Ijuba Sekuyisikhathi eside saba omakhelwane bethu abajwayelekile, abanezimpaphe, ezitholakala yonke indawo, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinkulu zasedolobheni. Ijuba ngokwalo lingabheka ukuvakashelwa ngokundizela kuvulandi noma lihlale efasiteleni. Ukukhala kwejuba kujwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ngemikhuba nezinhlamvu zezinyoni. Ake sizame ukuqonda lezi zinkinga, ngasikhathi sinye sifunda ngezindawo zokuhlala amajuba, imikhuba yawo yokudla, izici zokuzalela namanye ama-nuances wokuphila.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ijuba
Ijuba ledwala libizwa nangokuthi i-cisar, le enezimpaphe ingeyomndeni wamajuba nokuhleleka kwamajuba. Ukwembiwa kwemivubukulo kuveze ukuthi, ngokubheka izinsalela zezinsalela, izinhlobo zamajuba zakhiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi amane noma amashumi amahlanu edlule, kwakungukuphela kwe-Eocene noma ukuqala kwe-Oligocene. Izwe lejuba libhekwa njengeNyakatho Afrika, iNingizimu Yurophu kanye neNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bazithambisa lezi zinyoni.
Ividiyo: Ijuba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukuthuthela kwenye indawo yokuhlala, umuntu wahambisa nazo zonke izimpahla ayezitholile, ehamba namajuba, njengoba izinyoni zazizinze kuyo yonke iplanethi yethu futhi zijwayelene nabantu basemakhaya nabantu basemadolobheni. Kunezinganekwane nezinganekwane eziningi ezihambisana namajuba; athathwa njengabenzi bokuthula, enza ubumsulwa bokomoya.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IBhabhiloni lalibhekwa njengomuzi wamajuba. Kukhona inganekwane ngokusho ukuthi iNdlovukazi uSemiramis, ukuze ikhuphukele ezulwini, yaphenduka ijuba.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zejuba:
- i-synanthropic, osekunesikhathi eside yathanjiswa, lezi zinyoni zihlala nabantu. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinyoni, umuntu akanakucabanga imigwaqo yasedolobheni, ama-boulevards aminyene, izikwele, amapaki kanye namagceke ajwayelekile;
- zasendle, lezi zijuba ziyahlukana, hhayi ngokuya ngomsebenzi wabantu. Izinyoni zithanda izigodi ezinamadwala, izindawo ezisogwini lomfula nezihlahlana.
Ngaphandle, lezi zinhlobo zamajuba azihlukile, kepha imikhuba inezici zayo. Akujwayelekile ukuthi amajuba asendle ahlale emagatsheni ezihlahla, izinyoni ze-synanthropic kuphela ezingenza lokhu, amajuba asendle anyathela ngesibindi ezindaweni ezinamadwala nezobumba. I-sisari yasendle iyashesha ukwedlula eyasemadolobheni, ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-180 ngehora, okungaphezu kwamandla ezinyoni eziseduze kwabantu. Amajuba ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngisho namazwekazi awahlukile ngokubukeka kwawo, abukeka efana ncamashi, ngisho nakwizwekazi lase-Afrika elishisayo, ngisho nasezweni lethu. Okulandelayo, sichaza izici zabo zangaphandle.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ijuba elimpunga
Umzimba wejuba mkhulu futhi uhlangane kancane, ubude bawo buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-37 kuye kwangama-40. Ubukeka uzacile kakhulu, kodwa ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi kwalo lukhulu kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ubuningi bezinyoni bezinhlobo zamajuba asendle kusuka ku-240 kuya ku-400 amagremu, izinhlobo zasemadolobheni zivame ukubhekana nokukhuluphala, ngakho-ke zinzima kakhulu.
Ikhanda lejuba lincane, uqhwaku lucishe lube yi-2.5 cm ubude, luyindilinga kancane ekugcineni futhi lube buthakathaka. Umbala woqhwaku uvame ukuba mnyama, kodwa i-wax emhlophe ibonakala kahle ezansi. Izindlebe zezinyoni ezingaphansi kwezimpaphe cishe azibonakali, kepha zithwebula ubumsulwa obungenakuqondwa yindlebe yomuntu. Intamo yenyoni ayiyinde ngokugqama okumakwe (kusetshenziswa umbala wophaphe) i-goiter. Kukule ndawo lapho izimpaphe zicwazimula ngamathoni ansomi, ziphenduke kahle zibe yimibala ekhanyayo yewayini.
