edabuka eNew Zealand, eyomndeni womalusi. Kukholakala ukuthi bese kungasekho ngemuva kokususwa kwezine zokugcina ngo-1898. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuseshwa ngokucophelela, le nyoni yaphinde yatholakala ngaseLake Te Anau, eSouth Island ngo-1948. Igama lenyoni livela egameni elithi takahi, elisho ukunyathela noma ukunyathela. AbakwaTakahe babaziwa kakhulu ngabantu baseMaori, ababehamba amabanga amade bezozingela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Takahe
Ngo-1849, iqembu labazingeli bolwandle eDuski Bay lahlangana nenyoni enkulu, abayibamba base beyidla. UWalter Mantell wahlangana nabazingeli ngenhlanhla wathatha isikhumba senkukhu. Wayithumela kuyise, isazi sezinto zakudala uGideon Mantell, owabona ukuthi kwakuyiNotornis ("inyoni yaseningizimu"), inyoni ephilayo eyaziwa kuphela ngamathambo ezinsalela zakudala okwakucatshangwa ukuthi ayengasekho njenge-moa. Wethula ikhophi ngo-1850 emhlanganweni weZoological Society of London.
Ividiyo: Takahe
Ngekhulu le-19, abaseYurophu bathola abantu ababili kuphela be-takaha. Isifanekiso esisodwa sabanjwa ngaseLake Te Anau ngo-1879 sathengwa yiState Museum eJalimane. Yabhujiswa ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eDresden eMpini Yezwe II. Ngo-1898, isampuli yesibili yathathwa yinja egama linguRough, eyayiphethwe nguJack Ross. URoss uzame ukusindisa owesifazane olimele, kodwa washona. Ikhophi yathengwa nguhulumeni waseNew Zealand futhi iyavezwa. Iminyaka eminingi bekuwukuphela kombukiso obukiswa noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngemuva kuka-1898, kwaqhubeka imibiko yezinyoni ezinkulu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Akukho nokukodwa kokubonwa okwakungaqinisekiswa, ngakho-ke i-takahe yayibhekwa njengengasekho.
I-live takahe yaphinde yatholakala ngokumangazayo ezintabeni zaseMurchison ngoNovemba 20, 1948. Kwabanjwa ama-takahe amabili kodwa abuyela endle ngemuva kokuthwetshulwa kwezithombe zale nyoni esanda kutholakala. Ukuqhubeka kocwaningo lofuzo lwe-takahe ephilayo kanye nengasekho kukhombisile ukuthi izinyoni zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Islands ziyizinhlobo ezihlukene.
Izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Island (P. mantelli) zazaziwa amaMaori njengemōho. Iqothulwe futhi yaziwa kuphela ngezinsalela zamathambo kanye nesibonelo esisodwa esingaba khona. AmaMōho ayemade futhi emncane kune-takahē, futhi ayenokhokho abafanayo. ISouth Island Takahe yehla kusuka kohlu lozalo oluhlukile futhi imele ukungena okwehlukile nokwedlule ukungena eNew Zealand kusuka e-Afrika.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani utakahe
UTakahe uyilungu elikhulu kunawo wonke lomndeni wakwaRallidae. Ubude bayo bumaphakathi ngokwesilinganiso esingu-63 cm, kanti isisindo esimaphakathi cishe siyi-2.7 kg kwabesilisa no-2.3 kg wabesifazane ebangeni eli-1.8-4.2 kg. Cishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-50. Yinyoni eqinile, enamandla, enemilenze emifushane eqinile nomlomo omkhulu, ongaveza ukuluma okubuhlungu ungahlosile. Kuyisidalwa esingandizi esinamaphiko amancane kwesinye isikhathi esisetshenziselwa ukusiza inyoni ikhuphuke emithambekeni.