Umsila wejuba ujikelezwe ekugcineni, ubude bawo bungu-13 noma u-14 cm, umngcele omnyama uyabonakala ezimpapheni. Izimpiko zezinyoni zinde impela, ngobude obufinyelela ku-65 kuye ku-72 cm, isisekelo sazo sibanzi kakhulu, futhi imikhawulo ibukhali. Izimpaphe zezindiza zinemigqa emnyama emnyama. Uma ubheka izimpiko, uyawezwa amandla amajuba, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukundiza ngejubane lamakhilomitha angama-70 ngehora, futhi amajuba asendle ngokuvamile angumbani osheshayo, angadlulela ku-170.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ibanga elilinganiselwe i-cisar elingalihamba ngosuku lingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-800.
Amehlo ezinyoni anemibala ehlukene yama-irises, angaba:
- igolide (evame kakhulu);
- ngokubomvu;
- iwolintshi.
Umbono wamajuba muhle kakhulu, unentathu-ntathu, yonke imibala yezinyoni ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela, ibamba ngisho nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ukuhamba kwejuba lapho uhamba kungabonakala kungajwayelekile, ngoba i-cisar ehamba phansi kufanele igxilise umbono wakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Imilenze yezinyoni imifushane, imibala yayo ingavezwa ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kusuka kupinki kuye komnyama, kwezinye izinyoni zinezimpaphe. Umbala wamajuba kufanele ukhulume ngokuhlukile. Uhlobo lwayo olujwayelekile kakhulu luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumpunga. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amajuba asendle alula kancane kunabalingani bawo be-synanthropic. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha, izinyoni ezinemibala ehlukahlukene manje sezingabonakala, ezihlukile kumbala ojwayelekile.
Ngokuphathelene nombala, amajuba yilawa:
- iqhwa-mhlophe (i-monochromatic futhi inamabala eminye imibala);
- umbala obomvu okhanyayo nenani elincane lezimpaphe ezimhlophe;
- nsundu (umbala wekhofi);
- kumnyama;
- mnyama ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Phakathi kwamajuba asemadolobheni kukhona ngaphezu kwekota yekhulu yazo zonke izinhlobo zemibala.
Endaweni yentamo, ikhanda nesifuba, umbala wehlukile kungemuva eliyinhloko lezimpaphe. Lapha licwazimula ngamathoni aphuzi, abomvana futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anombala wensimbi. Endaweni ye-goiter, umbala ungaba yiwayini. Kwabesifazane, i-sheen esifubeni ayibonakali njengakwabesilisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ziyefana, umnumzane onezimpaphe kuphela omkhulu kancane kunentokazi leyo. Amajaji abukeka efiphele kakhulu, elinde i-molt yokuqala.
Lihlala kuphi ijuba?
Isithombe: Ijuba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eRussia
USisari wanqoba wonke amazwekazi, awatholakali e-Antarctica kuphela. Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi lezi zinyoni sezizinze ezindaweni zamazwekazi amabili: e-Eurasia, zihlala ezifundeni zayo ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu, kanye nezwekazi lase-Afrika elishisayo. Ngokuqondene ne-Eurasia, lapha amajuba akhethe izintaba ze-Altai, empumalanga ye-India, izintaba zeTien Shan, izindawo ezisuka emgodini weYenisei ziye olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean. Futhi, amajuba abhekwa njengezakhamuzi ezihlala njalo eNhlonhlweni YaseCrimea naseCaucasus. E-Afrika ekude, amajuba azinza ezindaweni ezisogwini lweDarfur naseGulf of Aden, futhi ahlala kwezinye izindawo zaseSenegal. Inani elincanyana labantu bejuba lalihlala eSri Lanka, Great Britain, eCanary Islands, eMedithera naseFaroe Islands.
Ama-cisars asendle anjengezintaba, angabonakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kusuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-3 km. Bahlala futhi budebuduze namathafa anotshani, lapho kugeleza khona imizimba yamanzi. Lamajuba amisa izidleke zawo emifantwini enamadwala, ezihosheni nakwezinye izindawo ezicashile kude nabantu. Amajuba aqhele kude namahlathi amakhulu aminyene. Izindawo lapho ukukhululeka kuyisidina futhi kuvuleke kakhulu nazo azibafanele kakhulu, ngoba izinyoni zidinga ukuba khona kwezakhiwo zamatshe amade noma amatshe.
Ijuba le-synanthropic lihehwa yizindawo lapho kunezakhiwo eziningi eziphakeme kakhulu; futhi zakha izidleke ezindaweni zezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni, ezingabekwa kude namadolobha. Endaweni yasedolobheni, lezi zinyoni zingahlala yonke indawo: ezingadini ezinkulu nasezindaweni zokupaka, ophahleni lwezindlu, ezigcawini ezinabantu abaningi, ezakhiweni ezibhujisiwe noma ezingakaqedwa. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, imihlambi yamajuba iyabonakala ku-lek, lapho kugcinwa khona okusanhlamvu futhi kugaywe, kodwa amajuba awavamile ezigodini. I-sisari yasemadolobheni ihlala lapho kulula khona futhi iphephe kakhulu kubo ukudala izidleke zabo, futhi ngezikhathi ezibandayo, ezinzima, zasebusika bahlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu futhi bavame ukuminyana ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwamanye amazwekazi, amajuba ayethulwa ngobuciko. Lokhu kwenzeka eNova Scotia, lapho amaFrance aletha khona izinyoni eziningana emuva ngo-1606.
Manje uyazi lapho le nyoni ihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi ijuba lidlani?
Lidlani idwala?
Isithombe: Ijuba lenyoni
Amajuba edwala angabizwa ngokuthi omnivorous futhi angathobeki ekukhetheni ukudla.
Ukudla kwabo okwejwayelekile kwenkukhu kuqukethe:
- zonke izinhlobo zamabele;
- imbewu yezitshalo;
- amajikijolo;
- ama-apula asendle;
- ezinye izithelo ezinamandla;
- izibungu;
- izimbaza;
- izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Lapho ukudla kudla khona, amajuba adla ngemihlambi yezinyoni eziyishumi kuya kwikhulu. Izixuku ezinkulu zamajuba ziyabonakala emasimini ngesikhathi sokuvuna, lapho izinyoni ezinamaphiko zikha khona izinhlamvu nezinhlamvu zokhula ngqo emhlabathini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amajuba anzima kakhulu, futhi anesakhiwo esithile sezidladla, ezingavumeli izinyoni ukuba zikhiphe okusanhlamvu ezindlebeni, ngakho-ke izinyoni azisiyo ingozi ezweni elitshaliwe, kunalokho, zihlwitha imbewu eningi yokhula oluhlukahlukene.
AbakwaSisari banobudlova kakhulu, bangadla cishe amagremu angamashumi amane embewu ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokuthi ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke ngamagremu angamashumi ayisithupha. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kunokudla okuningi futhi ijuba lijahe ukuyodla ukuze lisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Ngesikhathi sendlala, izinyoni zibonisa ubuhlakani futhi ziba nesifiso esikhulu, ngoba okungenziwa ukuze zisinde. Izinyoni ziqala ukudla ukudla okungajwayelekile kubo: ama-oats ahluma, amajikijolo afriziwe. USisari ugwinya amatshe amancane, amagobolondo nesihlabathi ukwenza ngcono ukugaya. Amajuba awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-squeamish and picky, ezikhathini ezinzima awadeleli izidumbu, amathini kadoti wamadolobha nemigqomo kadoti, ubhontshisi bezinja.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amajuba anezinambitheka ezingama-37 zokunambitha; kubantu, kukhona ama-10,000.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ijuba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho lindiza
ISisarei ingabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezihlala phansi, ezisebenza emini. Zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zindiza ziye ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kuze kushone ilanga. Kepha emadolobheni, umsebenzi wabo ungaqhubeka noma selishonile ilanga, lapho kungakabi bumnyama ngokuphelele. Amajuba aphumula ebusuku, kodwa ngaphambi kokulala azama ukuphuza amanzi. Abesifazane balala esidlekeni, kanti abesilisa basendaweni ethile eseduze, ngoba bagada ijuba labo kanye nenzalo yabo. Njengoba sezishwabene futhi zifihle amakhanda ngaphansi kwephiko, amajuba awela ephusheni, elibucayi kakhulu, kepha lihlala kuze kuse.
USisari uncamela ukuhamba ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi izindiza zabo zibala cishe amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu wesikhathi sasemini. Izinyoni zasendle zisebenza kakhulu kulokhu, zihamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-50 ukusuka endaweni yokwakha izidleke ukuze zithole ukudla, kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ebusika, lapho izinto zixinene nokudla. Ngokuvamile, impilo inzima kakhulu kuma-savages anezimpaphe, ngoba awakwazi ukucasha ophahleni olufudumele, awondliwe ngabantu.