Izimpaphe ze-takahe, uqhwaku nemilenze kukhombisa imibala ejwayelekile ye-gallinula. Izimpaphe ze-takahe endala zinosilika, zi-iridescent, ikakhulu ziluhlaza sasibhakabhaka ekhanda, entanyeni, emaphikweni angaphandle kanye nasengxenyeni engezansi. Izimpiko zangemuva nangaphakathi ziluhlaza okotshani futhi ziluhlaza okombala, futhi umbala osemsileni uba luhlaza okomnqumo. Izinyoni zinesihlangu esibomvu sangaphambili sangaphambili futhi "i-carmine beaks iqoshwe ngemibala ebomvu." Izidladla zawo zibomvu klebhu.
Izitezi ziyefana. Abesifazane bancane kancane. Amachwane ambozwe okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama nokumnyama phansi lapho echanyuselwa futhi anemilenze emikhulu ensundu. Kepha ngokushesha bathola imibala yabantu abadala. I-takahe engavuthiwe inenguqulo ye-duller yombala wabantu abadala, enomlomo omnyama ojika ubomvu njengoba ikhula. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayibonakali, yize abesilisa ngokwesilinganiso besisindo sikhulu kancane.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-takahe ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi le nyoni ihlala kuphi.
Uhlala kuphi?
Isithombe: Nyoni kaTakahe
IPorphyrio hochstetteri igcwele eNew Zealand. Izinsalela zibonisa ukuthi kwake kwasakazeka kakhulu eziQhingini zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu, kepha kwathi lapho "kutholakala kabusha" ngo-1948, lolu hlobo lwaluvaleleke ezintabeni zaseMurchison eFiordland (cishe ngama-650 km 2), futhi lwalunezinyoni ezingama-250-300 kuphela. yehla yaya ezingeni layo eliphansi kakhulu ngawo-1970 nango-1980, yabe isinyuka isuka ezinyonini eziyikhulu kuya kwezingu-160 eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-20 futhi ekuqaleni kucatshangwa ukuthi iyakwazi ukuzala kabusha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezehlakalo ezihlobene ne-hormone, lesi sibalo sehle ngaphezu kuka-40% ngo-2007-2008, kwathi ngonyaka we-2014 sase sifinyelele kubantu abaphansi abangama-80.
Ukwengezwa ngezinyoni ezivela kwezinye izindawo kukhuphule leli nani laya ku-110 ngo-2016. Uhlelo lokuzalela abathunjiweyo lwaqala ngonyaka we-1985 ngenhloso yokwandisa inani labantu lokuthuthela eziqhingini ezingenazo izidalwa. Cishe ngonyaka we-2010, indlela yokuzalanisa izithunjwa yashintshwa futhi amaphuphu akhuliswa ngabantu, kepha akhuliswa ngomama, okwandisa amathuba okusinda kwabo.
Namuhla abantu abasele dengwane batholakala eziqhingini eziyisishiyagalolunye ezisogwini nezwekazini:
- Isiqhingi iMana;
- UTiritiri-Matangi;
- ICape Sanctuary;
- Isiqhingi saseMotutapu;
- ITauharanui eNew Zealand;
- Kapiti;
- Isiqhingi iRotoroa;
- maphakathi neTaruja eBerwood nakwezinye izindawo.
Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni eyodwa engaziwa, lapho inani labo lenyuka kancane kakhulu, nabantu abadala abangama-55 ngonyaka we-1998 ngenxa yamanani aphansi okuchanyuselwa kanye nezimpaphe ezihambisana nezinga lokuzala kwezinsikazi zaleli bhangqa. Abantu bezinye iziqhingi ezincane manje sebengasondela kumthamo wokuthwala. Abantu base-Inland bangatholakala emadlelweni e-alpine nasezihlahleni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Abantu besiqhingi bahlala emadlelweni aguquliwe.
Udla ini uTakahe?
Isithombe: UMelusi Takahe
Le nyoni idla utshani, amahlumela nezinambuzane, kepha ikakhulukazi amaqabunga eChionochloa nezinye izinhlobo zotshani zase-alpine. UTakahe ubonakala ekha isiqu sotshani beqhwa (iDanthonia flavescens). Le nyoni ithatha lesi sitshalo ngozipho olulodwa bese idla kuphela izingxenye ezingezansi ezithambile, okuwukudla okuthandayo, bese ilahla okunye okusele.