Sekuyisikhathi eside amajuba engabangane abangabantu njalo, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukucabanga imigwaqo yasedolobheni ingenabo laba bantu abajwayelene nezimpaphe. Amajuba nabantu bayasebenzisana emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, engasetshenziselwa ukwahlulela imikhuba yezinyoni, imikhuba namakhono. Ukuma okuhle kakhulu esikhaleni esenziwe ezikhathini zasendulo abaposi abanamakhono nabanokwethenjelwa abavela emajuba. Ijuba lihlakaniphile futhi likhumbula kahle. ukundiza izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, uhlala eyazi indlela yakhe ebuyela ekhaya.
Amajuba ayaqeqeshwa, sonke sizibonile lezi zinyoni zidlala enkundleni yesekisi. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo emisebenzini yokusesha, bambalwa abaziyo. Izinyoni zafundiswa ukubabaza kakhulu lapho kutholakala ivesti eliphuzi futhi lindizele phezu kwendawo lapho kutholakala khona umuntu olahlekile. AbakwaSisari babikezela izinhlekelele zemvelo, ngoba zibucayi kakhulu kunoma yiluphi ushintsho kwingcindezi yasemkhathini nasemisindweni ephansi kakhulu engalawulwa ukuzwa kwabantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abaqaphi bezinyoni bakholelwa ukuthi ukuma kwamajuba esikhaleni kuhlobene nelanga namandla kazibuthe. Kufakazelwe ngokuzama ukuthi ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha, izinyoni ziholwa izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngabantu.
Cishe wonke umuntu uzwile amajuba akhalayo, imisindo ayenzayo ifana nokuduma komphimbo. Ngosizo lwala ma-chords, abanumzane baheha abalingani futhi bangaxosha abantu abangabafuni. Esikhathini esiningi, ukukhala kwenziwa ngokwemvelo kwabesilisa. Ngokumangazayo, ihluke ngokuphelele futhi isatshalaliswa ezikhathini ezahlukahlukene, ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokuduma kwamajuba.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhala kwezinyoni kuyenzeka:
- abathandi;
- ukubuthwa;
- ukuvimbela;
- yokwakha isidleke;
- ifolishi (eshicilelwa ngesikhathi sokudla).
Ngaphezu kokubiza ngezwi, amajuba axhumana ngokushaya amaphiko awo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amajuba amabili
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi abathandi bavame ukubizwa ngamajuba, ngoba lezi zinyoni zakha izithandani impilo yazo yonke, zihlala zingabalingani abathembekile futhi abanakekelana kahle. Amajuba avuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka eyisithupha. Amajuba ahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele unyaka wonke, nezinyoni ezisenyakatho kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. U-Cavalier ubheka kahle ijuba alithandayo, ezama ukumthandeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-coos wesilisa ayamema, afutha umsila wakhe, enze ukunyakaza kokudansa, azame ukugona insikazi ngamaphiko akhe, afaka izimpaphe entanyeni yakhe.
Ukukhetha kuhlala kuhlala nomlingani, uma ethanda umnumzane, ukuhlangana kwabo komndeni kuzohlala impilo yonke yezinyoni, ehlala iminyaka emithathu kuye kwemihlanu ezimweni zemvelo, yize isekuthunjweni ijuba lingaphila kuze kube ngu-15. Lapho lo mbhangqwana udalwa, uqala ukuzihlomisa ngesidleke , owesilisa uletha izinto zokwakha (amagatsha, uketshezi, amahlumela), futhi umama okhulelwe wakha isidleke esithokomele ngazo. Lapho kuvela imbangi, ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa akuvamile.
I-Oviposition iqala emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokukhwelana. Imvamisa kuba mabili kuphela, amaqanda mancane, amhlophe ngokuphelele noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kathathu iqanda libekwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwelokuqala. Inqubo yokufukamela ithatha izinsuku eziyi-16 kuye kwezingu-19. Abazali bachamisela inzalo, befaka omunye komunye. Imvamisa, owesilisa usesidlekeni emini, kanti umama okhulelwe uhlala emaqanda ubusuku bonke. Izingane azichanyeli ngasikhathi sinye, umehluko ekubukeni kwamachwane ungafinyelela ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Ngokushesha lapho uzalwa, ungezwa ukukhala kwamajuba angenazo izimpaphe futhi adinga ukufudunyezwa. Kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-25 ubudala, abazali baphatha izingane ngobisi olukhiqizwa emikhombeni yezinyoni. Lapho inyanga ifinyelelwa, amajuba anambitha okusanhlamvu okumanziwe ngemilomo yawo, akhipha emphinjeni kanina noma kayise ngemilomo yawo. Lapho sezinezinsuku ezingama-45, izingane ziba namandla futhi zimbozwe izimpaphe, ngakho-ke sezivele zishiya indawo yazo yokwakha izidleke, zingene empilweni yabantu abadala nabazimele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoNgesikhathi sonyaka esisodwa, amajuba amabili angakwazi ukuzala kusuka emaphuphu angama-4 kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, kodwa akuwona wonke amaphuphu asinda.
Izitha zemvelo zejuba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ijuba elimpunga
Amajuba anezitha ezanele ezimweni zemvelo. Izilwane ezinamaphiko ziyingozi enkulu kuzo. Ungakhathazeki ngokuzama ama-hawk inyama. Ziyingozi kakhulu ngenkathi yamajuba okukhwelana. IBlack grouse nezigwaca ziyajabula ukuzitika ngamajuba, munye kuphela emindenini yazo okwazi ukushwabadela amajuba amahlanu ngosuku.
Oklebe basongela, okokuqala, ama-saesars anonya, kanye nezihlobo zabo ze-synanthropic bayawesaba kakhulu ama-peregrine falcons, bavakashela izindawo ezisemadolobheni ngokukhethekile ukuze banambithe amajuba noma bondle amaphuphu abo ngawo. Inani lamajuba liphinde lithinteke kabi amagwababa, omnyama nampunga, okuqala, ahlasela amatshwele noma izinyoni ezibuthaka zokuguga. Amakati ajwayelekile athanda ukuzizingela nawo ayingozi kumajuba.
Izidleke zamajuba zivame ukonakala:
- izimpungushe;
- ama-ferrets;
- izinyoka;
- martens.
Izifo eziwumshayabhuqe omkhulu futhi zibhubhisa eziningi ezinamaphiko, ngoba amajuba ahlala aminyene, ngakho ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngejubane lombani. Izitha zamajuba zingafaka futhi umuntu ongafaka ubuthi emajuba ngenhloso, okungukuthi kuningi kakhulu endaweni ahlala kuyo, ngoba ubabheka njengabathwali bezifo eziyingozi nezinambuzane zezindawo ezisemadolobheni ezihlushwa ubulongwe bamajuba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ijuba lenyoni
Indawo yokwabiwa kwamajuba inkulu kakhulu, lezi zinyoni zivame ezindaweni eziningi. Abantu babajwayele kangangokuba abanaki, futhi ukukhala kwabo kujwayelekile kabuhlungu kuwo wonke umuntu. Isibalo samajuba asibangeli ukukhathazeka phakathi kwezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo, yize kuye kwaqapheleka ukuthi inani lama-saezar asendle liyancipha. Babevame ukuzalana nabasemadolobheni.
Kuyathokozisa ukwazi ukuthi akukho lutho olusongela inani lamajuba, ngeke lize life, kepha, eduze kwabantu, liyaqhubeka nokuzala ngenkuthalo futhi landise inani lalo. Kwezinye izifunda, kunesimo esiningi sokuthi amajuba amaningi, ngakho-ke abantu kufanele bawasuse ngoshevu wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indle yamajuba eminingi yephula ukubukeka kwamasiko emadolobheni, ilimaza izakhiwo nezinye izakhiwo, futhi yonakalisa nengubo yemoto. Amajuba angangenisa abantu ngezifo ezinjenge-bird flu, i-torulosis, i-psittacosis, ngakho-ke eziningi zazo ziyingozi kubantu.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi amajuba edwala awazona izinhlobo ezisengozini, inani lemfuyo yawo likhulu impela, kwesinye isikhathi lide kakhulu. AbakwaSisari abafakiwe kunoma yiluphi uhlu olubomvu, abazitholi izinsongo ebukhoneni babo, ngakho-ke, abadingi izindlela ezithile zokuzivikela, ezingathokozi kepha zijabule.
Ukufingqa, kufanele ukwengeza lokho ijuba emuhle kakhulu, ehloniphekile futhi enomusa, izimpaphe zakhe ezi-iridescent ziyakhanga futhi ziyaheha, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo wayehlonishwa kakhulu futhi enziwe ukuthula komuntu, uthando nokuzinikela okungenamkhawulo. ISesar iseduze nomuntu, ngethemba losizo nokusekelwa kwakhe, ngakho-ke kudingeka sibe nomusa kumajuba futhi sinakekele, ikakhulukazi ebusika obunzima besithwathwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/31/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 01.08.2019 ngo-10: 21