ENew Zealand, i-takahe iye yabonwa idla amaqanda namachwane ezinye izinyoni ezincane. Yize lokhu kuziphatha ngaphambili kwakungaziwa, kuhlotshaniswa ne-takahe sultanka kwesinye isikhathi kudla amaqanda namachwane ezinye izinyoni. Ububanzi bale nyoni bunqunyelwe emadlelweni asezintabeni ezwenikazi futhi kudla ikakhulu amajusi asuka phansi kotshani beqhwa nolunye lwezinhlobonhlobo zama-rhizomes e-fern. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele lezi zinhlobo badla ngenjabulo amakhambi nezinhlamvu ezilethwe eziqhingini.
Ukuphathwa kwe-takahe okuyizintandokazi kufaka phakathi:
- amaqabunga;
- izimpande;
- izilimo eziyizigaxa;
- imbewu;
- izinambuzane;
- okusanhlamvu;
- amantongomane.
UTakahe ubuye adle iziqu nezinhlamvu zeChionochloa rigida, Chionochloa pallens kanye neChionochloa crassiuscula. Kwesinye isikhathi nazo zithatha izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi lapho zikhulisa amaphuphu. Isisekelo sokudla kwale nyoni ngamaqabunga eChionochloa. Zivame ukubonakala zidla iziqu namaqabunga eDantonia ephuzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Takahe
UTakahe uyasebenza emini bese uphumula ebusuku. Zixhomeke kakhulu ngokwendawo, lapho ukushayisana okuningi phakathi kwamabili ancintisanayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufukamela. Lezi akuzona izinyoni ezihlala phansi ezihlala phansi. Indlela yabo yokuphila yakhiwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlukaniswa eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand. Izindawo zokuhlala zeTakahe ziyehluka ngosayizi nobukhulu. Ubukhulu obulunge kakhulu bensimu ehlala abantu busuka kumahektha angu-1.2 kuye kwangama-4.9, futhi isibalo esiphakeme kakhulu sabantu sisezindaweni ezihlala phansi ezinomswakama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhlobo ze-takahe ukujwayela okuyingqayizivele kumandla angahambi ezindizeni ezinyoni zasesiqhingini. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo nokungajwayelekile, lezi zinyoni zisekela ukuvakasha kwemvelo kubantu abanentshisekelo yokubuka lezi zinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu eziqhingini ezisogwini.
UTakahe utholakala ezimfundeni eziphakeme, lapho kutholakala khona iningi lonyaka. Ihlala emadlelweni kuze kuvele iqhwa, ngemuva kwalokho izinyoni ziphoqeleka ukuthi zehlele emahlathini noma ezihlahleni. Njengamanje, kunolwazi oluncane olutholakalayo mayelana nezindlela zokuxhumana phakathi kwezinyoni ze-takahe. Izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo nezithintekayo zisetshenziswa yilezi zinyoni lapho zikhwelana. Amachwane angaqala ukuzala ekupheleni konyaka wawo wokuqala wokuphila, kepha imvamisa aqala ngonyaka wesibili. UTakahe yizinyoni ezinomfazi oyedwa: imibhangqwana ihlala ndawonye kusuka eminyakeni eyi-12, mhlawumbe kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Nyoni kaTakahe
Ukukhetha umbhangqwana kufaka izinketho eziningi zokuqomisana. Ukudunwa kweduet nentamo, kwabobulili bobabili, yizindlela zokuziphatha ezivame kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuqomisana, owesifazane uphoqa owesilisa ngokuqondisa umhlane wakhe abheke owesilisa, avule amaphiko akhe bese ehlisa ikhanda. Owesilisa unakekela izimpaphe zezinsikazi futhi ungumqalisi wokuhlangana.
Ukuzala kwenzeka ngemuva kobusika baseNew Zealand, obuphela cishe ngo-Okthoba. Lo mbhangqwana uhlela isidleke esijule njengesitsha esitsheni phansi esenziwe ngamahlumela amancane notshani. Futhi insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-1-3, achamisela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 zifukanyelwa. Kubikwe amanani okusinda ahlukahlukene, kepha ngokwesilinganiso yichwane elilodwa kuphela elizosinda lize libe mdala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngempilo ye-takaha endle. Imithombo ilinganisela ukuthi bangahlala endle iminyaka engu-14 kuya kwengu-20. Ekuthunjweni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Amabhangqa kaTakahe esiQhingini SaseNingizimu avamise ukuba seduze lapho engaqedi amaqanda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabhangqa okuzalanisa awavamile ukubonwa ndawonye ngesikhathi sokufukamela, ngakho-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi inyoni eyodwa ihlala isesidlekeni. Abesifazane bafukamela isikhathi esiningi kakhulu emini, nabesilisa ebusuku. Ukubukwa kwangemva kokuchanyuselwa kukhombisa ukuthi bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bachitha isikhathi esifanayo ukufunza abasha. Intsha iyondliwa ize ifike cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, emva kwalokho ikwazi ukuzimela.
Izitha zikaTakahe zemvelo
Isithombe: UMelusi Takahe
UTakahe wayengenazo izidlakela zasendaweni esikhathini esedlule. Abantu banciphile ngenxa yoshintsho lwe-anthropogenic njengokucekelwa phansi kwendawo nokuguqulwa, ukuzingelwa nokwethulwa kwezilwane ezidlayo kanye nabancintisana nezilwane ezincelisayo, kufaka phakathi izinja, izinyamazane nama-ermines.
Izidlakela eziyinhloko yi-takahe:
- abantu (Homo Sapiens);
- izinja ezifuywayo (C. lupusiliaris);
- izinyamazane ezibomvu (C. elaphus);
- ermine (M. erminea).
Ukwethulwa kwezinyamazane ezibomvu kuveza umncintiswano obucayi wokudla, kuyilapho ama-ermines edlala indima yezilwane ezizingelayo. Ukunwetshwa kwamahlathi ePleistocene yangemva komkhumbi kube nomthelela ekwehlisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Izizathu zokwehla kwabantu baseTakahe ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu zichazwe nguWilliams (1962). Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwakuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwabantu baseTakahe ngaphambi kokuhlala kwabantu baseYurophu. Izinguquko zemvelo azizange ziqaphele i-takaha, futhi cishe zonke zabhujiswa. Ukusinda ekushintsheni kwamazinga okushisa kwakungamukelekile kuleli qembu lezinyoni. UTakahe uhlala emadlelweni alpine, kepha inkathi yangemva kweqhwa yacekela phansi lezi zindawo, okwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamanani abo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifiki zasePolynesia ezafika eminyakeni engaba ngu-800-1000 edlule zeza nezinja namagundane asePolynesia. Baqala nokuzingela kakhulu i-takaha ukuze bathole ukudla, okwadala ukwehla komnotho okusha. Izindawo zokuhlala zaseYurophu ngekhulu le-19 zacishe zaziqeda ngokuzingela nokwethula izilwane ezincelisayo, njengezinyamazane, ezazincintisana ngokudla, kanye nezilwane ezidlayo (njenge-ermines), ezazizizingela ngqo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani utakahe
Inani eliphelele namuhla lilinganiselwa kuzinyoni ezivuthiwe ezingama-280 ezinamabhangqa angaba ngu-87 okuzala. Abantu bahlala behla benyuka, kufaka phakathi ukwehla okungama-40% ngenxa yesimo sango-2007 / 08. Isibalo sabantu abangeniswe endle sikhule kancane futhi ososayensi balindele ukuthi sizinzile manje.
Lezi zinhlobo zibalwa njengezisengozini ngoba inenani elincane kakhulu, labantu elikhula kancane. Uhlelo lwamanje lokululama kuhloswe ngalo ukudala abantu abazinakelayo abangaphezu kwabantu abangama-500. Uma inani labantu liqhubeka nokwanda, lokhu kuzoba yisizathu sokulidlulisela ohlwini lwabasengozini eRed Book.
Ukunyamalala okucishe kuphele kwe-takahe ebisabalele ngaphambilini kungenxa yezici eziningi:
- ukuzingela ngokweqile;
- ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala;
- wethula izidlo.
Njengoba lolu hlobo luhlala isikhathi eside, luzala kancane, luthatha iminyaka eminingana ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni, futhi lunobubanzi obukhulu obuye bancipha kakhulu ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zezizukulwane, ukucindezelwa ngemvelo kuyinkinga enkulu. Futhi imizamo yokululama iphazanyiswa ukuzala okuphansi kwezinyoni ezisele.
Ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kusetshenziselwe ukukhetha ukuzalanisa ukuze kugcinwe ukwehluka okuphezulu kofuzo. Enye yezinhloso zokuqala zesikhathi eside kwakungukudala inani labantu elizimele elingaphezu kwama-500 taka. Ekuqaleni kuka-2013, isibalo sasingabantu abangu-263. Ngo-2016 lakhula laba yi-taka engama-306. Ngo-2017 kuya ku-347 - 13% ngaphezulu kunangonyaka owedlule.
UTakahe unogada
Isithombe: Takahe ovela eRed Book
Ngemuva kwezinsongo ezinde zokuqothulwa, i-takahe isiyathola ukuvikeleka eFiordland National Park. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo aluzange luthole ukululama okuzinzile. Eqinisweni, isibalo sabakwa-takahi sasingama-400 lapho kutholakala okusha base benqaba baba ngu-118 ngo-1982 ngenxa yokuncintisana kwezinyamazane ezifuywayo. Ukutholwa kabusha kwe-takahe kudale intshisekelo enkulu yomphakathi.
Uhulumeni waseNew Zealand uthathe izinyathelo ngokushesha ngokuvala indawo ekude yeFiordland National Park ukuvimba izinyoni zingaphazamisi. Izinhlelo eziningi zokutakula izinhlobo sezakhiwe. Kube nemizamo ephumelelayo yokuhambisa i-takahis "ezindaweni zokufihla iziqhingi" futhi yazalelwa ekuthunjweni. Ekugcineni, akukho sinyathelo esathathwa cishe iminyaka eyishumi ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsizakusebenza.
Uhlelo olukhethekile lwemisebenzi lwenziwe ukukhulisa inani labantu be-tahake, okubandakanya:
- ukusungula ukulawulwa okusemandleni okukhulu kwezidlakela ze-takahe;
- ukubuyiselwa, futhi kwezinye izindawo nokwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala edingekayo;
- ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo eziqhingini ezincane ezingasekela inani elikhulu labantu;
- ukwethulwa kabusha kwezinhlobo, ukubuyiswa kabusha. Ukudalwa kwabantu abaningi ezwenikazi;
- ukuzalanisa kwabathunjiweyo / ukuzalanisa okwenziwe;
- ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngokugcina izinyoni zithunjiwe ukuze ziboniswe ngumphakathi kanye nokuvakashelwa kweziqhingi, nangabezindaba.
Izizathu zokukhula kwabantu okuphansi kanye nokufa okuphezulu kwamachwane eziqhingini ezingasolwandle kufanele kuphenywe. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuzoqapha ukuthambekela kwezinombolo zezinyoni nokusebenza, futhi kwenziwe izifundo zabantu abathunjiwe. Intuthuko ebalulekile emkhakheni wezokuphatha kwakuwukulawulwa okuqinile kwezinyamazane ezintabeni zaseMurchison nakwezinye izindawo lapho kuhlala khona i-tahake.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kusize ekwandiseni impumelelo yokuzalanisa. takahe... Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luhlose ukukala umthelela wokuhlaselwa kwezitokisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuphendulwe umbuzo wokuthi ngabe izitofu ziyinkinga enkulu okumele iphathwe yini.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/19/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 19.08.2019 ngo-22: 28
